云南个旧老厂-卡房花岗岩体成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学约束   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18  

程彦博  毛景文 《地质学报》2008,82(11):1478-1493

在云南个旧地区发育大量与成矿时空密切相关的侵入岩。个旧东区的老厂-卡房花岗质岩体为一隐伏的花岗岩体,侵入于三叠纪个旧组灰岩和碳酸盐地层中,岩性主要为中细粒黑云母花岗岩,是个旧地区与成矿关系最为密切的花岗岩体之一。岩石的ACNK值大多在1.0以上,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;U、Th含量较高,应归属于HHP花岗岩;岩石类型属于S型花岗岩,但经历了高度的分异和演化;n(Rb)/n(Sn)- n(Rb)/n(Ba)与n(CaO)/n(Na2O)-n(Al2O3)/n(TiO2)图解均暗示岩石的源区性质为由粘土岩所派生的岩浆。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,老厂-卡房岩体形成于85±0.85Ma,相当于晚白垩世。根据区域地质和花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示个旧地区燕山晚期处于伸展构造背景。  相似文献   

Anthropogenic affects on lake sedimentation process: a case study from Lake Sapanca, NW Turkey     

Alper Gürbüz  Ömer Feyzi Gürer 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):299-307

Lake Sapanca in NW Turkey is a fault originated freshwater basin fed by seasonally variable flows of 15 streams. Considerations of lake–river interaction, supported by statistical measures of 47 bottom samples, suggest that sediment transport and deposition within the lake is controlled by two types of human constructed structures in addition to natural factors: (1) the dykes constructed in the front of streams, which feed the lake by strong flows, to prevent the filling of lakebed by coarse-grained sediments; (2) the constructed regulator on the outflowing Çarksuyu stream results in a higher sedimentation rate of clay-sized material on the NE corner of the lake, which is extraordinary in the shelf environment.  相似文献   

Beyond the numbers: Understanding the value of vegetation to rural livelihoods in Africa     

Thembela Kepe 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):958-968

Different types of vegetation found in local environments are of value to rural livelihoods of many African households. However, the dominant way of expressing this value, which is mainly through economic valuation studies, is potentially limiting this knowledge’s usefulness in policy and research, due to the inability to present full picture. Using literature review and insights from field work, the paper argues that realized and notional values of vegetation to rural livelihoods are socially constructed and contested, and - in addition to understanding local livelihood context, which include social difference, and ecological dynamics - a focus on social institutions as terrains of negotiation is crucial. This means that resource value in rural livelihoods can be realized through contested and negotiated access arrangements that are mediated by complex institutions at local and external levels.  相似文献   

Structural elements of the Makran region, Oman sea and their potential relevance to tsunamigenisis     

Mohammad Mokhtari  Iraj Abdollahie Fard  Khaled Hessami 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(2):185-199

The character of convergence along the Arabian–Iranian plate boundary changes radically eastward from the Zagros ranges to the Makran region. This appears to be due to collision of continental crust in the west, in contrast to subduction of oceanic crust in the east. The Makran subduction zone with a length of about 900 km display progressively older and highly deformed sedimentary units northward from the coast, together with an increase in elevation of the ranges. North of the Makran ranges are large subsiding basins, flanked to the north by active volcanoes. Based on 2D seismic reflection data obtained in this study, the main structural provinces and elements in the Gulf of Oman include: (i) the structural elements on the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate and, (ii) the Offshore Makran Accretionary Complex. Based on detailed analysis of these data on the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate five structural provinces and elements—the Musendam High, the Musendam Peneplain, the Musendam Slope, the Dibba Zone, and the Abyssal Plain have been identified. Further, the Offshore Makran Accretionary Complex shown is to consist Accretionary Prism and the For-Arc Basin, while the Accretionary Prism has been subdivided into the Accretionary Wedge and the Accreted/Colored Mélange. Lastly, it is important to note that the Makran subduction zone lacks the trench. The identification of these structural elements should help in better understanding the seismicity of the Makran region in general and the subduction zone in particular. The 1945 magnitude 8.1 tsunamigenic earthquake of the Makran and some other historical events are illustrative of the coastal region’s vulnerability to future tsunami in the area, and such data should be of value to the developing Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System.  相似文献   

云南罗平中三叠世安尼期生物群的发现及其意义   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

张启跃  周长勇  吕涛  谢韬  楼雄英  刘伟  孙媛媛  江新胜 《地质论评》2008,54(4):523-526

本文介绍了云南罗平地区新发现的罗平生物群的产出层位、生物面貌、保存特征、古地理位置及其研究意义。该生物群产于关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中,地层对比和化石鉴定表明其时代为中三叠世安尼期,以鱼类为主,伴生有爬行类、两栖类（？）、棘皮动物、节肢动物（甲壳类、昆虫等）、双壳类、腹足类以及植物化石;化石保存完好,分布广泛,埋藏方式独特。罗平生物群无论在丰度、分异度及化石保存上都极为罕见和独特,对研究埋藏学、古生态学、古地理以及三叠纪海洋生物尤其是海生爬行类都具有极为重要的意义。  相似文献   

中祁连东段什川杂岩基的岩石化学特征及年代学研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

陈隽璐  徐学义  曾佐勋  肖林  王洪亮  王宗起  肖绍文 《岩石学报》2008,24(4)

祁连造山带被托菜南山-了高山构造带及宗务隆山-贵得构造带分为北祁连、中祁连及南祁连构造带。什川岩基位于中祁连构造带东部,由闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、二长花岗岩组成;对二长花岗岩进行U-Pb单颗粒锆石微区LA-ICP-MS同位素测定,获得444.6Ma及414.3Ma两组加权平均年龄,前者代表岩石的形成年龄,后者代表构造热事件年龄。二长花岗岩主量元素W(SiO_2)=68.66%～80.77%,w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)>1和A/CNK介于0.95～1.21间,总体为钾质钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。岩石富集LILE元素(K、Th、Rb、Ba等),亏损HFSE元素(Ta、Nb、Y等);稀土元素总量较高(∑REE多介于109.05×10~(-6)～322.66×10~(-6)),轻重稀土强烈分馏(∑LREE/∑HREE介于7.92～31.68),稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集型,具中等-强Eu负异常(δEu=0.26～0.58)。岩石矿物组合及岩石地球化学特征共同表明,什川岩基为中上地壳泥砂质岩石部分熔融而成,形成温度较低,为加厚地壳拆沉熔融成因。这为祁连造山带构造演化及其深部动力学机制研究提供了新的资料。  相似文献   

黑龙江省金厂金矿床J0矿体流体地球化学研究   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

张宇  赖勇  卿敏  王艳忠  徐佳佳 《岩石学报》2008,24(5)

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿床是最新发现的特大型金矿床,目前探获黄金资源量86吨,它位于中亚造山带东端的吉黑成矿带,是与中生代中酸性岩浆活动有关的复杂成矿系统,矿化类型可能包括了斑岩型、爆破角砾岩型、浅成低温热液型.研究表明,高丽沟J0号矿体为爆破角砾岩型,热液成矿过程经历了早、中、晚3个阶段,分别形成以石英-黄铁矿、多金属硫化物-石英和碳酸盐为代表的矿物组合,中阶段矿物含自然金最多,次为早阶段矿物.初始成矿流体系统为高温、高盐度、高氧逸度、富CO2的岩浆热液;经减压沸腾,CO2等挥发分大量逸出,流体温度、盐度和氧逸度下降,导致大量金属硫化物及自然金快速沉淀;大气降水混入导致晚阶段流体低温、低盐度、贫CO2,对成矿贡献甚微.总体而言,成矿流体盐度高(11.70%～37.81%NaCl.eq),成矿作用发生在中-高温(238.3～425.7℃)的浅成环境(深633m～2736m).岩浆-流体成矿系统富CO2应发育于大陆碰撞造山带的伸展构造背景,而非大洋板块俯冲诱发的岩浆弧背景.  相似文献   

滇西北雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

冷成彪  张兴春  秦朝建  王守旭  任涛  王外全 《岩石学报》2008,24(9):2017-2028

雪鸡坪中型斑岩铜矿床位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧,成矿斑岩为石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩,属于印支期产物。含矿岩体蚀变分带明显,由中心向外发育强硅化带→石英绢云母化带→粘土化-石英绢云母化带→青磐岩化带,工业矿体赋存于斑岩体中心强硅化和石英绢云母化带内。矿化类型以网脉状矿化为主,细脉浸染状矿化不发育。本文对主要矿化阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体系统进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究,发现与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为水溶液包裹体、CO2包裹体和含子矿物包裹体3类,子矿物主要为石盐、方解石、赤铁矿和少量CaCl2水合物及不透明硫化物。其中含子矿物包裹体均一温度为230～420℃,盐度为33．48％～75．40％NaCl equiv．,密度为1．01～1．09g／cm^3。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分为H2O和CO2。早期水溶液包裹体和CO2包裹体共生,其均一温度相近,以及纯CO2包裹体的发现,指示成矿流体存在不混溶现象,这种不混溶是由原始岩浆流体“二次沸腾”作用产生的。CO2相分离、温压条件降低和pH值升高是雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿硫化物沉淀的主要原因。晚期低温、低盐度的流体可能来源于大气降水与岩浆流体的混和,对矿化的意义不大。  相似文献   

南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴增茂  陈登俊  温之平 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z2)

根据热带西太平洋卫星云图资料及流场特征分析,讨论了南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)的演变特征和形成机理。提出SPCZ是反映西太暖池同东太冷舌海气耦合系统以及暖池大气同相邻陆区大气间相互作用的重要特征。主要表现为在12～2月的热带西太平洋上的NW/SE辐合带,其形成原因主要应归因于西太暖池本身,以及暖池与东太赤道冷水舌强度与相对位置改变引发的Walker环流位置与走向的变动,另外,新几内亚岛及澳洲大陆也有重要影响。  相似文献   

The Agulhas Ridge, South Atlantic: The Peculiar Structure of a Fracture Zone     

Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben  Karsten Gohl 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(3-4):305-319

The Agulhas Ridge is a prominent topographic feature that parallels the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). Seismic reflection and wide angle/refraction data have led to the classification of this feature as a transverse ridge. Changes in spreading rate and direction associated with ridge jumps, combined with asymmetric spreading within the Agulhas Basin, modified the stress field across the fracture zone. Moreover, passing the Agulhas Ridge’s location between 80 and 69 Ma, the Bouvet and Shona Hotspots may have supplied excess material to this part of the AFFZ thus altering the ridge’s structure. The low crustal velocities and overthickened crust of the northern Agulhas Ridge segment indicate a possible continental affinity that suggests it may be formed by a small continental sliver, which was severed off the Maurice Ewing Bank during the opening of the South Atlantic. In early Oligocene times the Agulhas Ridge was tectono-magmatically reactivated, as documented by the presence of basement highs disturbing and disrupting the sedimentary column in the Cape Basin. We consider the Discovery Hotspot, which distributes plume material southwards across the AAFZ, as a source for the magmatic material.  相似文献