甜水海钻孔有机碳R／S分析及其反映的气候环境变化持续性   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周厚云  李世杰 《地球化学》2000,29(1):89-93

通过对进行了等时处理的甜水海钻孔有机碳含量所做的Ｒ／Ｓ分析,发现其存在明显的Ｈｕｒｓｔ现象,Ｈｕｒｓｔ楷数Ｈ为０．７４,分数维Ｄ＝２－Ｈ＝１．２６,这与太平洋深海岩芯的氧同位素分析结果非常接近。Ｈｕｒｓｔ指数Ｈ＝０．７４〉０．５,表明甜水海地区气候环境演化存在的持续性（ｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ）。甜水海地区地处青藏高原腹地,这种气候环境演化的持续特征可能是晚新生代以来青藏高原持续构造抬升活动影响的结  相似文献   

空间科学虚拟观测台体系结构研究     

傅衍杰  邹自明  佟继周 《天文研究与技术》2011,(4)

科学观测数据的海量增长,使得旨在实现资源互操作的虚拟观测台(VO)应运而生,并迅速受到相关学科的支持和重视。国际虚拟天文台联盟(IVOA)、行星科学数据系统(PDS)和空间物理归档检索抽取标准(SPASE)等数据组织,正加快制定数据管理模型,推动VO的发展和跨学科应用。结合空间科学应用研究的特点,在借鉴国内外天文和空间科学VO研究成果的基础上,提出了一种针对空间科学数据的Hybrid型VO体系结构,并基于此体系结构发展了一个支持同步收割、格式化管道和事件关联发现的空间科学VO原型。实践和应用结果表明,基于这种体系结构建立的VO在解决全局资源的实时同步、异构应用的高度集成和面向科学问题的数据发现等问题上,有一定的普适性。  相似文献   

SoPC技术在高精度地电数据采集中的应用     

张启升  邓明  杨鹍鹏  陈凯  王猛  孙志成 《现代地质》2012,26(6):1306-1311

现代地球物理学科要取得更好更快的发展,需要汲取最新技术提升地球物理数据采集精度。而可编程片上系统(SoPC)技术是一种基于FPGA的灵活、高效的片上系统解决方案,为研制新型高精度地电数据采集装置提供了一条新途径。介绍了应用SoPC技术来研究并设计遵从CS5372芯片工作时序的A/D转换芯片控制器及串并转换模块,借助Matlab、DSP Builder工具的FIR重采样数字滤波器,在QuartusⅡ环境下合理集成NIOS II软核模块,并结合LabVIEW开发的上位机软件,实现了用Cyclone系列芯片替代昂贵的CS5376进行高精度地电数据采集。结果表明,采用SoPC技术可大大提升高精度地电数据采集系统的性能,且可将地电数据采集中的数字电路部分全部整合到一片SoPC芯片上。这为解决复杂地电条件提供了一种有效途径。  相似文献   

Evolution of Shear-Zone Structure in Undrained Ring-Shear Tests   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Muhammad?Wafid AgungEmail author  Kyoji?Sassa  Hiroshi?Fukuoka  Gonghui?Wang 《Landslides》2004,1(2):101-112

Undrained monotonic torque-controlled tests were conducted on fine-grained silica sand to study the shear-deformation process in granular materials by using a ring-shear apparatus. Shear-zone structures at various stages in the undrained shear tests were observed during a series of tests in which the experiments were terminated at different shear displacement. For undisturbed samples, the shear zone was only developed during the post-failure stage and its thickness increased with progressed shearing. First the shear surfaces had undulating and asymmetric structures; later they gradually became smooth and parallel to the shearing direction. During this process, pore water pressure was generated, and the effective friction angle decreased correspondingly. Generally, the shear zone could be divided into three parts: the compacted core, the adjacent zone above the core, and the adjacent zone below the core. Grain-size analysis on the sample from the shear zone revealed that grain crushing occurred during each stage and the extent of grain crushing differed for different shear stages. An interesting phenomenon occurred during the steady-state deformation where the coarse and fine particles within the shear zone segregated during motions and a parallel orientation structure developed. These results are helpful for understanding the mechanism of progressive failure in granular material as well as the rapid landslide with long runout study.  相似文献   

晚更新世末期以来黄河口古地理环境的演变^*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐家声  孟毅  张效龙  刘敦武 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):327-333

文章通过老黄河口海域CB20A孔岩芯的粒度、碎屑矿物、有孔虫、介形虫、瓣鳃类、腹足类、孢粉、植物化石和¹⁴ C测年等指标的分析鉴定结果,探讨并研究黄河口区古地理环境的演变。从晚更新世末期至今,本区地理环境演变经历了6个主要阶段,即全球最末一次冰期的早期、间冰期、晚期和冰后期的早期、中期及晚期。其间出现明显的气候冷暖交替、海平面升降及岸线进退的变化,多次出现沧海桑田的景观。在这6个变化阶段中还有一些规模较小的海平面升降,如最末一次冰期早期气候寒冷,海平面大幅度下降,然而在这一时期的沉积物中却发现了气候变暖的海相沉积层,反映海平面曾经上升。而在最末一次冰期的间冰期,气候变暖,但是它并非始终温暖如一:其下部沉积物中的化石反映的是气候较冷海面较低的滨海沼泽特征;中部反映的是气候温暖的浅海环境;而上部反映的是海面明显下降的潮坪环境。这些气候和海面波动现象在冰后期仍然存在。  相似文献   

Variability of the topographic core-mantle torque calculated from core surface flow models     

S. Asari  H. Shimizu  H. Utada 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2006,154(1):85-111

With the prospect of studying the relevance of the topographic core-mantle coupling to the variations of the Earth’s rotation and also its applicability to constraining the core surface flow, we investigate the variability of the topographic torque estimated by using core surface flow models accompanied by (a) uncertainty due to the non-uniqueness problem in the flow inversion, and (b) variance originating in that of geomagnetic secular variation models employed in the inversion. Various flow models and their variances are estimated by inverting prescribed geomagnetic models at the epoch 1980. The subsequent topographic torque is then calculated by using a core-mantle boundary topography model obtained by seismic tomography. The calculated axial and equatorial torques are found subject to the variability of order 10¹⁹ and 10²⁰  Nm, respectively, on which (b) is more effective than (a). The variability of the torque is attributed even to (a) and (b) of the large-scale flows (degrees 2 and 3). Yet, it still seems unlikely for the decadal polar motion with the observed amplitude to be excited exclusively by the equatorial topographic torque associated with any of reasonable core surface flow models. It is also confirmed that, with the topography model adopted here, the axial topographic torque on a rigid annulus in the core (coaxial with the Earth’s rotation axis) associated with any of reasonable flow models is larger by two orders of magnitude than the plausible inertial torque on such cylinders. This implies that any core surface flow model consistent with the topographic coupling does not exist, unless the topography model is appropriately modified. Nevertheless, the topographic coupling might provide not only a weak constraint for explaining the decadal LOD variations, but also the possibility to probe the core surface flow and the core dynamics.  相似文献   

行星尺度地磁异常的长期变化   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀 《地球物理学报》2001,44(2):180-189

为了综合反映地球表面行星尺度磁异常的展布面积、磁场极值以及磁场分布特征等多种因素及其与磁能的关系，本文用穿过各异常区的“无符号磁通量”为特征参数来表征磁异常区强度.用第八代国际参考地磁场模型(IGRF)，分析了1900年到2000年全球最大的5个磁异常区的长期变化，结果表明，在一百年中，南大西洋(SAT)、大洋洲(AUS)和非洲(AF)3个异常区的磁通量均增加了200MWb以上，欧亚异常(EA)磁通量增加幅度稍小(157MWb)，上述4个异常区磁通量增幅为30%-60%，而北美异常(NAM)的磁通量则减小了50MWb.各异常区面积虽有变化，但最大变化仅为%左右.对磁异常区的西向漂移研究表明，地球表面和核幔界面的西漂明显存在差异：地表磁场有持续而稳定的西向漂移，全球平均西漂速度为0.2°/a；但核幔界面磁场的西向漂移速度要小得多，最大不超过0.1°/a.形成这种差异的原因可能是组成地磁场的不同球谐分量有不同的漂移速度；地表磁场的西漂主要决定于占优势的低阶分量，而核幔界面的西漂则受到高阶分量的重大影响.本文指出，在把地表西漂值用作地核磁流体运动速度的典型值时必须十分谨慎.  相似文献   

Holocene environmental changes of the Hwajinpo Lagoon on the eastern coast of Korea     

Jong-Gwon Yum  Keiji Takemura  Takao Tokuoka  Kang-Min Yu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,29(2):155-166

Lithologic and geochemical data of a core from the Hwajinpo Lagoon, located on the eastern coast of Korea, provided the evolutionary history of the lagoon related to Holocene sea-level changes of the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Grain size analysis, water content analysis, and soft X-ray analysis of core samples were used to reconstruct sedimentary environments, as were total organic carbon, C/N, S and C/S chemical records. Assemblages of mollusc and diatom remains also provided paleoenvironmental information. The reconstruction of paleoenvironments from these multi-proxy data allows the establishment of an evolutionary model of the Hwajinpo Lagoon. The environmental changes of the Hwajinpo Lagoon can be divided into seven different depositional facies: (l) Exposed basement rock; (2) Estuarine; (3) Stagnant brackish lagoon (isolated); (4) Oxic condition lagoon (organic activity); (5) Fresh water lake; (6) Oxic brackish lagoon (recent condition); (7) Prograding river delta. These environmental changes can be related to sea-level change during the Holocene. The trends of sea-level change in the Hwajinpo Lagoon from this study can be compared to those of the Japanese coastal areas located on the other side of the East Sea such as Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi.  相似文献   

Permeability of the rocks from the Kola superdeep borehole at high temperature and pressure: implication to fluid dynamics in the continental crust     

A. V. Zharikov  V. M. Vitovtova  V. M. Shmonov  A. A. Grafchikov 《Tectonophysics》2003,370(1-4):177-191

Permeability of the samples collected from the surface and from the depths of 8–11 km in the Kola SG-3 and from the depth of 3.8 in the KTB boreholes was studied at temperatures up to 600 °C and pressures up to 150 MPa. These PT correspond to in situ conditions of the deep parts of the superdeep boreholes and to the conditions of progressive and regressive metamorphism of the Kola series rocks. The experiments were carried out with fluid filtration parallel and normal to rock foliation and parallel to core axis. The temperature–permeability trend behavior depends on effective pressure and depth of sample collection. At low effective pressure, a temperature increase leads first to a permeability decrease and then to its increase. At higher effective pressure, inversions appear on all the temperature trends of the samples collected from great depths. In contrast, permeability of the samples selected at shallow depth (3.8 km) and on the surface decreases within the entire temperature range. As a rule, with flow parallel to foliation, the values of permeability are higher than with flow normal to foliation. The results of microstructure studies allow to conclude that microcrack initiation and closure, due to a competitive influence of temperature and pressure cause such permeability behavior. In the samples, there are two families of microcracks: with low aspect ratio and those with high aspect ratio. Their effect on rock permeability changes with temperature. On sample heating, the low aspect ratio microcracks close and, on the contrary, high aspect ratio ones open. The total effect is expressed by minima in the temperature–permeability trends. Permeability anisotropy increases with temperature, reaches a maximum at 200 °C and then decreases. Sample permeability decreases with different gradients at simultaneous increase of temperature and pressure, simulating in situ depth increase. Hence, the deep seat rocks can vary greatly in permeability and against the common background of permeability decrease with depth, local deep aquifers may occur. At PT of progressive metamorphism the permeability values were high enough to permit the fluid flow to penetrate the whole volume of rock massif. At PT of regressive metamorphism, the permeability values were a few decimal orders lower, so fluid flow could be concentrated in large disjunctive zones only.  相似文献   

Another look at the core density deficit of Earth’s outer core   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O.L Anderson 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2002,131(1):19-27

A constraint adopted in several geochemical studies of core composition is that the core density deficit (cdd) is 10%, with the implication that this number is based on robust geophysical evidence. The cdd is the perceived difference between the density of pure iron at core conditions and the seismically-determined density of the outer core. The importance of the cdd is that it limits the concentration of allowable light elements, such as sulfur and silicon, which, when mixed with Fe, or an Fe-Ni alloy, comprise the geochemical model of the inner core.We present evidence that the value of 10% for the cdd of the outer core is too high. Using a thermal-pressure equation-of-state, we find that for assumed melting temperatures of pure iron at the inner-outer core (ICB) pressure of 330 GPa ranging from 7500 to 4800 K, the cdd ranges from 2.9 to 7%, respectively. Reports that the cdd value of the outer core is less than 10% are found in a number of shock-wave studies, but the values reported here are apparently the lowest. Our cdd value for an assumed melting temperature of 6000 K for iron at 330 GPa is 5.4% and is compatible with proposed concentrations of Si and S impurities found from solubility studies at high P and T.  相似文献