Chemical Aspects of Fractional Crystallization of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Produced from Waste Fats     

Taher Sahlabji  Hubertus Wichmann  Heike Dieckmann  Petra Jopke  Müfit Bahadir 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(4):323-328

Fractional crystallization of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced from waste cooking oil or animal fats was performed in a laboratory-scale facility. The raw esters and the “winterization” products were analyzed by determining the FAME pattern, iodine and peroxide numbers as well as oxidation stabilities and element concentrations. Fractionation experiments under air and nitrogen were conducted, but no differences concerning oxidative stability were observed. By improvement of the winterization and washing the filtration residue with methanol, the enrichment of saturated FAME in one step was raised up to a technically sufficient rate of 85%. Absorption of oxygen by FAME at different temperatures was measurable. Volatile decomposition products were registrated after heating the FAME at different temperatures. It was shown that antioxidants like butylhydroxytoluene or α-tocopherol were enriched in the phase of unsaturated FAME. This effect obviously affected the oxidative stability of the fraction of saturated FAME during winterization, although no oxidative damage of FAME was detectable at temperatures up to 20°C.  相似文献   

秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带白垩纪以来的抬升冷却史——低温年代学数据约束   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11  

胡圣标 郝杰付明希  吴维平汪集旸 《岩石学报》2005,21(4):1167-1173

总计100个新的磷灰石裂变径迹数据提供了从整体上探讨晚中生代以来抬升冷却史的年代学数据。这些切过东秦岭至黄陵背斜、穿过桐柏至扬子前陆冲断带以及大别和苏鲁超高压变质岩带,南秦岭的裂变径迹年龄与扬子内的黄陵背斜相似,而北秦岭则与桐柏-大别-苏鲁相当。从北秦岭到大别,裂变径迹年龄趋于减小,但过郯庐断裂到苏鲁则略有增加。与我国西部造山带裂变径迹年龄格局相较,桐柏-大别-苏鲁带与西部各造山带显然不是处于同一挤压变形体制下。相对于超高压岩石早期快速的阶段性抬升,即岩浆活动期(～120Ma)后的抬升要和缓得多;相对于其它地质单元,扬子前陆冲断带、黄陵背斜和南秦岭在岩浆活动期后即抬升冷却到了磷灰石裂变径迹封闭温度(～110℃)对应的深度。基于裂变径迹数据和相关Ar/Ar 和 K-Ar 数据进行的冷却史模拟结果显示:全区均表现为相似的三阶段冷却过程:(1)白垩纪早期开始快速抬升至磷灰石裂变径迹退火带的冷却阶段;(2)随后的处于部分退火带的缓慢冷却阶段;(3)上新世以来的加速抬升过程。现今的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄格局基本上受控于白垩纪的快速抬升冷却事件,但最后为晚期活动断裂所定格。  相似文献   

Isotopic equilibration ages for the Miyanohara tonalite from the Higo metamorphic belt in central Kyushu, Southwest Japan: Implications for the tectonic setting during the Triassic     

Atsushi Kamei  Masaaki Owada  Takuji Hamamoto  Yasuhito Osanai  Masaki Yuhara and  Hiroo Kagami 《Island Arc》2000,9(1):97-112

Abstract Miyanohara tonalite occurs in the middle part of the Higo metamorphic belt in the central Kyushu, Southwest Japan. This tonalite intrudes into early Permian Ryuhozan metamorphic rocks in the south and is intruded by Cretaceous Shiraishino granodiorite in the north. The Miyanohara tonalite yielded three mineral ages: (i) 110–100 Ma for Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr internal isochrons and for K–Ar hornblende; (ii) 183 Ma for Sm–Nd internal isochron; and (iii) 211 Ma for Sm–Nd internal isochron. The ages of 110–100 Ma may indicate cooling age due to the thermal effect of the Shiraishino granodiorite intrusion. The ages of 183 Ma and 211 Ma are consistent with timing of intrusion of the Miyanohara tonalite based on geologic constraints. The hornblende in the sample which gave 183 Ma shows discontinuous zoning under microscope, whereas the one which gave 211 Ma does not show zonal structure. These mineralogical features suggest that the 183 Ma sample has suffered severely from later tectonothermal effect compared with the 211 Ma sample. Therefore, the age of 211 Ma is regarded as near crystallization age for the Miyanohara tonalite. The magmatic process, geochronology and initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios for the Miyanohara tonalite are similar to those of early Jurassic granites from the Outer Plutonic Zone of the Hida belt that constitutes a marginal part of east Asia before the opening of the Japan Sea. Intrusion of the Miyanohara tonalite is considered to have taken place in the active continental margin during the late Triassic.  相似文献   

TWO EPISODES OF MONAZITE CRYSTALLIZATION DURING METAMORPHISM AND CRUSTAL MELTING IN THE EVEREST REGION OF THE NEPALESE HIMALAYA   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Robert L. Simpson  Randall R. Parrish  Mike P. Searle  David J. Waters WT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

TWO EPISODES OF MONAZITE CRYSTALLIZATION DURING METAMORPHISM AND CRUSTAL MELTING IN THE EVEREST REGION OF THE NEPALESE HIMALAYA  相似文献   

玄武岩成分区熔体结构的Raman光谱研究     

王卫锋谭劲  张德王青建  田靖民田世德 《地球科学》2004,29(1):39-44

采用半导体脉冲激光光源和时间分辨探测技术, 对Ab -An -Di相图同结线附近处于玄武岩成分区的2个硅酸盐样品进行了升温过程的Raman光谱研究.研究了该成分区域中玻璃-晶体-熔体高温下的相转变、升温过程及其熔体的特征光谱的变化特点.发现高温熔体结构与低温玻璃结构存在明显区别, 晶体对熔体结构有继承性.同时观察到了Ab12 An3 6Di52在熔态时的分相作用, 可能反映了该组分液态不混溶的发生.通过对高频区的解谱, 初步探索了体系中各结构单元的种类及含量与温度的关系.   相似文献   

津巴布韦哈特利(Hartley)铂矿床地质特征及成因          下载免费PDF全文

龚鹏辉  刘晓阳  王杰  任军平  许康康  左立波  孙凯  刘宇 《地质找矿论丛》2015,30(S1):98-103

文章对产于津巴布韦大岩墙内的哈特利(Hartley)铂矿床的地质特征和成因进行研究。津巴布韦大岩墙于新太古代侵入,在津巴布韦克拉通内形成南北段次级岩浆房格局。哈特利铂矿的铂族元素主要分布在杂岩体的中下部,与硫化物密切相关,主要含矿矿物为铋、碲矿物。在岩浆侵位的过程中发生结晶分异,形成了铂族元素和硫化物的垂向分带。哈特利矿床与中国金川等铂族元素矿床相比,其成岩成矿时代早,矿床特征、成矿元素组合方面均有明显不同。  相似文献   

南方湿热区产脲酶菌固化海砂的碳酸钙结晶效果研究     

黄明  张瑾璇  刘子健  许凯 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):716-722

从南方湿热区自然环境中分离得到一株产脲酶矿化菌,并将其高产突变株应用到海砂室内MICP灌浆试验,结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、拉曼（Raman）对固化后的产物进行细观形貌观测。通过分析碳酸钙的形貌、尺寸、空间分布、结晶状态等基本特征现象,初步探究南方湿热区产脲酶菌在碳酸钙结晶生长方面的调控作用及其固化土体的作用效果。结果表明：南方湿热区产脲酶菌固化土体具有可行性,但碳酸钙晶体形貌并不均一,晶体晶化过程、生物调控作用及土体结构均会对碳酸钙的生成情况造成影响;碳酸钙从无序到有序、分散到聚集、不稳定到稳定,最终生长聚集为完整的结构,在生长空间充足的环境下,碳酸钙更倾向于形成聚集体。研究结论可为进一步研究不同产脲酶菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀的作用过程与调控机制提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

实验室合成石盐包裹体的均一温度以及古气候意义   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

孟凡巍  倪培  葛晨东  王天刚  王国光  刘吉强  赵超 《岩石学报》2011,27(5):1543-1547

石盐是表生环境下形成蒸发岩系的主要矿物,在形成过程中捕获大量的原生包裹体。通过低温冷冻测温技术,可以得到石盐中原生包裹体的一系列均一温度,如何正确理解这些数据是应用石盐原生包裹体恢复古气候的关键。石盐沉积可以发生在气水界面以及水体底部,其均一温度记录了卤水结晶的温度。Lowenstein et al. (1998) 曾经用水浴法在恒定水温下合成了人工合成石盐,进行原生包裹体的均一温度研究,然而如何用水温来恢复古气温是古环境解释的关键。本次实验通过40℃下(气温,烘箱中蒸发)人工合成石盐,在岩相学观察基础上,对形成于气水界面漏斗晶中的包裹体和在底水沉积人字晶中的包裹体的均一温度进行低温冷冻测温法测定。测温过程中石盐包裹体可以得到一系列均一温度(10.6~39.9℃),而只有最大均一温度才能反映卤水结晶时的温度,两种类型的包裹体也显示了相似的最大均一温度。因此在浅水环境下,两种包裹体都可以用来反映古气温。  相似文献   

甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩浆硫化物含矿岩体岩浆演化过程探讨     

李士彬  宋谢炎  胡瑞忠  陈列锰 《现代地质》2011,25(4):703-711

金川矿床是我国最大的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,岩体主要由硫化物橄榄岩、含辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩相组成。以金川Ⅱ号岩体为例,根据岩相学观察和常量元素、微量元素地球化学特征的分析,试图对岩浆上升过程中的演化分异进行深入探讨,发现金川Ⅱ号岩体岩浆结晶分异演化过程主要包括深部岩浆房中尖晶石—橄榄石的分离结晶和浅部岩浆房辉石与斜长石的结晶,而地壳物质的同化混染发生在岩浆上升的整个过程,地壳物质的同化混染是导致母岩浆中硫饱和的主要因素。该岩浆分异演化过程间接支持了汤中立提出的"深部分异-熔离,依次贯入"成矿模式。  相似文献   

Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage     

Matthieu?AngeliEmail author  Jean-Philippe?Bigas  David?Benavente  Beatriz?Menéndez  Ronan?Hébert  Christian?David 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):205-213

The objective of this study is to understand and predict the alteration of porous rock by crystallization of salts. Samples of different rocks have been tested according to the EN 12370 standard test. Two parameters are proposed to evaluate the alteration of a rock during these tests. The alteration index AI represents the cycle in which the first damages occur. The alteration velocity AV represents the alteration rate at the end of the experiment, when the decay has become regular. These parameters can be estimated with the help of a microstructural study of the rocks. The most relevant intrinsic parameters of the stones for this estimation are capillary coefficient, evaporation coefficient, tensile strength and P-waves velocity. An evaluation of the alteration pattern is also proposed depending on the eventual heterogeneities and anisotropies of the rocks. The influence of the dimension and shape of the samples is also discussed.  相似文献