Fission track dating obsidians in Central and Northern Anatolia     

Giulio Bigazzi  Zehra Yegingil  Tuncay Ercan  Massimo Oddone  Mehmet Özdogan 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1993,55(8):588-595

Twenty obsidian samples from Central and North Anatolia were dated by the fission track method. Split samples analyzed in two different laboratories give consistent results. Data presented refer to three volcanic fields and are summarized as follows: Orta-Sakaeli (Northern Anatolia) obsidians with ages from 21–23 Ma; Göllü Dagi dome complex near Çiftlik (Central anatolia) has given ages between 1.33–0.98 Ma; Acigöl caldera (Central Anatolia) shows three age groups: (1) Eruptions of precaldera (Bogazköy) obsidians with ages 0.18–0.15 Ma; (2) Formation of the large intracaldera dome Kocadag-Taskesiktepe at about 0.08 Ma (uncorrected apparent age of 0.075 Ma); and (3) Acigöl peripheral obsidian domes with plateau ages of 0.020 and 0.019 Ma, and an additional uncorrected age of 0.018 Ma form a distinct age group. This fission track parameters discriminate between the various obsidian sources of prehistoric obsidian artifacts.  相似文献   

Polyphase wrench tectonics in the southern french Massif Central: kinematic inferences from pre- and syntectonic granitoids     

Jean-Yves Roig  Michel Faure  Patrick Ledru 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):138-153

In the Variscan French Massif Central, the South Limousin area consists of low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks intruded by two granitic bodies. The structural and textural analyses of these plutons undertaken in parallel with the structural analysis of their host rocks allow us to characterize and to date different stages in the tectonic evolution of this area. This study shows that the South Limousin area experienced successivelly two strike-slip events along two geographically distinct shear zones, from north to south the left-lateral Estivaux and the right-lateral South Limousin strike-slip faults, respectively. These ductile faults subdivide the South Limousin into three structural units, from north to south they are the Upper Gneiss unit, Thiviers-Payzac unit .and Génis unit. The two granitic bodies intrude the Thiviers-Payzac unit only. The younger Estivaux granite is a syntectonic pluton which emplaced during left-lateral wrenching. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates from biotites indicate an Early Carboniferous age (346 ± 3 Ma). The older granite is a pretectonic body. It is the Ordovician Saut du Saumon augen orthogneiss in which detailed structural analyses show the polyphase nature of the solid-state deformation. Our microtectonic data indicate that the right-lateral motions overprint the left-lateral ones and produce apparently symmetrical fabrics.  相似文献   

Natural and anthropogenic budgets of a small watershed in the massif central (France): Chemical and strontium isotopic characterization of water and sediments     

Philippe Négrel  Pierre Deschamps 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1996,2(1):1-27

A small watershed (160 km²) located in the Massif Central (France) has been chemically, isotopically and hydrologically studied through its dissolved load, bed sediments and soils. This watershed is underlain by basaltic bedrock and associated soils in which the vegetation is dominated mainly by meadows.Dissolved concentrations of major ions (Cl, SO₄, NO₃, HCO₃, Ca, Na, Mg, K, Al and Si), trace elements (Rb and Sr) and strontium isotopes have been determined for two different hydrologic periods on the main stream of the Allanche river and its tributaries.The major objectives of this study were to characterize the chemical and isotopic signatures of each reservoir occurring in the watershed. Changes in chemical and isotopic signatures are interpreted in terms of fluctuations of the different components inputs: rainwater, weathering products, anthropogenic addition.Water quality may be influenced by natural inputs (rainwater, weathering processes) and anthropogenic additions (fertilizers, road salts, etc.). Precipitation serves as a major vehicle for dissolved chemical species in addition to the hydrosystem and, in order to constrain rain inputs, a systematic study of rainwaters is carried out over a one year period using an automatic collector. Corrections of rainwater addition using chloride as an atmospheric input reference were computed for selected elements and the Sr/Sr ratio. After such corrections, the geochemical budget of the watershed was determined and the role of anthropogenic additions evaluated through the relationship between strontium isotopes and major and trace element ratios. Thus, 10% of Ca and Na originate in rainwater input, 40 to 80% in fertilizer additions and 15 to 50% in rock weatheringThe cationic denudation rates for this watershed are around 0.3 g s^–1 km² during low water discharge and 0.6 g s^–1 km² in high water stage. This led to a chemical denudation rate of 5.3 mm/1000 years.For solid matter, the normalization of chemical species relative to parent rocks shows the depletion or enrichment in soils and sediments. The use of K and Ca as mobile reference illustrates the weathering state of soils and sediments relative to parent rocks. This weathering state for bed sediments range from 15 to 45% for the K normalization and from 2 to 50% for the Ca normalization. For the soils, the weathering state ranges from 15 to 57% for the K normalization and from 17 to 90% for the Ca normalization.  相似文献   

建立区域坐标系问题的讨论   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

牛卓立  赖昌意 《测绘工程》1998,7(4):13-16

讨论了在国家坐标系下建立区域坐标系的方法和基本要求。指出移动中央子午线法或改变椭球参数法存在的弱点,而抵偿高程面的比例系数法理论正确,方法简便易行。  相似文献   

中南美洲地区地震序列的特征     

李钦祖  刁桂苓 《华北地震科学》1998,16(4):1-9

共搜集到１９６０￣１９９０年中、南美洲地区１０个地震序列。其中１个是板内地震序列。这个板内地震序列表现出的特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较短,长短轴之比低;余震震源机制和主震震源机制相比变化大。其余９个是俯冲带上的板缘地震序列,它们的共同特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较长;震源深度下限超过地壳,可以达到７０ｋｍ以下（第１０号序列例外）;主震的震源机制受俯站带的走向、倾向和倾角的控制。但是这些震序列又分为两  相似文献   

Report on the geo-environmental inquiry project, central and eastern Europe     

U. Mattig  E. F. J. de Mulder 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(1):37-40

 The Commission on Geological Sciences for Environmental Planning (COGEOENVIRONMENT) of IUGS and UNESCO have initiated a joint project to develop a worldwide data base on earth-science-related environmental problems and to assess which geoscientific information is available locally for prevention, prediction or mitigation of such problems. As a first step, a pilot project on geo-environmental problems and geo-information was launched for central and eastern Europe. In this paper the results of a questionnaire sent to all these partly new countries are presented. Analysis of the results of the questionnaire shows that the most serious and common geo-environmental problems in central and eastern Europe are earthquakes, landslides, soil contamination, groundwater pollution and flooding by rivers. Other geo-environmental problems in this part of Europe and some difficulties experienced during the pilot project are also referred to. Some suggestions for the application of geoscientific knowledge to mitigate such problems are presented at the end of this paper. Received: 25 February 1997 · Accepted: 28 January 1998  相似文献   

中央造山带的演化及其特点   总被引：105，自引：12，他引：93  

殷鸿福  张克信 《地球科学》1998,23(5):437-442

中央造山带原型是由一列微板块加上分别位于其北面和同面的两列不同时期的小洋盆组成,微板块群的主体是柴达木,秦岭,大别－苏鲁,还加上祁连,元古代末至早古生代早期,北列拉张成多岛小洋盆,它们在加里东档期关闭,并在微板块群北缘形成前陆盆地带,南列形成裂陷槽,在加里东期末关闭,一般不造山,晚古生代,微板块群与欧亚板块合为一体,并总体北移,南列出现泥盆（个别）石炭二叠纪的小洋盆,属于古特提斯洋的一部分,洋盆在  相似文献   

兰州-民和盆地红古城组的建立及其地质学意义   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

蔡雄飞  朱伟元 《甘肃地质》1998,7(2):49-53

兰州—民和盆地下白垩统地层,出露良好,厚度较大,自下而上可建立８个非正式的岩石地层单位（岩组）。红古城组位于下白垩统上部的第七岩组。该组以剖面连续、出露甚好、顶底清楚、厚度不大而与上、下地层显著不同,具独特的岩性、岩相特征。虽然岩性、岩相在横向上变化较快,但顶、底界线都具良好的标志层,在盆地内可以广泛追索和对比。该组岩石地层单位的正式建立,不仅便于区内地层的划分与对比,而且对盆内层序地层、岩相分析、构造演化的研究都具重要意义。  相似文献   

中原末次冰期间冰阶以来的古季风气候变迁   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

肖华国  吴锡浩  蒋复初  田国强  刘科  薛滨  孙东怀 《地球学报》1998,19(1):84-89

中原邙山黄土地层以巨厚的马兰黄土为特色。本文研究了末次冰期间冰阶以来邙山黄土－古土壤序列的粗颗粒含量和磁化率值曲线反映的冬夏季风变迁及其相互关系,发现在万年尺度上夏季风增强对应于冬季风减弱,冬季风增强对应于夏季风减弱,但在千年尺度上冬季风变化比夏季风强烈得多,而且末次间冰段开始时冬季风减弱明显早于夏季风增强。通过中原黄土记录与深海及冰芯Ｏ同位素记录的对比,发现短时间尺度气候变化阶段明显具有很大的区域性特征,它们不能简单地进行等时性全球对比,而应该通过各自独立的时间标尺来建立古气候变化的远距离联系。  相似文献   

Legume dreams: The contested futures of sustainable plant-based food systems in Europe     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

With the intensification of agriculture, the simplification of crop rotations, and the rise in demand for meat, dairy and cereal products, legume production and consumption are at an historic low in Europe. But as the environmental consequences of agriculture (biodiversity loss, high greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution) and the health outcomes of modern diets (heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity) become better known, so great and varied hopes are being expressed about the future role of legumes in the food system. This paper catalogues and scrutinises these hopes, mapping the promissory narratives now orbiting around legumes. It identifies six food futures, each of which is made possible through the greater use of legumes in various production, processing, marketing and consumption contexts. These promissory narratives are theorised as contrasting responses to three major areas of contestation in the food systems literature. Namely i) the sustainability of livestock management, ii) the role of technology in different visions of the ‘good diet’, and iii) the merits of different models for how to make agricultural management more sustainable. It identifies the promiscuity of legumes – in terms of the range of food futures they permit – before distilling three points of consensus amongst advocates of the potential of legumes. These points of consensus relate to their nitrogen fixing capacity, their high protein content, and their long-standing historical role in the context of European food and farming. This map of legume dreams serves to guide deliberations amongst researchers, policymakers and industry stakeholders about the futures of plant-based food in Europe.  相似文献