Gap Filling and Quality Assessment of CO2 and Water Vapour Fluxes above an Urban Area with Radial Basis Function Neural Networks     

A. Schmidt  T. Wrzesinsky  O. Klemm 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,126(3):389-413

Vertical turbulent fluxes of water vapour, carbon dioxide, and sensible heat were measured from 16 August to the 28 September 2006 near the city centre of Münster in north-west Germany. In comparison to results of measurements above homogeneous ecosystem sites, the CO₂ fluxes above the urban investigation area showed more peaks and higher variances during the course of a day, probably caused by traffic and other varying, anthropogenic sources. The main goal of this study is the introduction and establishment of a new gap filling procedure using radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, which is also applicable under complex environmental conditions. We applied adapted RBF neural networks within a combined modular expert system of neural networks as an innovative approach to fill data gaps in micrometeorological flux time series. We found that RBF networks are superior to multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks in the reproduction of the highly variable turbulent fluxes. In addition, we enhanced the methodology in the field of quality assessment for eddy covariance data. An RBF neural network mapping system was used to identify conditions of a turbulence regime that allows reliable quantification of turbulent fluxes through finding an acceptable minimum of the friction velocity. For the data analysed in this study, the minimum acceptable friction velocity was found to be 0.15 m s⁻¹. The obtained CO₂ fluxes, measured on a tower at 65 m a.g.l., reached average values of 12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and fell to nighttime minimum values of 3 μmol m ⁻² s⁻¹. Mean daily CO₂ emissions of 21 g CO₂ m⁻²d ⁻¹ were obtained during our 6-week experiment. Hence, the city centre of Münster appeared to be a significant source of CO₂. The half-hourly average values of water vapour fluxes ranged between 0.062 and 0.989 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹and showed lower variances than the simultaneously measured fluxes of CO₂.  相似文献   

Analysis of the three-dimensional stellar velocity field using vector spherical functions     

V. V. Vityazev  A. S. Tsvetkov 《Astronomy Letters》2009,35(2):100-113

We apply vector spherical functions to problems of stellar kinematics. Using these functions allows all of the systematic components in the stellar velocity field to be revealed without being attached to a specific physical model. Comparison of the theoretical decomposition coefficients of the equations for a particular kinematical model with observational data can provide precise information about whether the model is compatible with the observations and can reveal systematic components that are not described by this model. The formalism of vector spherical functions is particularly well suited for analyzing the present and future (e.g., GAIA) catalogs containing all three velocity vector components: the propermotions in both coordinates and the radial velocity. We show that there are systematic components in the proper motions of Hipparcos stars that cannot be interpreted in terms of the linear Ogorodnikov-Milne model. The same result is also confirmed by an analysis of the radial velocities for these stars.  相似文献   

Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(4):100035

Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults. In this study, we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation functions. Ambient noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault zones. In cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface, fault-reflected surface waves are expected. We test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern China. The fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data, and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first appear. Potentially reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle, fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms.  相似文献   

Analytical evaluation of the relativistic thermodynamic functions using binomial expansion theorem and incomplete Gamma functions     

B.A. Mamedov 《New Astronomy》2012,17(3):353-355

A simple evaluation algorithm for calculation of the fermions and bosons relativistic thermodynamic functions with high accuracy is presented. This method is based on the use of the binomial expansion theorems and incomplete Gamma functions. The importance of this result is that it enables a series analytical formula to determine the thermodynamic functions of fermions and bosons in cases of degeneracy and relativity. The formulas obtained are numerically stable for ψ < 0. Examples of comparative calculations are given. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the present approach and they are in good agreement with literature.  相似文献   

Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre-pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe,Anatolia     

Moritz Nykamp  Fabian Becker  Ricarda Braun  Nadja Pöllath  Daniel Knitter  Joris Peters  Brigitta Schütt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(2):430-442

This study presents a meta-analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra-regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra-regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

基于生态位理论的东北三省政府干预强度与市场化水平格局演变研究     

刘洋  王雨飞  刘勇  王光辉 《地理科学》2016,36(9):1301-1309

以“政府干预强度”和“市场化水平”为研究对象,通过对其生态系统的剖析,构建相应的评价指标体系及其生态位模型,并选取东北三省地级市为评价对象,对其“强政府弱市场”格局和演变趋势进行分析。定量分析的主要结论为：东北三省普遍存在“强政府弱市场”现状,其中黑龙江省最为突出,其次为吉林省、辽宁省;东北三省“强政府弱市场”格局出现多次波动,仅2003~2005年降幅较高,说明2003年“东北振兴战略”影响效果的持续性较短;东北各地市“强政府弱市场”格局具有明显的区域溢出效应,格局较明显的区域主要集中在离中心城市或沿海口岸较远的黑龙江省北部以及辽宁省、吉林省的部分内陆城市。  相似文献   

高阶非线性系统自适应模糊有限时间状态约束控制     

范彦丽  李永明  佟绍成 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(1):79-86

针对一类具有状态约束的非严格反馈高阶非线性系统,研究一种自适应模糊有限时间跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近不确定性非线性函数,在此基础上,采用障碍Lyapunov函数,解决状态约束问题,通过障碍加幂积分方法和反步递推技术,提出了一种有限时间控制设计方法.在有限时间Lyapunov稳定意义下,严格证明闭环系统半全局实际有限时间稳定且系统的状态不超出给定的约束边界,并实现了有限时间跟踪控制目标.最后,仿真研究进一步验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.  相似文献   

狭长区域下基于正交法的GPS高程拟合研究     

郭英起  伊晓东  黄瑞金  李胜 《测绘工程》2007,16(6):19-21

将GPS点大地高直接转换成正常高,越来越广泛地应用于建立高程控制网的实践中。而要保证GPS点高程精度的关键是高程异常拟合模型选择的合理性。文中介绍了在狭长带状区域下利用正交函数法拟合GPS点高程的数学模型。并利用试验数据进行比对分析。结果表明,文中提出的方法计算具有算法稳定,成果合理的特点。  相似文献   

类星体光度函数     

覃一平 《天文研究与技术》1999,(1)

对前人在类星体光度函数研究中的工作作了详细的介绍。在前人工作的基础上,提出两个新的研究方法和一个新的统计方法。第一为分类研究法。将类星体分作若干子类,每一子类的光度演化形式可以通过相关分析求出,而数密度则可由简单计数求得。第二为平均星等法,定义平均星等Ｍ。研究表明,对于纯密度演化模型,Ｍ与红移ｚ无关;而对于纯光度演化模型,Ｍ与光度演化形式（Ｍｚ－Ｍ）成线性关系。提出的新的统计方法为ｎ／ｎｍａｘ检验法,它是传统的Ｖ／Ｖｍａｘ和Ｖ′／Ｖ′ｍａｘ检验法的推广。与传统方法不同,它能适用于任何光度函数模型。若所采用的光度函数正确,则样品的ｎ／ｎｍａｘ值应均匀分布于数域［０,１］  相似文献   

风沙流中颗粒跃移研究的某些进展与问题   总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9  

杨保  邹学勇 《中国沙漠》1999,19(2):173-178

风沙流研究是风沙物理学的主要内容,研究方法上大致分宏观和微观研究两个方面。宏观研究着眼于风沙流的整体结构和动力学过程,微观研究侧重于单一颗粒的运动状态。宏观和微观研究相结合是解决风沙物理学中一系列问题的一条合理路线。但长期以来,由于在颗粒运动机理研究方面进展缓慢且不成熟,对联系宏观和微观研究的纽带——起跳粒子的运动状态分布的重要性认识不够,造成风沙流宏观研究和微观研究的严重脱节。本文综述国内外在这两方面的研究历史和现状,指出了现存问题和解决途径,并对风沙物理学的发展方向提出了一些建议。  相似文献