Confronting Power and Environmental Injustice: Legacy Pollution and the Timber Industry in Southern Mississippi     

Heather K. Sanchez  Alison E. Adams  Thomas E. Shriver 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(3):347-361

Research has documented how grass-roots activists deploy the environmental justice frame to convey their grievances and demand their right to health and safety. While scholars have highlighted the widespread success of this frame, little attention has been paid to instances where the environmental justice frame fails to resonate. Drawing from social movements and environmental justice literatures, we examine how local discursive and cultural contexts can pose barriers to environmental justice claims. Our case is based on legacy pollution from a decommissioned creosote facility in Southern Mississippi. When black residents discovered the pollution in their neighborhood, they made repeated appeals to authorities for remediation and compensation. After being denied inclusion in a lawsuit filed by white residents, they formed an environmental justice organization to mobilize support for their campaign. Findings reveal the importance of both historical contextualization and the social situation of frame deployers in analyses of the environmental justice frame.  相似文献   

内蒙古地区下垫面变化对土壤湿度数值模拟的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋海清  李云鹏  师春香  于燕  孙小龙  杨晓华  吴昊 《大气科学》2016,40(6):1165-1181

利用第二次全国土壤调查土壤质地数据（SNSS）和中国区域陆地覆盖资料（CLCV）将陆面过程模式CLM3.5（Community Land Model version 3.5）中基于联合国粮食农业组织发展的土壤质地数据（FAO）和MODIS卫星反演的陆地覆盖数据（MODIS）进行了替换,使用中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS）大气强迫场资料,分别驱动基于同时改进土壤质地和陆地覆盖数据的CLM3.5（CLM-new）、基于只改进陆地覆盖数据的CLM3.5（CLM-clcv）、基于只改进土壤质地数据的CLM3.5（CLM-snss）和基于原始下垫面数据的CLM3.5（CLM-ctl）,对内蒙古地区2011～2013年土壤湿度的时空变化进行模拟试验,研究下垫面改进对CLM3.5模拟土壤湿度的影响。将四组模拟结果与46个土壤水分站点观测数据进行对比分析,结果表明:相对于控制试验,CLM-clcv、CLM-snss和CLM-new都能不同程度地改进土壤湿度模拟,其中CLM-clcv主要在呼伦贝尔改进明显,CLM-snss则在除呼伦贝尔以外的大部地区改进显著,CLM-ctl模拟的土壤湿度在各层上均系统性偏大,而CLM-new模拟土壤湿度最好地反映出内蒙古地区观测的土壤湿度的时空变化特征,显著改善了土壤湿度的模拟,体现在与观测值有着更高的相关系数和更小的平均偏差与均方根误差。  相似文献   

热带平流层CO浓度准两年振荡的位相变化特征     

王春晓  田文寿 《大气科学》2017,41(2):275-288

利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪（MLS）资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳（CO）体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡（QBO）在30 hPa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 hPa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 hPa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。  相似文献   

Vegetation of Mangroves： Spatial and Temporal Pattern of itsDominant Populations in Futian National Nature Reserve     

LiZhenji ZhengWenjiao YangZhiwei LinYiming LinPeng 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):40-53

The community characteristics of mangroves in the Futian Nature Reserve,Shenzhen, China are given based on surveying of 33 quadrats in 4 transects which stretch from the higher tidal zone to the lower tidal zone. The results show that there are 6 community types in this area: Kandelia candel association, Avicennia marina association, A egiceras corniculatum association, Kandelia candel Aegiceras corniculatum association,degiceras corniculatum Kandelia candel association and Acanthus ilicifolius association.Kandelia candel, degiceras corniculatum and dvicennia marina dominate the typicalquadrats. Kandelia candel can be seen at almost all quadrats, Aegiceras corniculatumdistributes mostly toward the estuary and the higher tidal zone, Avicennia marina distributesmostly toward the bay and the lower tidal zone, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza occasionally occurs toward the Estuary with one or several individuals, Acanthus ilicifolius was common towardthe higher tidal zone, as an accompanying species, Derris trifoliata was common in manymature ouadrats. Totallv. 6 snecies of man~rove plants and 3 soecies of semi-mangrove plants appear in this research area. From the higher tidal zone to the lower tidal zone, the average diameter and basal area of mangrove trees increase gradually. According to the results, the dvicennia marina dominates in average diameter and basal area, and the degicerascorniculatum trees are on the contrary. From the transect ! to the transect 4, the importance value ot dvicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel decreases, and degiceras corniculatum increases. In this area, the Kandelia candel population and Ae giceras corniculatum population are developing populations with many seedlings and saplings, but the Avicennia marina population is in a mature stage with few seedlings and not so many total individuals. According to this research, we suppose that Aegiceras corniculatum should be developed toward the estuary and the dvicennia marina association should be protected.  相似文献   

大管岛礁区潮下带大型底栖海藻群落的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾晓起 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(3):52-58

1990年5月和11月对大管岛礁区潮下带大型底栖海藻进行了两次定量调查。共采到23种大型海藻，其群落构成以红藻类占优。海藻种类的区系温度性质属明显的温水性区系。5月份平均生物量为240．939／m2，11月份平均生物量为164．399／m2。两季度月都以岛西侧的D7断面平均生物量最高，分别为820．159／m2和472．509／m2。就垂直分布而言，1—2米水层内海藻分布密度最高，达527．549／m2。优势种为海蒿子和石花菜。  相似文献   

Community Structure of Soft-Bottom Macrobenthos of the Newport Submarine Canyon, California     

D. Maurer  G. Robertson  T. Gerlinger 《Marine Ecology》1995,16(1):57-72

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Variation in mesozooplankton community structure in the Japan/East Sea (1991–1999) with possible influence of the ENSO scale climatic variability     

Sanae Chiba  Toshiro Saino   《Progress in Oceanography》2003,57(3-4):317

Seasonal and interannual change in mesozooplankton community structure in the offshore Tsushima Current area of the Japan/East Sea was studied in relation to climatic events and temporal variability of the upper water column environment from 1991 to 1999. We observed a clear seasonal succession in zooplankton community structure from a cold-water copepod-dominated community in winter and spring to a gelatinous, carnivorous and warm-water copepod-dominated community in summer and autumn. The mean abundance (inds. m⁻³) of the spring community was 3–4-fold higher than that of the other season. The spring community structure varied considerably between years: the community characterized by the summer–autumn type zooplankton assemblage appeared in 1991–1993 and 1998, while the community characterized by high abundance of cold-water copepods appeared in the mid 1990s. Time series profiles of water density and nutrients showed the thickness of the surface warm Tsushima Current and the cold subsurface water increased and decreased, respectively, limiting nutrient supply to the surface water in 1992 and 1998. These results suggest that a thick, warm surface layer might reduce the reproductive success and survival ratio of the cold-water copepods both directly and indirectly, by hindering their upward migration to the surface where food is available, and by limiting phytoplankton growth due to nutrient depletion, respectively. A Monsoon Index (MOI) showed weaker winter wind stress in 1992 and 1998, which might have attenuated formation of the cold subsurface layer in the northern Japan/East Sea and been responsible for surface warming of the study area. Since 1992 and 1998 were El Niño years, this study revealed that ENSO related climatic variability on an interannual time scale considerably influenced the lower trophic level ecosystem in the Japan/East Sea.  相似文献   

2001/2002年夏季南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的浮游植物   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

孙军  刘东艳  宁修仁  刘诚刚 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(5):519-532

报道了 2 0 0 1 /2 0 0 2年夏季南极普里兹湾邻近海域 3 7个大面测站浮游植物的调查结果。经初步鉴定共有浮游植物 3门 3 7属 86种 ,其中硅藻在种类和细胞丰度上占绝对优势 ,其次为甲藻。主要优势种为克格伦拟脆杆藻 (Fragilariopsiskerguelensis)、细条伪菱形藻 (Pseu do nitzschialineola)、短拟脆杆藻 (Fragilariopsiscurta)和赖氏束盒藻 (Trichotoxonreinboldii)等南极特有种类和常见种类。调查区浮游植物分为两个群集 ,分布在 6 7°S以南的普里兹湾内的群集主要以克格伦拟脆杆藻、短拟脆杆藻、胡克星脐藻 (Asteromphalushookeri)和南极弯角藻 (Eu campiaantarctica)等南极特有种类和常见种类为主 ;分布在 6 7°S以北的大洋海域的群集主要以细条伪菱形藻、赖氏束盒藻、拟膨胀伪菱形藻 (Pseudo nitzschiaturgiduloides)和羽状环毛藻(Corethronpennatum)等南极常见种为主。调查区浮游植物的平均细胞丰度为 (8796± 2 92 85 )ind/L ,细胞多分布于海水的表层 ,密集区分布在 6 7°S以南的普里兹湾内 ,浮游植物的细胞丰度同硝酸盐的浓度密切相关。调查区浮游植物的多样性程度是低的。  相似文献   

Foregone harvests and neoliberal policies: Creating opportunities for rural,small-scale,community-based fisheries in southern Alaskan coastal villages     

《Marine Policy》2015

Neoliberal policies of effort limitation and privatization have reduced commercial salmon and other fishing opportunities available to the coastal, predominantly Alaska Native, villages of southern Alaska. However, there are a variety of circumstances, including the manner in which the current commercial fishery is prosecuted, that lead to surpluses of unharvested salmon, and potentially other species, available in certain areas. This paper will define the concept of “foregone harvests”, discuss the environmental and managerial conditions that lead to “foregone harvests” and describe the possibilities such conditions create for the development of small-scale, local and community-based fisheries. Case studies of possible Huna Tlingit (Hoonah) and Kaigani Haida (Hydaburg) salmon fisheries will be presented. Alternative arrangements of salmon fisheries and institutions in southeast Alaska are presented through case studies of the villages of Yakutat and Metlakatla. These examples demonstrate how such fisheries could be built on local and traditional knowledge, as well as currently used subsistence technologies resulting in new economic opportunities compatible with local cultural patterns and interests and buttressing local identities and commitments.  相似文献   

人类活动排放的CO₂及气溶胶对20世纪70年代末中国东部夏季降水年代际转折的影响     

王欢  李栋梁 《气象学报》2019,77(2):327-345

全球变暖背景下,中国东部夏季降水在20世纪70年代末开始较19世纪呈现东北及长江中、下游地区多雨,华北及华南少雨的特征。与此同时,人类活动排放的CO₂及气溶胶量也发生了明显的年代际变化。文中利用地球系统耦合模式（CESM）诊断了中国东部夏季的水分收支对人类活动排放的CO₂及气溶胶年代际变化的响应。发现CO₂排放量增加后,江淮流域的水汽辐合以及中国南方的水汽辐散主要是与质量辐散有关的动力项及与湿度梯度相关的热力项共同作用的结果,但动力作用更显著。气溶胶效应则主要通过动力作用使得江淮流域水汽辐合,而中国南方地区水汽辐散。虽然CO₂和气溶胶对辐射量及温度的影响差别很大,但通过改变温度梯度,热成风效应产生的动力作用都会导致江淮流域上升运动增强,降水增多;而中国南方下沉运动显著,降水减少,与观测结果一致,且CO₂相较于气溶胶的影响更为显著,证实了20世纪70年代末人类活动对中国东部夏季降水年代际转折的影响。   相似文献