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1.
基于一种脆性指标确定岩石残余强度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石的残余强度是岩石力学的重要指标,准确地评价岩石残余强度对于评价地下工程的稳定性以及优化岩体支护设计具有重要意义。基于岩石的三轴力学特性提出一种表征岩石峰后强度衰减行为的力学指标--岩石强度衰减系数,该指标可反映岩石的脆性程度,并提出岩石强度衰减系数与围压关系的幂函数模型。对22组不同成因的岩石常规三轴压缩试验数据进行幂函数模型参数拟合,发现不同岩石拟合所得参数离散性较大,分析其原因主要与岩石矿物组成和岩石结构特征等因素相关。在此基础上提出基于强度衰减方法确定岩石残余强度的方法,分析表明,该方法能够很好地拟合岩石残余强度试验数据,并能反映岩石结构性质对残余强度的影响。 相似文献
2.
黏土化蚀变岩是在岩浆期后热液作用或后期水热作用下形成的具有不良工程地质性质的特殊地质体.在野外调查、黏土矿物测试和物理力学试验分析的基础上,阐述了川藏交通廊道黏土化蚀变岩的形成条件、区域分布特征、地质特征及蚀变程度的判据,以白格滑坡为例揭示了黏土化蚀变岩对大型滑坡的促滑作用.结果表明,黏土化蚀变岩的区域分布受活动断裂、热液作用和地层岩性控制,常沿侵入岩脉、断裂带、岩浆岩节理密集带、侵入岩体与其他岩层的接触带等部位发育,其蚀变程度按蚀变系数可划分为微蚀变、弱蚀变、中等蚀变和强蚀变4个等级,在干湿交替和松弛条件下极易发生崩解、软化,中等-强蚀变的岩体抗剪强度低.黏土化蚀变岩对滑坡的促滑作用主要体现在强度弱化效应、岩体结构劣化效应及失稳滞后效应3个方面,是促进构造混杂岩带深切河谷斜坡失稳、形成大型滑坡不可忽视的重要因素. 相似文献
3.
Due to the insufficiency of the previous damage constitutive model for rock, an improved damage mechanics model for rock is proposed with characterising the crack closure effect. Otherwise, the effective methods of determining the model parameters and crack closure coefficient are proposed. The results represent that the model can reflect the damage evolution of rocks in the deformation process in the crack closure stage and this improved model is more reasonable than the previous model. Crack closure coefficient also has great effect on distribution parameters. The calculation formula of damage energy dissipation rate considered that crack closure effect is derived and the relationships between damage energy dissipation rate and crack closure coefficient are analysed. Crack closure coefficient has great effect on damage dissipation energy rate. Damage energy dissipation rate increases with the decrease of crack closure coefficient and damage energy dissipation rate increases quickly in the post-peak stage. 相似文献
4.
Abdolazim Azimian 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(2):321-333
Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of an intact rock is an important geotechnical parameter for engineering applications. Using standard laboratory tests to determine UCS is a difficult, expensive and time-consuming task. The main purpose of this study is to develop a general model for predicting UCS of limestone samples and to investigate the relationships among UCS, Schmidt hammer rebound and P-wave velocity (V P). For this reason, some samples of limestone rocks were collected from the southwestern Iran. In order to evaluate a correlation, the measured and predicted values were examined utilizing simple and multivariate regression techniques. In order to check the performance of the proposed equation, coefficient of determination (R 2), root-mean-square error, mean absolute percentage error, variance accounts for (VAF %), Akaike Information Criterion and performance index were determined. The results showed that the proposed equation by multivariate regression could be applied effectively to predict UCS from its combinations, i.e., ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer hardness. The results also showed that considering high prediction performance of the models developed, they can be used to perform preliminary stages of rock engineering assessments. It was evident that such prediction studies not only provide some practical tools but also contribute to better understanding of the main controlling index parameters of UCS of rocks. 相似文献
5.
针对传统的岩体强度参数估算方法考虑风化程度的研究成果较少的不足,引入弹性波速比λ,提出了岩体强度参数的估算方法。以贵州省二叠系两种典型岩体(灰岩和泥岩)为例,讨论了参数λ和正应力σn对岩体强度参数的影响。主要研究成果为:基于弹性波速比与Hoek-Brown强度准则,探讨了不同风化程度岩体抗剪强度参数折减系数的确定方法;研究了正应力与弹性波速比对不同风化程度灰岩与泥岩岩体瞬时抗剪强度参数的影响,结果表明,岩体所处的环境与风化程度是影响岩体剪切强度参数的主要因素;通过多项式拟合,建立了灰岩与泥岩扰动与未扰动情况下不同风化程度强度折减系数的计算公式,从理论上探讨了两种主要岩体不同风化程度对强度参数的影响。 相似文献
6.
风化花岗岩声谱特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
岩石材料可视为声波的天然低通滤波器 ,声波在不同力学性质岩石材料中传播时 ,由于岩石对声波吸收程度不等因而高频声波滤除状况也不同。接收波中频率丰富程度与岩 石 的力学性质密切相关,岩石力学强度愈高,声谱中高频成分就愈丰富。反之,声谱中主要为 低频,高频分量因衰减而缺失。实验采用全数字化DB4型多波参数分析仪和计算机,对波形 数据进行FFT分析,通过接收谱和频率响应的特征来研究岩石的力学性质。声衰减研究可为 岩石、岩体强度和综合评价提供更多、更可靠的信息,是解决工程地质风化岩问题研究的一 种可行方法。 相似文献
7.
山东省齐河县境内发育有矽卡岩型铁矿,近年来该区铁矿勘查和研究工作取得了较大进展。本文通过对研究区内铁矿勘查研究成果进行统计分析,旨在对其控矿特征和找矿标志进行探讨来促进该区铁矿找矿工作。研究区内铁矿控矿地层为奥陶纪碳酸盐岩和石炭纪-二叠纪碎屑岩地层,成矿地质体为燕山晚期中基性侵入岩体;铁矿体主要赋存于地层和岩体的接触带处,且在碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩地层中和侵入岩体中也赋存有部分铁矿体。区内铁矿体赋存类型多样,其中以接触带赋存式为主,且含有断裂充填式、层间充填式、裂隙贯入式、捕虏体构造式等。铁矿体形态复杂,呈层状、似层状、囊状、透镜状等;矿床典型蚀变分带特征为闪长岩带-蚀变闪长岩带-内矽卡岩带-铁矿体-外矽卡岩带-大理岩化带-灰岩带。该区成矿作用以接触扩散交代作用、接触渗滤交代作用为主,此外还有富矿热液充填作用等。研究区内铁矿找矿标志主要包括地层标志（奥陶纪碳酸盐岩和石炭纪-二叠纪碎屑岩地层）、岩体标志（中基性侵入岩体,且发育有钠长石化的蚀变闪长岩）、构造标志（地层与岩体接触带、构造交汇部位、层间滑脱部位、脆性裂隙部位等）、围岩蚀变标志（磁铁矿化、矽卡岩化、钠长石化、蛇纹石化、金云母化等与成矿关系密切）、地球物理标志（明显的高值磁异常和化极磁异常部位、重力异常梯度带和高-低电阻转换带）。在今后铁矿勘查过程中,需要在综合研究该区控矿特征的基础上,可利用多种找矿标志进行相互配合、互为补充和综合研究,以期达到预期勘查效果。 相似文献
8.
结晶岩石分子扩散系数是影响岩石内部物质运移的重要水文地质参数。由于结晶岩石结构致密,渗透性差,以通常的松散岩石分子扩散系数测试方法无法测得该参数。为此,本文提出薄片渗透测试方法,能够有效地观测出结晶岩石分子扩散现象,计算出分子扩散系数。实验证明,这是结晶岩石分子扩散系数测定的有效方法。 相似文献
9.
以福建某坝基固结灌浆工程实例为研究对象,采用单孔、跨孔声波测试及地震波测试技术对灌浆前、后岩体纵波波速进行检测。采用弹性理论计算动弹性模量,研究灌浆前、后变形参数的变化;对Hoek-Brown准则进行修正,用波速计算Hoek-Brown准则的强度参数,研究灌浆前、后强度参数的变化。研究结果表明,固结灌浆效果受岩体本身的可灌性控制,并受岩体结构影响。不同方向的固结灌浆效果是不同的,对于强风化岩体,垂直向固结效果优于水平向;对于具有缓倾结构面的中风化岩体,水平向固结效果优于垂直向。动弹性模量提高率与波速提高率呈二次函数关系。强风化岩的m（为Hoek-Brown常数）和s（为与岩体质量有关的常数）值提高率与波速提高率均呈一次函数关系,中风化岩则均呈三次函数关系。研究成果对灌浆设计和施工有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
Sheng Zeng Shaoping Wang Bing Sun Qibing Liu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1559-1573
The existence of joint fissures makes explosive actions between rock masses more complex. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out experiments studying blasting stress waves propagating in jointed rock masses. Based on the Froude Similarity principle, the geological mechanical models of intact rock masses and jointed rocks have been proposed. A blasting vibration experiment was carried out and demonstrated that the propagation of the blasting stress waves and changing structures have an important relationship. A numerical simulation of the blasting stress wave propagation law in a layered jointed rock mass was carried out. This study found that with an increase in the joint angle, the peak velocity of blasting stress wave, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient all gradually increased, while the attenuation coefficient gradually decreased. With an increase in joint spacing, the attenuation rate of the blasting stress waves increased. 相似文献
11.
12.
四川盆地前白垩系岩石物理性质的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 作者通过对四川盆地及其附近地区自前震旦系至侏罗系各地层岩石的密度、纵波速度、横波速度、孔隙度、磁化率、剩余磁化强度和电阻率的测定,研究本区各地质时代地层岩石的物性参数分布特征,初步探讨影响这些物性参数变化的主要因素,为本区进一步寻找和勘探石油、天然气以及区域地质的研究,提供基础资料。 相似文献
13.
The joint frequency rating index accounts for 40% of the weight in the hundred-mark Rock Mass Rating 2014 (RMR14) classification system. However, owning to the natural variations of in-situ rock mass, this parameter is difficult for site engineers to obtain along the tunnel axis, especially in groundwater-rich conditions or prior to any disturbances made to rock mass. In this study, we propose an equivalent joint frequency, expressed quantitatively in terms of the ratio of the P-wave propagation velocity in the rock mass to that of the intact rocks, which is mainly based on engineering statistics easily obtained from the Chinese National Standard, GB/T 50218. We also explore a new rating method, based on field P-wave propagation velocity tests, for the joint frequency in the RMR14 classification system. Literature from in-situ databases is discussed to verify the applicability of the proposed rating method. The verifications demonstrate that, compared with the results of on-site parameters ratings as per the RMR classification system, the new rating method using P-wave propagation velocity can obtain a certain degree of accuracy. Hence, this enables the presentation of the primary state of integrity of an in-situ rock mass in accordance with the RMR14 classification system, through simple and non-destructive field P-wave velocity tests.
相似文献14.
本文选择3种成因的微晶岩石,用电子探针直接在光薄片上进行常规全岩成分分析的实验,并将实验结果与化学分析结果作对比,说明用电子探针粗束斑缓慢移动样品和用细束斑面积扫描两种方法,对某些岩石进行化学成分分析的可行性。作者还采用上述方法,对湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W矿床蚀变矿物晕进行矿物—地球化学微剖面研究,揭示了有关热液矿床围岩蚀变作用过程中元素迁移的规律、岩石退色的机理,提供了矿床成因的信息。 相似文献
15.
A rippability classification system for marls in lignite mines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
16.
古岩溶和古岩溶地球化学概念与研究展望 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
古岩溶地球化学是古岩溶与地球化学相结合的产物。本文在详细评述了有关古岩溶研究现状（包括概念、研究进展、存在问题等）的基础上,初步提出了古岩溶地球化学的概念与研究方法,认为岩溶岩是其研究的主要对象。通过岩溶岩地球化学信息来解释和恢复古岩溶发育环境是其概念的基本内涵。研究方法是以数理统计为基础,定性与定量相结合,以定量分析、综合解释为主。最后对古岩溶和古岩溶地球化学的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
17.
从矿床地球化学特征入手,对下金宝矿体矿石、矿体围岩的常量元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征进行探讨。结果表明:下金宝岩体的花岗斑岩类岩石属于硅酸过饱和类钙碱性过铝质岩石,属于A型花岗岩,且K、Nd、Hf、Th、Rb相对富集,而亏损Ta、Nb、Sr和Ti,说明其岩浆并非单纯来源于上地幔,在岩浆上升过程可能受到了地壳物质的混染;结合下金宝金矿床的控矿因素、蚀变分带特征、岩体地球化学特征、矿石结构构造、围岩蚀变、成矿温度,得出斑岩体是区内成矿的必要因素,下金宝金矿床应是以次火山热液作用为主的斑岩型金矿床。 相似文献
18.
为建立更为完善的岩石统计损伤本构模型,针对现有模型难以反映某些岩石在三轴试验条件下弹性模量随围压变化而改变的特性,从不同类型空隙对岩石变形性质的影响入手,深入分析了岩石弹性模量变化的机理,并在此基础上,依据弹性参数与岩石中未闭合裂隙数的关系建立了岩石弹性模量变化的分析方法。之后,引入统计损伤理论,考虑损伤阈值的影响和残余强度变形特征,建立了可模拟岩石变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型,并给出了基于三轴压缩试验曲线的模型参数确定方法。本文模型可反映岩石弹性模量随围压变化而改变的特性,且具备现有模型的优点,对岩石变形全过程模拟效果良好。最后,通过试验曲线与本文及同类模型理论曲线的对比分析,表明了本文模型的合理性与优越性。 相似文献
19.
The complexes of metamorphic rocks that take part in the tectonic structure of the South Tien Shan are mostly confined to
the cores of large synforms and occupy high structural position therein. Problems of their age, origin, metamorphic conditions,
and relationships with the adjacent unmetamorphosed Paleozoic sequences have remained debatable throughout the history of
geological investigations. The results of detailed studies of the Kyrgyz-Ata Synform, a typical structure of the Turkestan-Alay
Zone in the South Tien Shan, are reported in this paper. The metamorphic rocks of the Kan Group participate in the structure
of this synform. On the basis of the study of structural assemblages and the kinematic analysis, it is concluded that the
multistage evolution of this tectonic unit proceeded under transpressive conditions of volcanic trough “crushing.” The detailed
study of rock alteration in the contact zone between the Kan Group and the Middle Devonian basic volcanic rocks allowed us
to suggest that the metamorphic Kan Group is not a self-dependent stratigraphic unit but represents an infrastructure (a metamorphosed
analogue of the volcanic sequence and underlying rocks) displaced tectonically over its own suprastructure. 相似文献
20.
在岩石工程中,蚀变作用通常会引发各种工程地质问题。以新疆北部某深埋长隧洞中蚀变岩为对象,研究了蚀变岩的微观特征和物理力学性质,并对蚀变岩隧洞段进行了数值模拟。结果表明岩石蚀变类型为黑云母的绿泥石化和钾长石的黏土化,利用蚀变岩中绿泥石含量与黏土矿物含量提出了蚀变指数概念,并结合蚀变岩的宏观表观特征,对其进行蚀变程度分级。随着蚀变程度的增加,岩石的吸水性、孔隙率随之变大,块体密度、饱和单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、变形模量大幅度降低。工程实例模拟发现,随着岩石蚀变程度的增强,隧洞围岩位移明显增大,揭示了蚀变作用对围岩变形破坏有很大影响。研究成果对蚀变岩地区类似工程具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献