信息技术对企业空间组织的影响——以诺基亚北京星网工业园为例   总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27  

刘卫东  Peter Dicken  杨伟聪 《地理研究》2004,23(6):845-855

最近通信技术的进展引发了对经济活动集聚和扩散力量的争论。本文以坐落于北京经济技术开发区的星网工业园为例 ,探讨在新的信息技术下地方企业集群的动力机制。过去几十年中 ,新的信息技术在经济空间变化中起着越来越重要的作用 ,但是它只是一种提供可能或促成发生的介质 ,并不是决定性的。新的信息技术的应用会导致企业的“虚拟集群” ,这是运用信息技术整合和缩短供应链的必然结果 ,但是零部件厂是否选择在地理空间上与整装厂集中在一起还取决于其他因素。在这个过程中 ,时间成本正成为企业空间组织的重要影响因素  相似文献   

Changes of oceanic environment before and after the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event(GOE): Evidence from petrography and geochemistry of banded iron formation(BIF)from the North China Craton          下载免费PDF全文

Zhang Lian-Chan  Lan Cai-Yun  Wang Chang-Le  Peng Zi-Dong  Tong Xiao-Xue  Li Wen-Jun  Dong Zhi-Guo 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):827-840

Banded iron formation(BIF)belongs to sedimentary rocks formed in Precambrian marine,which can directly reflect the redox state of the ancient oceans. Mineral composition and geochemistry of BIF can reveal the relative changes of oxygen contents of ancient atmosphere-ocean. The Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic BIFs widely distributed in the North China Craton(NCC),are the ideal research objects for understanding the changes of the ancient ocean redox environment before and after the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event(GOE). Our previous studies indicated that the sedimentary facies of the Neoarchean BIF in the NCC are mainly magnetite-type oxide and silicate,with minor carbonate. The sedimentary facies of the Paleoproterozoic BIF are hematite- and magnetite-type oxide,silicate and carbonate,of which the hematite-oxide facies is unique to the Paleoproterozoic BIF. The above mineralogical features suggest that the redox conditions of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic seawater are different. The rare earth element composition of the Neoarchean BIF in the NCC lacks a strong negative Ce anomaly,reflecting that the oxygen content of contemporary seawater is very low and the marine is anoxic. However,a small amount of BIFs in the NCC also present the negative Ce anomalies and a wide range of Th/U ratios,indicating that the local water of the Neoarchean ocean had relatively high oxygen content and was at a weak oxidation state. Compared with the Neoarchean BIFs,the Paleoproterozoic BIFs present a wide range of Ce anomalies(i.e.,no Ce anomalies,positive Ce anomalies and negative Ce anomalies). The hematite-bearing BIF has an obvious negative Ce anomalies,implying that the oxygen content and redox state of Paleoproterozoic seawater changed significantly. Combined with the ratios of Ni/Co,V/(V+Ni)and Th/U of the BIFs in the NCC,the Paleoproterozoic oceans exhibited a suboxidation to oxidation environment. Besides,Neoarchean BIF is strongly enriched in heavy iron isotopes and the non-mass fractionation of S isotope is obvious,whereas the Paleoproterozoic BIF is relatively enriched in light iron isotopes and the non-mass fractionation of S isotope is not obvious. It is summarized that the Neoarchean marine is anoxic,but the oxygen‘oasis' may exist locally,implying that photosynthetic oxygen production already existed in the Late Neoarchean. The ancient ocean presented a layered characteristics during and after the GOE,indicating that the shallow water was generally oxidized and the deep water was reduced.  相似文献   

Phosphogenesis of phosphorite from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou Province and its coupling relation with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event          下载免费PDF全文

Zhang Ya-Guan  Du Yuan-Sheng  Liu Jian-Zhong  Wang Ze-Peng  Deng Chao 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):893-912

Phosphate deposits of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation accumulated in the central Guizhou Province are the typical phosphate-rich sediments during the Neoproterozoic Phosphogenic Episodes,which occurred after the “Snowball Earth”period and Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. However,the mechanisms of phosphate enrichment in seawater have always been hotly debated,and the research for correlations between phosphogenesis and transition of Ediacaran palaeo-ocean environments is still unsubstantial. This study focused on the sedimentological,petrological,mineralogical and geochemical analyses on the Doushantuo pristine phosphorite in Weng'an,Zunyi and Danzhai area. Documented by spherulitic phosphorites in the Lower Phosphorite beds from Weng'an area that contain abundant autogenetic Fe-bearing minerals such as pyrite and glauconite and show weak Ce negative anomaly,Fe-redox pumping in low-oxygen environments are the important phosphogenesis mechanism but only limited in coastal waters in the Early Doushantuo Period. Phosphorite in the Upper Phosphorite beds deposited within organic-rich beds and contain massive biological fossils suggests that phosphogenesis might have been triggered by degradation of organic matter and biological action in the Late Doushantuo Period,and distribution of phosphatic sediments extended to the deeper shelf to slope setting. Obvious Ce negative anomaly implies the increase of oxygen content in seawater. The transition of phosphogenesis mechanisms and the expansion of phosphorite deposits are the sedimentary response of ocean oxygenation,and the associated evolution of metazoans also changed the redox conditions of the deep seawater. These sedimentary and geochemistry data reflect the closed coupling relation between Doushantuo phosphorite in Guizhou Province and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event.  相似文献   

Authigenic carbonate burial in the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin,USA)     

Ben Davis Barnes  Jon M. Husson  Shanan E. Peters 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):2065-2094

Late Devonian (Famennian) marine successions globally are typified by organic-rich black shales deposited in anoxic and euxinic waters and the cessation of shelf carbonate sedimentation. This global ‘carbonate crisis’, known as the Hangenberg Event, coincides with a major extinction of reef-building metazoans and perturbations to the global carbon cycle, evidenced by positive carbon-isotope excursions of up to 4‰. It has been suggested that authigenic carbonate, formed as cements in sedimentary pore spaces during early burial diagenesis, is a significant mass fraction of the total global carbon burial flux, particularly during periods of low oxygen concentration. Because some authigenic carbonate could have originated from remineralization of organic carbon in sediments, it is possible for this reservoir to be isotopically depleted and thereby drive changes in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. This study presents bulk isotopic and elemental analyses from fine-grained siliciclastics of the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, USA) to assess the volume and isotopic composition of carbonates in these sediments. Carbonate in the Bakken black shales occurs primarily as microscopic disseminated dolomite rhombs and calcite cements that, together, comprise a significant mass-fraction (ca 9%). The elemental composition of the shales is indicative of a dynamic anoxic to sulphidic palaeoenvironment, likely supported by a fluctuating chemocline. Despite forming in an environment favourable to remineralization of organic matter and the precipitation of isotopically depleted authigenic carbonates, the majority of carbon isotope measurements of disseminated carbonate fall between −3‰ and +3‰, with systematically more depleted carbonates in the deeper-water portions of the basin. Thus, although there is evidence for a significant total mass-fraction of carbonate with contribution from remineralized organic matter, Bakken authigenic carbonates suggest that Famennian black shales are unlikely to be sufficiently ¹³C-depleted relative to water column dissolved inorganic carbon to serve as a major lever on seawater isotopic composition.  相似文献   

基于贝叶斯网络的“郑州暴雨地铁灾害事件”情景分析与仿真推演          下载免费PDF全文

任永存  张韧  张永生  孙涵  李明  刘泉宏  许婧 《大气科学学报》2023,46(6):904-916

2021年7月20日河南郑州特大暴雨造成的地铁突发灾害是近年来为数不多的城市重大人员伤亡事件。该事件产生既有暴雨强烈、事故突发等客观原因,也包含风险意识淡薄、应急机制不健全等主观因素。本文首先遴选“郑州暴雨地铁灾害事件”演化的主要情景要素,采用情景分析法构建了该事件情景演化流程。在此基础上,基于贝叶斯网络构建了“郑州暴雨地铁灾害事件”情景推演模型。采用专家打分法计算网络节点的条件概率,利用Netica软件推算出灾害情景节点状态概率。最后,通过调试特定节点先验概率,开展不同暴雨灾害等级、应急响应行动、周围环境状态情况下人员死亡和地铁受损害的概率评估与情景推演,旨在总结经验、查找漏洞,为应对和防范“郑州暴雨地铁灾害”类似事件提供风险防范和响应对策参考。  相似文献