利用InSAR短基线技术估计洛杉矶地区的地表时序形变和含水层参数   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

许文斌  李志伟  丁晓利  汪长城  冯光财 《地球物理学报》2012,55(2):452-461

美国南加州洛杉矶地区是自然和人为活动引起的地质构造活跃、石油及地下水抽取和回灌频繁的区域.本文利用19景ENVISAT ASAR降轨影像生成了71幅垂直基线小于300 m、时间间隔小于3年的解缠差分干涉图,并基于短基线集技术(SBAS),GPS和地下水水位数据估计了该区域2003年9月~2009年8月的地表时序形变及含水层贮水系数等物理参数.研究结果表明:(1)在InSAR干涉图中可以清楚的识别多处沉降明显的区域.例如,主要由于含水层地下水的抽取与回灌引起地表沉降的Pasadena盆地(~-2.5 cm/a)、San Gabriel流域(~-2 cm/a)、San Bernardino盆地(~-2.5 cm/a)、Pomona-Ontario盆地(~-4 cm/a)和Santa Ana盆地(~-2.5 cm/a),以及由石油抽取引起地面形变的Santa Fe Springs区域(~-1 cm/a)和Wilmington区域(~-1 cm/a)等;(2)InSAR时间序列形变与GPS投影在雷达视线方向上的形变结果具有较高的一致性,平均形变速率差异的均方差为0.39 cm/a;(3)InSAR时间序列形变与含水层地下水位的变化基本一致,并基于相关理论计算出了含水层的弹性贮水系数和非弹性贮水系数,分析了含水层的形变机理.  相似文献   

热水条件下花岗质糜棱岩的摩擦滑动实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任凤文  何昌荣 《地球物理学报》2014,57(3):877-883

为了探讨大陆地壳断层深部的力学性质,我们选择了采自红河断裂带的糜棱岩作为实验样品,进行热水条件下的高温高压摩擦滑动实验.实验在一个以气体为介质的高温高压三轴实验系统中进行.实验条件是：有效正应力为200 MPa;孔隙水压为30 MPa（在400 ℃到600 ℃之间为超临界水条件）;温度为100 ℃到600 ℃;轴向加载的速率范围从0.04 μm/s到0.2 μm/s再到1 μm/s.实验结果表明：（1）当温度小于300 ℃时,糜棱岩的摩擦强度随着温度的上升而增大;当温度大于300 ℃时,糜棱岩的摩擦强度随着温度的上升而减小.这种趋势和以往花岗岩的摩擦滑动数据基本一致;（2）糜棱岩在200 ℃和400 ℃时表现为速度弱化,其余温度下为速度强化;（3）糜棱岩与已有花岗岩的摩擦滑动数据并不完全一致;（4）花岗质糜棱岩速度弱化向速度强化转变的温度在430 ℃附近,以此我们可以推测：在变形机制为摩擦滑动的深部条件下,地震成核的深度范围可以比以往的估计更深.  相似文献   

我国工业布局的变化趋势   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

胡兆量 《地理学报》1986,(3)

解放以来,我国工业布局发生了重大的变化,积累了丰富的资料和经验。系统地分析、评价我国工业布局变化的规律和趋势是经济建设中的重大实践问题,也是经济地理学  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in Lake Taihu,a Shallow Subtropical Lake in China     

Yun Lin Zhang  Bo Qiang Qin  Wei Min Chen  Guang Wei Zhu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(4):315-323

The optical properties and spatial distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu were evaluated and compared to the results in literature. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 8.75 to 20.19 mg L^?1 with an average of (13.10 ± 3.51) mg L^?1. CDOM absorption coefficients a(λ) at 280 nm, 355 nm, and 440 nm were in the range 11.28...33.46 m^?1 (average (20.95 ± 5.52) m^?1), 2.42...7.90 m^?1 (average (4.92 ± 1.29) m^?1), and 0.65...2.44 m^?1 (average (1.46 ± 0.44) m^?1), respectively. In general, CDOM absorption coefficient and DOC concentration were found to decrease away from the river inflow to Meiliang Bay towards the lake center. The values of the DOC‐specific absorption coefficients a*(λ), given as absorption coefficient related to mass concentration of organic carbon (C) ranged from 0.28 to 0.47 L mg^?1 m^?1 at 355 nm. The determination coefficients between CDOM absorption and DOC concentration decreased with the increase of wavelength from 280 to 550 nm. The linear regression relationship between CDOM absorption at 280 nm and DOC concentration was following: a(280 nm) = 1.507 L mg^?1 m^?1 · DOC + 1.215 m^?1. The spectral slope S values were dependent on the wavelength range used in the regression. The estimated S values decreased with increasing wavelength range used. A significant negative linear relationship was found between CDOM absorption coefficients, DOC‐specific absorption coefficients and estimated S values especially in longer wavelength range. The linear regression relationship between DOC‐specific absorption coefficients at 440 nm and estimated S values during the wavelength range from 280 to 500 nm was following: a*(440 nm) = (–0.021 μm · S + 0.424) L mg^?1 m^?1.  相似文献   

质量吸收因子的经验公式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

秦绪峰  林联君  刘元会  房艳  房春晖 《盐湖研究》2005,13(4):38-42

采用非线性最小二乘法拟合获得了生物学、地学和化学上重要的18种元素的质量吸收因子经验公式μ/ρ=cλ3-dλ4-aλ2+bλ+e,其R2比0.9999更精确。并给出了系数及其适用的波长或能量范围,简单讨论了各系数与原子序数Z和原子量之间的关系。  相似文献   

湘江水系河水的地球化学特征   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

张立成  赵桂久  董文江  李健  曾北危 《地理学报》1987,(3)

本文讨论了湘江水系河水一些主要水化学指标的特征及其环境化学效应,计算了河水的化学稳定性指数和化学侵蚀速率,讨论了该水系重碳酸盐型河水的侵蚀及沉积平衡与总盐量的相关关系,还论证了河水的地球化学特征与水热条件和地质因素的关系。  相似文献   

Cone penetration-induced pore pressure distribution and dissipation     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The excess pore water pressure distribution (u) induced by the penetration of a piezocone into clay and its dissipation behaviour have been investigated by laboratory model tests, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Based on the results of the tests and the analysis, a semi-theoretical method has been proposed to predict the piezocone penetration-induced pore pressure distribution in the radial direction from the shoulder of the cone. The method can consider the effect of the undrained shear strength (s_u), over-consolidation ratio (OCR) and rigidity index (I_r) of the soil. With a reliably predicted initial distribution of u and the measured curve of dissipation of pore water pressure at the shoulder of the cone (u₂), the coefficient of consolidation of the soil in the horizontal direction (c_h) can be back-fitted by analysis of the pore pressure dissipation. Comparing the back-fitted values of c_h with the values directly estimated by a previously proposed method indicates that the previously proposed method can be used reliably to estimate c_h values from non-standard dissipation curves (where u₂ increases initially and then dissipates with time).  相似文献   

吹填超软土固结特性试验分析     

雷华阳  任倩  张文振  黄茂松  康景文 《工程地质学报》2014,22(6):1039-1045

为探讨吹填超软土的固结特性以及含水率与加荷比对次固结系数的影响规律,利用改装后的低压固结仪和常规的高压固结仪进行了分级加载固结试验。试验结果表明,正常沉积重塑土的固结系数随着固结压力的变化整体上呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,而超软土则表现为S型,即在低应力水平作用下,超软土的固结系数呈现下凹型增长; 之后随着固结压力的增加,固结系数近线性增长,但增量比逐渐减小。与正常沉积重塑土不同,超软土的次固结系数随着固结荷载的变化存在峰值; 加荷比对超软土次固结系数影响较大,较小的荷载增量可降低次固结系数; 超软土及正常沉积重塑土的次固结系数均表现为随含水率的增加而增加。  相似文献   

Multi-hazard susceptibility mapping based on Convolutional Neural Networks     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101425

Multi-hazard susceptibility prediction is an important component of disasters risk management plan. An effective multi-hazard risk mitigation strategy includes assessing individual hazards as well as their interactions. However, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, multi-hazard susceptibility prediction techniques based on machine learning has encountered a huge bottleneck. In order to effectively solve this problem, this study proposes a multi-hazard susceptibility mapping framework using the classical deep learning algorithm of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). First, we use historical flash flood, debris flow and landslide locations based on Google Earth images, extensive field surveys, topography, hydrology, and environmental data sets to train and validate the proposed CNN method. Next, the proposed CNN method is assessed in comparison to conventional logistic regression and k-nearest neighbor methods using several objective criteria, i.e., coefficient of determination, overall accuracy, mean absolute error and the root mean square error. Experimental results show that the CNN method outperforms the conventional machine learning algorithms in predicting probability of flash floods, debris flows and landslides. Finally, the susceptibility maps of the three hazards based on CNN are combined to create a multi-hazard susceptibility map. It can be observed from the map that 62.43% of the study area are prone to hazards, while 37.57% of the study area are harmless. In hazard-prone areas, 16.14%, 4.94% and 30.66% of the study area are susceptible to flash floods, debris flows and landslides, respectively. In terms of concurrent hazards, 0.28%, 7.11% and 3.13% of the study area are susceptible to the joint occurrence of flash floods and debris flow, debris flow and landslides, and flash floods and landslides, respectively, whereas, 0.18% of the study area is subject to all the three hazards. The results of this study can benefit engineers, disaster managers and local government officials involved in sustainable land management and disaster risk mitigation.  相似文献