Embedding reach-scale fluvial dynamics within the CAESAR cellular automaton landscape evolution model   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Marco J. Van De Wiel  Tom J. Coulthard  Mark G. Macklin  John Lewin 《Geomorphology》2007,90(3-4):283

We introduce a new computational model designed to simulate and investigate reach-scale alluvial dynamics within a landscape evolution model. The model is based on the cellular automaton concept, whereby the continued iteration of a series of local process ‘rules’ governs the behaviour of the entire system. The model is a modified version of the CAESAR landscape evolution model, which applies a suite of physically based rules to simulate the entrainment, transport and deposition of sediments. The CAESAR model has been altered to improve the representation of hydraulic and geomorphic processes in an alluvial environment. In-channel and overbank flow, sediment entrainment and deposition, suspended load and bed load transport, lateral erosion and bank failure have all been represented as local cellular automaton rules. Although these rules are relatively simple and straightforward, their combined and repeatedly iterated effect is such that complex, non-linear geomorphological response can be simulated within the model. Examples of such larger-scale, emergent responses include channel incision and aggradation, terrace formation, channel migration and river meandering, formation of meander cutoffs, and transitions between braided and single-thread channel patterns. In the current study, the model is illustrated on a reach of the River Teifi, near Lampeter, Wales, UK.  相似文献   

Reducing model complexity for explanation and prediction   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

A. Brad Murray   《Geomorphology》2007,90(3-4):178

Numerical models can be useful for explaining poorly understood phenomena or for reliable quantitative predictions. When modeling a multi-scale system, a ‘top-down’ approach—basing models on emergent variables and interactions, rather than explicitly on the much faster and smaller scale processes that give rise to them—facilitates both goals. Parameterizations representing emergent interactions range from highly simplified and abstracted to more quantitatively accurate. Empirically based large-scale parameterizations lead more reliably to accurate large-scale behavior than do parameterizations of much smaller scale processes. Conversely, purposefully simplified representations of model interactions can enhance a model's utility for explanation, clarifying the key feedbacks leading to an enigmatic behavior. For such potential insights to be relevant, the interactions in the model need to correspond to those in the ‘real’ system in some straightforward way. Such a correspondence usually holds for models constructed for predictive purposes, although this is not a requirement. The goals motivating a modeling endeavor help determine the most appropriate modeling strategies, as well as the most appropriate criteria for judging model usefulness.  相似文献   

Identifying linear and non-linear behaviour in reduced complexity modelling output using surrogate data methods     

C.J. Keylock   《Geomorphology》2007,90(3-4):356

Validation of model output is an important issue in the environmental sciences. This is particularly the case for reduced complexity modelling approaches where verification of the underlying equations is often problematic. Hence, methods that go beyond validation based on average values or the histogram of model output, are clearly advantageous. In this paper we show that a validation method based on the serial properties of time–space data, and developed in geomorphology, is a useful alternative but is nevertheless still insensitive to certain asymmetric characteristics of the signal. Hence, use of this method for validation may be enhanced by the adoption of an accompanying test for asymmetry in the model output.  相似文献   

区域可持续发展的一种评价模型:综合协调度——以广东省沿海城市为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

熊永柱  夏斌  张美英 《热带地理》2007,27(6):511-515,520

采用层次分析法(AHP)和主成分分析法建立了一种区域可持续发展定量评价的指标体系和综合协调度模型,确定了评价指标体系的权重,并根据广东省沿海14个地市1995年至2004年的统计数据,对其可持续发展综合协调度进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)广东省沿海区域可持续发展的综合协调度总体上呈现上升趋势,但东中西部分布不均衡,呈现粤中较高东西两翼较低的格局;(2)14个沿海地市中,1995年综合协调度均处于较弱水平(Ⅳ),到2004年,只有深圳、广州的综合协调度超过0.4,达到中等协调水平(Ⅲ),而其它地市仍处于较弱水平(Ⅳ)的综合协调度阶段。  相似文献   

格子玻尔兹曼方法及其在大气湍流研究中的应用     

程雪玲  胡非  赵松年  姜金华 《地球科学进展》2007,22(3):249-260

文章的目的是对格子玻尔兹曼方法进行系统的介绍，格子玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method)的出现直接来源于20世纪60年代的元胞自动机(Cellular Automata)思想，而这一方法用于解决流动现象时，又可以追溯到19世纪的分子运动论，求解的是Boltzmann提出的玻尔兹曼输运方程，因此将这一方法称为格子玻尔兹曼方法，之前也被称为格子气自动机(Lattice Gas Automaton)。该方法多用于研究复杂现象，如材料晶体凝聚时的生长过程、城市土地利用的演化等方面。在20世纪70年代由Hardy、Pomeau和Pazzis建立了第一个用于研究流体运动的格子气自动机，此后，这一方法被广泛用来模拟各种流动问题，诸如二相流、孔隙介质中的渗流等，并根据这一方法开发了相应的商业软件PowerFlow。同时，格子玻尔兹曼方法由于其在微观水平描述运动的特点，成为研究湍流的一个很好的数值计算工具，特别是用其进行直接数值模拟(DNS)计算，成为继传统的差分法、有限体积法和谱方法之后的又一有力的手段。而作为大气运动的一个主要现象的大气湍流，比普通湍流更加复杂，在这里着重介绍了大气湍流的特点和应用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟湍流的发展过程。  相似文献   

Performance of surface footing on geocell-reinforced soft clay beds   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sitharam G. Thallak  Sireesh Saride  Sujit Kumar Dash 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(5):509-524

This paper presents the results of laboratory model tests carried out to develop an understanding of the behaviour of geocell-reinforced soft clay foundations under circular loading. Natural silty clay was used in this study. The geocells were prepared using biaxial polymer grid. The performance of the reinforced bed is quantified using non-dimensional factors i.e., Bearing capacity improvement factor (I_f) and Percentage reduction in footing settlement (PRS). The test results demonstrate that the geocell mattress redistributes the footing load over a wider area thereby improving the performance of the footing. The load carrying capacity of the clay bed is increased by a factor of up to about 4.5 times that of unreinforced bed. From the pressure-settlement responses, it is observed that the geocell-reinforced foundation bed behaves as a much stiffer system compared to the unreinforced case indicating that a substantial reduction in footing settlement can be achieved by providing geocell reinforcement in the soft clay bed. The maximum reduction in footing settlement obtained with the provision of geocell mattress of optimum size placed close to the footing is around 90%. Further improvement in performance is obtained with provision of an additional planar geogrid layer at the base of the geocell mattress.  相似文献   

地形RSG模型的动态构网算法   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

陈刚  夏青  万刚 《测绘学报》2002,31(1):44-48

论述了一种基于规则格网地形模型的动态构网算法。通过定义模型中顶点间的约束关系以及顶点误差的继承方法，利用四叉树构建出顶点的层次结构，有效解决了不同分辨率网络间接边的裂缝问题，实现在模型误差控制下的多分辨网络的实时正确构网。实验证明，该方法对于实时控制地形模型的细节层次，增强地形模型的绘制效率是非常有效的。  相似文献   

3维GIS面向对象数据模型的研究与应用   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

王磊  周云轩 《测绘学报》2002,31(3):274-277

3维数据模型是3维GIS研究中亟待解决的一个核心问题。在充分分析现有3维数据模型的基础上，从实际应用出发，针对传统模型的不足，提出1种3维GIS面向对象数据模型，以解决空间不规则实体本身，以及实体间复杂关系的描述、表达和组织等关键问题，并给出此模型应用实例，证明此模型的可行性和实用性。  相似文献   

宾川幔坳区斑岩铜矿综合信息三维找矿模型   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

曹显光 《云南地质》2002,21(4):353-364

云南宾川幔坳区位于青藏高原横断山脉东缘，金沙江有色贵金属矿带南段，是云南仅次于东川-昭通，个旧-丘北的第三大幔坳区，本文首次概括综合信息三维找矿模型显示，该区可能赋存一个超大型斑岩系列铜矿床，区内纳米碳，铜，金相互作用是其主要成矿作用之一。  相似文献   

南海海平面高度年循环的特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Liu Qinyu  Jia Yinglai  Wang Xiaohu  Yang Haijun 《大气科学进展》2001,18(4):613-622

根据 ＴＯＰＥＸ／ ＰＯＳＥＩＤＯＮ－ＥＲＳ高度计提供的海平面高度异常资料和并行海洋气候模式（ＰＯＣＭ）模拟海平面高度资料，分析了南海海平面高度年循环特征。结果表明：ｌ月，３月和５月海平面高度的异常值分别与７月，９月，１１月的异常值相反。ｌ月（７月），深水海区与吕宋海峡的海平面高度为负（正）异常，在大部分陆架区和南海的西和南部，海平面高度为正（负）异常。在３月（９月），除海平面高度异常的量级已减少，且较小的ＳＳＨ正异常（负异常）出现在南海的中部以外，海平面高度异常的分布型与 １月（７月）类似； ＳＳＨ的年循环的最大振幅出现在吕宋岛的西北海域；风的季节变化是南海ＳＳＨ季节变化的主要原因。  相似文献