简析城市地貌环境脆弱带   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

刁承泰  张友刚 《热带地理》1998,18(1):50-52,93

论述了城市地貌的脆弱性,分析了其脆弱带的特点,认为环境的变异敏感度高、持续利用性降低和对灾变的承受弹性减小是城市地貌环境脆弱带的重要特征。  相似文献   

市域城镇化土地利用扩展机制与规律分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘彦随 《热带地理》1998,18(4):372-377

以乐清市为例,对沿海经济发达区县域城镇化带型扩展的动因机制及其规律进行了初步探讨,并通过运用城镇化综合度指标,在城镇体系结构研究的基础上,建立了县域城镇化扩展域模型。揭示了城镇化带型发展与区域经济实力和人口规模之间的相关性。对于城镇建设规划决策,实现土地利用优化配置目标具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

城市区域屋顶上与地上的风速和温度特征分析   总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12  

张一平  彭贵芬 《地理科学》1998,18(1):45-52

以低纬的城市昆明为研究对象,利用城内外屋顶上和地上的风速和温度实测资料,分析了研究较少的,做为城市第二热力面的屋顶面附近的风度温特征,变化规律及其与地上的差异,得到了一些有益的结果。  相似文献   

城乡交错带人地系统的特征及其演变机制分析   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26  

陈佑启  武伟 《地理科学》1998,18(5):418-424

城乡交错带位于城市与乡村交互作用的地带,是我国２１世纪人地关系最为紧张的地区。从区域的角度,揭示城乡交错带人地关系地域关系的特征,分析其动态演变机制,对该地区合理开发利用资源,协调人地矛盾,实现社会经济的可持续发展具有指导意义。  相似文献   

城市生态地貌学：介绍地貌学的一个新分支   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁锡祉 《云南地理环境研究》1990,2(2):42-47

城市生态地貌学是地理学的一个新分支,又是城市学、生态学、地貌学的边缘学科,它研究作为生态因子之一的地貌和其他各因子之间的关系以及在整个生态系统中的作用和地位。在城市生态地貌营力中,特别重视人为迭加地貌营力的作用。  相似文献   

Uncertainty assessment and analysis of the calibrated parameter values of an urban storm water quality model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric Gaume  Jean-Pierre Villeneuve  Michel Desbordes 《Journal of Hydrology》1998,210(1-4):38-50

  相似文献   

中国城市地理学近期进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

沈道齐  崔功豪 《地理学报》1990,(2)

中国城市地理学的兴盛时期始于70年代中期,至80年代进入历史以来最旺盛的发展时期。城市地理学主要研究城市体系、城市化、城市地域结构与具体的大小城镇。其重要的实践领域则主要通过城市规划和区域规划、国土规划。特别是70年代中期借助于我国城市规划工作的复兴,为城市地理学的发展提供了广阔的实践基础。  相似文献   

Historical influences on the current provision of multiple ecosystem services     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Ecosystem service provision varies temporally in response to natural and human-induced factors, yet research in this field is dominated by analyses that ignore the time-lags and feedbacks that occur within socio-ecological systems. The implications of this have been unstudied, but are central to understanding how service delivery will alter due to future land-use/cover change. Urban areas are expanding faster than any other land-use, making cities ideal study systems for examining such legacy effects. We assess the extent to which present-day provision of a suite of eight ecosystem services, quantified using field-gathered data, is explained by current and historical (stretching back 150 years) landcover. Five services (above-ground carbon density, recreational use, bird species richness, bird density, and a metric of recreation experience quality (continuity with the past) were more strongly determined by past landcover. Time-lags ranged from 20 (bird species richness and density) to over 100 years (above-ground carbon density). Historical landcover, therefore, can have a strong influence on current service provision. By ignoring such time-lags, we risk drawing incorrect conclusions regarding how the distribution and quality of some ecosystem services may alter in response to land-use/cover change. Although such a finding adds to the complexity of predicting future scenarios, ecologists may find that they can link the biodiversity conservation agenda to the preservation of cultural heritage, and that certain courses of action provide win-win outcomes across multiple environmental and cultural goods.  相似文献   

上海“7·31”局地强对流快速更新同化数值模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王晓峰  王平  张蕾  许晓林  李佳 《高原气象》2015,34(1):124-136

利用雷达、自动气象站、飞机观测(AMDAR)和探空等多种观测资料,采用中尺度数值预报模式WRF和资料同化系统ADAS,对2011年7月31日上海局地强对流过程进行了快速更新同化数值试验。结果表明,数值试验模拟降水的发生时间、落区和随时间演变与实况基本一致,较好再现了海陆热力差异导致上海南北两支海陆风爆发、形成低层辐合线,在热岛效应的叠加下进一步增强,继而引发局地强对流的过程。快速更新同化技术可有效延长此次过程的预警时效,这为城市强对流业务预报提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

Observed winds,turbulence, and dispersion in built-up downtown areas of Oklahoma City and Manhattan   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Steven Hanna  John White  Ying Zhou 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(3):441-468

Wind and tracer data from the Oklahoma City Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) and the Manhattan Madison Square Garden 2005 (MSG05) urban field experiments are being analyzed to aid in understanding air flow and dispersion near street-level in built-up downtown areas. The mean winds are separately calculated for groups of anemometers having similar exposures such as “near street level” and “on building top”. Several general results are found, such as the scalar wind speed at street level is about 1/3 of that at building top. Turbulent standard deviations of wind speed components and temperature, and vertical fluxes of momentum and sensible heat, are calculated from sonic anemometers near street level at 20 locations in JU2003 and five locations in MSG05, and from two rooftop locations in MSG05. The turbulence observations are consistent with observations in the literature at other cities, although the JU2003 and MSG05 data are unique in that many data are available near street level. For example, it is found that the local (i.e., at the measuring height) averages about 1.5 and the local averages about 0.25 in the two cities, where is the standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations, is the friction velocity, and u is the wind speed. The ratio of temperature fluctuations to temperature scale, , averages about −3 in both cities, consistent with similarity theory for slightly unstable conditions, where is the standard deviation of temperature fluctuations, and is the temperature scale. The calculated Obukhov length, L, is also consistent with slightly unstable conditions near street level, even at night during JU2003. The SF₆ tracer concentration observations from JU2003 are analyzed. Values of for the continuous releases are calculated for each release and arc distance, where is the 30-min average arc maximum concentration, Q is the continuous source emission rate, and u is the spatial-averaged wind speed in the downtown area. The basic characteristics of the JU2003 plot of averaged agree reasonably well with similar plots for other urban experiments in Salt Lake City and London (i.e., at . A is found to be about 3 during the day and about 10 during the night.  相似文献