陕西黄河湿地渔业生态环境监测与保护     

李维平  管薇  侯淑敏  问思恩  王梅  王益昌  杨元昊 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(3):19-22

2007年夏季和秋季,按照GB11607-1989《渔业水质标准》和GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》,对陕西黄河湿地渔业水域环境质量的主要理化指标进行了现场监测,对渔业水域的主要水生植物进行了调查。结果表明:陕西黄河湿地渔业水域的池塘和大水面硫化氢(H2S)含量均符合标准,池塘和大水面的总磷(TP)及总氮(TN)均不符合标准。池塘和大水面渔业水域环境质量呈明显的富营养化现象,池塘比大水面富营养化现象严重,但湿地大水面的主要理化指标优于池塘,湿地大水面渔业水域生长的水生植物芦苇Phragmites australis和香蒲Typha orientalis对TP和TN具有一定的净化作用,通过监测分析提出了湿地渔业水域的保护措施。  相似文献   

The origin and disappearance of the late Pleistocene-early Holocene short-lived coastal wetlands along the Carmel coast, Israel     

Dorit Sivan  Noam Greenbaum  Guy Sisma-Ventura 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(1):83-92

The formation of short-lived backswamps along the Carmel coast of Israel coincides with the rapid global sea-level rise during the late Pleistocene-early Holocene transition. The current study shows that the wetland phenomena originated around 10,000 yr ago and dried up shortly before the local Pre-Pottery Neolithic humans settled on the wetland dark clay sediments 9430 cal yr BP. Palaeontological and stable-isotope data were used in this study to elucidate previously published sedimentological reconstruction obtained from a core drilled into the western trough of the Carmel coastal plain. The water body contained typical brackish calcareous fauna, with variable numerical abundance and low species richness of ostracods and foraminifera. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of the ostracod Cyprideis torosa show close similarity to the present Pleistocene coastal aquifer isotopic values. This study therefore concludes that the wetlands were shallow-water bodies fed by groundwater, with no evidence of sea-water mixing. It seems that they developed as the result of high groundwater levels, transportation of sediments landward, and deposition of sand bars at the paleo-river mouths. It is still not fully understood why these wetlands deteriorated abruptly and disappeared within less than 1000 yr.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic response of the Breton Sound estuary to pulsed Mississippi River inputs     

Haosheng Huang  Dubravko JusticRobert R. Lane  John W. DayJaye E. Cable 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Pulsed re-introduction of Mississippi River water into the deltaic plain has been proposed as a wetland restoration strategy for coastal Louisiana. In this study, the hydrodynamic response of the Breton Sound estuary to a two-week pulse of Mississippi River water via the Caernarvon river diversion structure was investigated using a barotropic, three-dimensional, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The numerical model was driven by tidal and subtidal forcing at the open Gulf boundary, freshwater discharge from the Caernarvon river diversion structure, as well as wind stress at the water surface. After successfully validating the model with field observations, three numerical experiments were run to assess the response of current, water level, and marsh flooding to different diversion discharge scenarios. The three scenarios considered were: a pulsed scenario of ∼200 m³ s⁻¹ corresponding to the actual diversion discharge in March 2001, a constant discharge scenario of 40 m³ s⁻¹ corresponding to the annually averaged discharge of 2001, and a scenario with no discharge. Numerical simulation results indicated that constant 40 m³ s⁻¹ discharge caused little change in wetland inundation comparing to the no discharge case and, thus, inter-exchange between deep channels and the wetlands was not improved by this rate of diversion discharge. In contrast, the two-week ∼200 m³ s⁻¹ discharge caused enhanced water exchange between wetlands and adjacent water bodies, substantially increasing water velocity in the bayous and channels of the upper estuary. These effects occurred in the estuary to about 20–25 km from the diversion structure, and caused a noticeable increase in down-estuary residual current with a significant reduction of local estuarine residence times for the whole estuary. Beyond 30 km from the diversion structure, the impact of high water discharge was small and the hydrodynamics was mostly controlled by tides and wind.  相似文献   

盐城海岸带表层土壤重金属的空间分布及其影响因素研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

方淑波  贾晓波  王玉  张新生  安树青  郑正  杨晓英 《海洋科学》2011,35(5):82-88

以盐城海岸带为研究对象,分析了Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,V,Zn,Co,Cd 9种重金属元素在二维空间分布的异质性,以及沿着经纬度方向的梯度变化,并通过主成分分析和元素区域背景值的分析,探讨重金属元素的可能来源.结果表明:自陆向海存在着逐渐减少的格局梯度,而在区域的北部分布着重金属元素的峰值;二维分析的结果表明,重...  相似文献   

青岛大沽河河口湿地芦苇的生长及生物量动态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

昝肖肖  徐宾铎  任一平  王小林  蔡星媛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(11):27-33

根据2009年4～10月在大沽河河口湿地进行的芦苇(Phragmites australis)调查,研究该区域芦苇主要生长季节期间生长及生物量动态变化。结果表明:在生长季节,芦苇株高逐渐增加,10月最高达(2305.35±65.48)(平均值±标准误差,下同)mm;植株密度呈下降趋势,5月最高为(362.33±24.52)株.m-2,9月最低为(255.0±36.17)株.m-2;株高与植株密度二者无显著相关性。地上部生物量月间变化较大,总体呈上升趋势,最大值出现在10月,干质量变化范围为(37.59±13.94)～(7033.02±967.37)g.m-2。叶片、茎与叶鞘等构件生物量总体呈上升趋势,干质量最大值出现在10月,分别为(1264.32±202.19)、(3667.58±475.22)、(1123.78±178.37)g.m-2。5～10月,芦苇地上部同化器官与非同化器官生物量之比F/C值呈降低趋势,地上部非同化器官生物量对地上部总生物量的变化有较大贡献。初步分析表明降水量对芦苇地上部生物量增长有较大影响。芦苇地下各层生物量变化基本相同,月间差异不显著。芦苇根冠比5～10月处于0.29～1.93范围内。芦苇根冠比的变化受外界环境因素的影响,其变化与地上、地下生物量密切相关。根系生长变化与芦苇植株自身对营养等生存条件获取的自我调控有关。  相似文献   

A comparison between saline and freshwater wetlands on Bloodwood Station,the Paroo,Australia, with special reference to their use by waterbirds     

Brian V. Timms 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1996,5(4):287-313

Bloodwood Station, 130 km NW of Bourke, NSW, has a diverse array of intermittently flooded wetlands raging from salinas to fresh waters, either clear, opaque or very turbid, and from relatively large (820 ha) to quite small (<1 ha). A study during 1995 followed the filling of 22 wetlands after heavy rain in January to subsequent drying or recession, and looked at the relationship between physicochemical features, aquatic plants, zooplankton, littoral invertebrates, tadpoles, and waterbirds. Wetlands were delineated into two major groups: saline and fresh, with the latter subdivided into five types — clear fresh waters, artificial tanks, vegetated pans, turbid pans, and miscellaneous. The saline lakes developed extensive beds of macrophytes some months after filling which attracted large number of waterbirds. Later, abundant Zooplankton were feed for many Pink-eared Duck. Most of the fresh waters developed large initial populations of phyllopodous crustaceans, Zooplankton and tadpoles, but these waters attracted few waterbirds. Clearer fresh waters later grew macrophytes which attracted many waterbirds, but the turbid claypans remained unattractive to waterbirds during their existence, despite harbouring a host of invertebrates. The vegetated pans, artificial tanks and miscellaneous sites attracted only a few waterbirds, but the tanks along with the persistent clear fresh waters become important as feeding and resting sites as other wetlands dried towards the year end. Few waterbirds bred on these wetlands during 1995. However, many were important as major feeding sites and formed part of a mosaic of intermittent wetlands for Australia's inland waterbirds.  相似文献   

森林湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评估研究综述   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杨一  边红枫  杨絮 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(2):63-67

森林湿地生态服务功能价值评估逐渐成为湿地科学前沿领域的热点话题。在介绍当前森林湿地生态系统定义和分布的基础上,综述了森林湿地主要生态服务功能的类型、机理和价值评估方法,旨在加强人们对森林湿地生态系统服务功能的认识,并为森林湿地的管理与保护提供科学支持。  相似文献   

近32年塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地湿地演化遥感分析     

曾光  高会军  朱刚 《国土资源遥感》2013,25(3)

以1975年MSS,2000年ETM和2007年CBERS 02三期遥感数据为基础信息源,对塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地湿地演化特征及主要驱动力进行了分析.结果表明:①32 a间,准噶尔盆地湿地面积增加了254.94 km2,塔里木盆地湿地面积减少了2 739.88 km2,沼泽湿地的严重退化引起了塔里木盆地湿地的锐减;②塔里木盆地湿地演化可分为破碎化和消亡2个发展阶段,湿地主导类型已由沼泽湿地转变为河流湿地,景观多样性指数与均匀度指数降低,说明湿地多样性减小;准噶尔盆地湿地景观多样性指数和均匀度指数持续增加,而优势度指数持续减小,说明湿地景观结构趋于均匀化;③塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地年降水量和年均气温呈逐年上升趋势,增加量分别为0.59 mm/a和0.042℃/a,1.69 mm/a和0.047℃/a;准噶尔盆地湿地演化与气候变化密切相关;④1975-2000年和2000-2007年间,塔里木盆地因“围湿造田”直接丧失的湿地面积高达1 035.06 km2和1 030.30 km2,分别占2个时期湿地减少面积的81.74％和69.92％.人类活动是引起塔里木盆地湿地面积锐减的主要原因.  相似文献   

Hydrologic comparison between a forested and a wetland/lake dominated watershed using SWAT     

Kangsheng Wu  Carol A. Johnston 《水文研究》2008,22(10):1431-1442

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a physically‐based hydrologic model developed for agricultural watersheds, which has been infrequently validated for forested watersheds, particularly those with deep overwinter snow accumulation and abundant lakes and wetlands. The goal of this study was to determine the applicability of SWAT for modelling streamflow in two watersheds of the Ontonagon River basin of northern Michigan which differ in proportion of wetland and lake area. The forest‐dominated East Branch watershed contains 17% wetland and lake area, whereas the wetland/lake‐dominated Middle Branch watershed contains 26% wetland and lake area. The specific objectives were to: (1) calibrate and validate SWAT models for the East Branch and Middle Branch watersheds to simulate monthly stream flow, and (2) compare the effects of wetland and lake abundance on the magnitude and timing of streamflow. Model calibration and validation was satisfactory, as determined by deviation of discharge D and Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient values E that compared simulated monthly mean discharge versus measured monthly mean discharge. Streamflow simulation discrepancies occurred during summer and fall months and dry years. Several snow melting parameters were found to be critical for the SWAT simulation: TIMP (snow temperature lag factor) and SMFMX and SMFMN (melting factors). Snow melting parameters were not transferable between adjacent watersheds. Differences in seasonal pattern of long‐term monthly streamflow were found, with the forest‐dominated watershed having a higher peak flow during April but a lower flow during the remainder of the year in comparison to the wetland and lake‐dominated watershed. The results suggested that a greater proportion of wetland and lake area increases the capacity of a watershed to impound surface runoff and to delay storm and snow melting events. Representation of wetlands and lakes in a watershed model is required to simulate monthly stream flow in a wetland/lake‐dominated watershed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The impact of groundwater–surface water interactions on the water balance of a mesoscale lowland river catchment in northeastern Germany     

Stefan Krause  Axel Bronstert 《水文研究》2007,21(2):169-184

The glacially formed northeastern German lowlands are characterized by extensive floodplains, often interrupted by relatively steep moraine hills. The hydrological cycle of this area is governed by the tight interaction of surface water dynamics and the corresponding directly connected shallow groundwater aquifer. Runoff generation processes, as well as the extent and spatial distribution of the interaction between surface water and groundwater, are controlled by floodplain topography and by surface water dynamics. A modelling approach based on extensive experimental analyses is presented that describes the specific water balance of lowland areas, including the interactions of groundwater and surface water, as well as reflecting the important role of time‐variable shallow groundwater stages for runoff generation in floodplains. In the first part, experimental investigations of floodplain hydrological characteristics lead to a qualitative understanding of the water balance processes and to the development of a conceptual model of the water balance and groundwater dynamics of the study area. Thereby model requirements which allow for an adequate simulation of the floodplain hydrology, considering also interactions between groundwater and surface water have been characterized. Based on these analyses, the Integrated Modelling of Water Balance and Nutrient Dynamics (IWAN) approach has been developed. This consists of coupling the surface runoff generation and soil water routines of the deterministic, spatially distributed hydrological model WASIM‐ETH‐I with the three‐dimensional finite‐difference‐based numerical groundwater model MODFLOW and Processing MODFLOW. The model was applied successfully to a mesoscale subcatchment of the Havel River in northeast Germany. It was calibrated for two small catchments (1·4 and 25 km²), where the importance of the interaction processes between groundwater and surface waters and the sensitivity of several controlling parameters could be quantified. Validation results are satisfying for different years for the entire 198 km² catchment. The model approach was further successfully tested for specific events. The experimental area is a typical example of a floodplain‐dominated landscape. It was demonstrated that the lateral flow processes and the interactions between groundwater and surface water have a major importance for the water balance and periodically superimposed on the vertical runoff generation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献