西藏雄村斑岩型铜(金)矿床Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母特征及地质意义     

肖鸿天  谢富伟  郎兴海  冉凤琴 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(4):469-480

雄村铜(金)矿区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带中段南缘,由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿体和多个矿化体组成。本文以Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内的热液黑云母为研究对象,采用光薄片镜下鉴定、电子探针等分析方法,系统研究了热液黑云母的产状和成分特征。结果显示,雄村矿区Ⅰ号矿体黑云母类型主要为金云母和镁质黑云母;Ⅱ号矿体黑云母类型为镁质黑云母。两个矿体黑云母都具有低Ti(TiO_2 3%)、高Al(Al_2O_315%)的特点,且具有较高的MgO含量,Mg/Fe0.5,K/Na10,显示了与矿化良好的相关性。Ⅰ号矿体热液黑云母平均结晶温度470℃,氧逸度位于镍-氧化镍缓冲剂与磁铁矿-钛铁矿缓冲剂之间(NNO—HM);Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母平均结晶温度234℃,氧逸度位于镍-氧化镍缓冲剂与铁橄榄石-石英-磁铁矿缓冲剂之间(NNO—FQM),说明Ⅰ号矿体形成于较高温、高氧逸度的热液系统,Ⅱ号矿体形成于相对较低温、低氧逸度的热液系统。此外,Ⅰ号矿体热液黑云母Ⅳ(F)值介于0.61～2.72之间,平均值1.26,Ⅳ(Cl)值介于-5.49～-4.53之间,平均值-5.03,Ⅳ(F/Cl)值介于5.63～7.89之间,平均值6.29;Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母Ⅳ(F)值介于1.83～3.32之间,平均值2.66,Ⅳ(Cl)值介于-5.64～-4.89之间,平均值-5.31,Ⅳ(F/Cl)值介于7.14～8.68之间,平均值7.97,说明Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体都形成于富Cl的热液系统,且Ⅱ号矿体热液较Ⅰ号矿体更富Cl,贫F。富Cl流体易萃取流体中的Cu和Au等金属元素并以Cl的络合物形式运移,在沿构造裂隙向上运移的过程中,物理化学条件发生改变,使得流体中金属元素络合物溶解度降低,促使硫化物沉淀成矿。  相似文献   

西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物化学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张招崇  肖序常  王军  王永  LUO Zhao-hua 《矿物学报》2005,25(3):237-248

对西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物学进行了系统的研究。结果表明：该地区火山岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石组成,并有少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。其矿物学特征指示了岩浆的性质有点类似于碱性岩浆,但与典型的碱性玄武岩又有明显的区别,属于橄榄安粗岩系列。利用橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算了进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量约为6．2％,Mg^#为0．57,说明其不是地幔熔融形成的原始岩浆,而是经历了深部岩浆房的分离结晶过程。由单斜辉石估算的高位岩浆房的深度约7～9km。岩浆在高位岩浆房中发生了较长时间的强烈分离结晶作用,分离结晶相主要为橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石以及少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。不同时期形成的铁钛氧化物指示了分离结晶过程由相对高温高氧逸度向相对低温低氧逸度演化。与此相对照的是岩浆在深部岩浆房中可能只发生了橄榄石和辉石等铁镁矿物的分离结晶作用,且分异作用时间较短。深部岩浆房可能存在于岩石圈地幔或壳幔过渡带中,岩浆由深部岩浆房上升到高位岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,从浅部岩浆房到地表是快速上升的过程。  相似文献   

非平面陶瓷基微晶釉的晶化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

俞平利  吴丹丹  吴季怀 《矿物学报》2005,25(3):208-212

在具有非平面的陶瓷上获得光泽度和各项性能良好的微晶釉具有重要的实际意义。选择CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统进行了研究,结果表明：降温结晶法难以形成大量微晶体,而易使极少数晶核生长为大尺度晶体,急剧冷却则因温度梯度引起坯釉出现裂纹等缺陷;升温结晶法是切实可行的,先制备坯釉结合良好的透明釉,再对透明釉作微晶化处理,在较低温度晶化处理并延长晶化恒温时间,可获得均匀致密的微晶釉。  相似文献   

淡水珍珠中文石球粒的发现与成珠机制探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张妮  郭继春  张学云  李加贵 《矿物学报》2005,25(3):307-311

长期以来,珍珠的成因理论很少涉及在超显微镜结构研究基础上的具体的珍珠形成机制。珍珠与贝壳珍珠层具有较多的相似性,但也存在很多不同。本文在对AFM下首次观察到的淡水珍珠表面纳米级的六方最紧密堆积文石球粒的研究基础上,结合XRD分析对珍珠内部矿物成分差异的研究,试图在贝壳珍珠层成因理论的基础上探讨淡水珍珠的成珠机制。本文将珍珠的形成过程初步归纳为碳酸钙凝胶的形成,碳酸钙球粒的形成,矿物相的转变和后继生长四个阶段。  相似文献   

Occurrence and Distribution of Organic Contaminants in the Aquatic System in Berlin.Part II: Substituted Phenols in Berlin Surface Water     

K. Schmidt-Bumler  Th. Heberer  H.-J. Stan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(3):143-149

In a surface water screening, 30 representative surface water samples collected from rivers, canals, and lakes in Berlin were investigated for the presence of 22 substituted phenols. The phenols selected include the 11 phenols considered as “priority pollutants” by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). Surface water samples were extracted applying solid-phase extraction with styrenedivinylbenzene adsorbent. The recoveries, determined in spiking experiments, were between 80 % and 103 %. After derivatization with N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) the samples were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phenol, cresols, 2-ethylphenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, pentachlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol were detected in the surface water samples at concentrations between 0.02 μg/L and 7.8 μg/L, respectively. The distribution of these residues in the Berlin surface waters showed that the phenolic residues, with the exception of pentachlorophenol and 2-ethylphenol, do not originate primarily from municipal sewage treatment plants discharges. Some of the phenols are formed naturally or occur as ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminants in the aquatic system.  相似文献   

海水电沉积作用碳酸钙结晶与珊瑚骨骼晶体的比较     

黄宝威  袁翔城  黄晖  刘胜 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):113-119

电沉积促进珊瑚生长和岸礁修复技术是国际上常采用的生态修复方法,但电沉积技术中电流条件与沉积晶体之间的关系却鲜有研究,关于其形成的电沉积物的晶体结构的报道更是少有。本文探索了在不同电流密度的条件下海水形成碳酸钙晶体的特点,并与珊瑚骨骼晶体进行了对比。本实验设置了300、600、900和1200 m A/m2四组电流密度,在海水中进行5 d电沉积反应,实验后称量了阴极上形成的电沉积物质量,用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射分析了电沉积物中晶体特点并与珊瑚骨骼进行了比较。结果发现,随着电流密度增大,电沉积物质量增加,电流密度为600 m A/m2条件下电沉积物形成的速率与南海的滨珊瑚的生长速率相当。在各个电流密度梯度条件下形成的晶体均与珊瑚骨骼的晶体结构相似。较低电流密度下电沉积物中碳酸钙比例较高。其中,在电流密度为600 m A/m2的条件下,形成的沉积物碳酸钙文石比例最高,和珊瑚骨骼晶体最为接近。本研究为促珊瑚生长的电沉积技术提供了基础数据和理论。  相似文献   

Model tests on installation and extraction of suction caissons in dense sand     

Yukun Zhang  Yufeng Gao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(7):921-929

A series of model tests were performed on steel- and Perspex-made suction caissons in saturated dense marine sand to explore installation and extraction behaviors. The extractions of the caisson were conducted by applying monotonic loading or by pumping water into the caisson. Responses of suction caissons to pullout rates, aspect ratios, and extraction manners were examined. Test results show that a cone-shaped subsidence region occurs around the suction caisson during the suction-assisted installation. The pullout bearing capacity of the suction caisson in sand is dominated by the loading rate and the loading manner. For the suction caisson subjected to monotonic loading, the maximum bearing capacity is reached at the pullout rate of about 20.0?mm/s. The mobilized vertical displacement corresponding to the pullout capacity increases with increasing the pullout rate. The passive suction beneath the suction caisson lid reaches the maximum value when the pullout bearing capacity is mobilized. In addition, during the suction caisson extracted by pumping water into the caisson, the maximum pore water pressure in the caisson is obtained under the displacement of approximately 0.04 times the caisson diameter. The absolute values of the maximum pore water pressures for the suction caissons approximately equal those of the maximum vertical resistances at the monotonic pullout rate of 5 mm/s. When the vertical displacements of the suction caissons with the aspect ratio of 1.0 and 2.0 reach 0.92 and 1.77 times the caisson diameter, respectively, the seepage failure occurs around the caissons. Using a scaling method, the test results can be used to predict the time length required for the prototype suction caisson to be extracted from the seabed.  相似文献   

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.007   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tatsuyuki Arai  Shigenori Maruyama 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(2):299-308

Lunar anorthosite is a major rock of the lunar highlands,which formed as a result of plagioclasefloatation in the lunar magma ocean(LMO).Constraints on the sufficient conditions that resulted in the formation of a thick pure anorthosite(mode of plagioclase 95 vol.%) is a key to reveal the early magmatic evolution of the terrestrial planets.To form the pure lunar anorthosite,plagioclase should have separated from the magma ocean with low crystal fraction.Crystal networks of plagioclase and mafic minerals develop when the crystal fraction in the magma(φ) is higher than ca.40-60 vol.%,which inhibit the formation of pure anorthosite.In contrast,when φ is small,the magma ocean is highly turbulent,and plagioclase is likely to become entrained in the turbulent magma rather than separated from the melt.To determine the necessary conditions in which anorthosite forms from the LMO,this study adopted the energy criterion formulated by Solomatov.The composition of melt,temperature,and pressure when plagioclase crystallizes are constrained by using MELTS/pMELTS to calculate the density and viscosity of the melt.When plagioclase starts to crystallize,the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.59 at 1291 C.The density of the melt is smaller than that of plagioclase for P 2.1 kbar(ca.50 km deep),and the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes larger than the typical crystal diameter of plagioclase(1.8-3 cm).This suggests that plagioclase is likely entrained in the LMO just after the plagioclase starts to crystallize.When the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.54 at 1263 C,the density of melt becomes larger than that of plagioclase even for 0 kbar.When the Mg~# of melt decreases down to 0.46 at 1218 C,the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes 1.5-2.5 cm,which is nearly equal to the typical plagioclase of the lunar anorthosite.This suggests that plagioclase could separate from the melt.One of the differences between the Earth and the Moon is the presence of water.If the terrestrial magma ocean was saturated with H_2O,plagioclase could not crystallize,and anorthosite could not form.  相似文献   

正交实验法优化紫蛇尾皂苷提取工艺研究     

王荣镇  党永龙  冯建荣  王全会  代鹏  郭承华 《海洋科学》2012,36(2):46-49

以紫蛇尾(Ophiopholis mirabilis)皂苷溶液吸光度为指标,采用单因素实验法考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取次数、提取温度等因素对紫蛇尾皂苷提取效果的影响,通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,紫蛇尾皂苷的最佳提取工艺为60℃水浴,料液比1:40(W/V),每次3 h,提取4次。按照最佳工艺条件所得蛇尾皂苷平均产率为1.77‰,表明此最佳工艺可用于紫蛇尾皂苷的制备。  相似文献   

Ultrasound‐Assisted Emulsification‐Microextraction With In Situ Derivatization and Gas Chromatography‐Electron‐Capture Detection for Determination of Chlorophenols in Water          下载免费PDF全文

Senar Aydın  Ali Tor  Mehmet Emin Aydın  Fatma Beduk 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(8):1143-1149

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