香港一富营养河港内的底泥耗氧和营养盐释放     

H. Chu  P. H. F. Yu  M. W. L. Cheung 《湖泊科学》1998,10(S1):275-282

Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo₂ · m^-2 · h^-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m^-2 · h^-1, respectively.  相似文献   

Investigating Bermuda's pollution history through stable isotope analyses of modern and museum-held gorgonian corals     

David M. Baker  Thaddeus J.T. Murdoch  Inga Conti-Jerpe  Marilyn Fogel 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):169-175

For centuries, Bermuda has been challenged with wastewater management for the protection of human and environmental health. By quantifying the δ¹⁵N of the common sea fan Gorgonia ventalina sampled from 30 sites throughout Bermuda we show that sewage-derived nitrogen is detectable on nearshore coral reefs and declines across the lagoon to the outer rim. We also sampled gorgonians from two museum collections representing a 50y time-series (1958–2008). These samples revealed an increase in δ¹⁵N of > 4.0‰ until the mid-1970s, after which δ¹⁵N values slowly declined by ~ 2.0‰. A δ¹⁵N chronology from a gorgonian skeleton exhibited a similar decline over the last 30–40 years of approximately 0.6‰. We conclude that policies have been effective in reducing sewage impacts to Bermudian reefs. However, significant sources of sewage pollution persist and are likely have a strong impact on harbor and nearshore coral communities and human health.  相似文献   

不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

段寅  荣传新  程桦  蔡海兵  解德柱  丁杨龙 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):479-490

拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程, 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景, 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点, 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明： 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降, 随后逐渐减缓, 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳, 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求; 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁, 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体; 积极冻结21 h后, 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大, 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm, 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下, 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内, 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下, 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱, 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在, 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下, 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时, 更加便于安装且经济环保。  相似文献   

基于半分析算法的香港邻近海域叶绿素a浓度反演   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

席红艳  张渊智  丘仲锋  何宜军  简伟军 《湖泊科学》2009,21(2):199-206

为进一步了解香港近海水体特性及监测其水质状况,根据2001年3-5月在香港临近海域调查取得的实测资料,对该海域水体光谱进行解析,开发该海域叶绿素a浓度与色素吸收系数aph(675)的经验模型,具有较高相关性;用剖面数据外推及水体光谱模拟方法完成对水下表面遥感反射率光谱的推导;进而建屯反演低浓度区叶绿素a浓度的半分析算法,反演结果与实测值比较平均相对误差为45%,均方根差0.933,相关系数0.78,误差主要来源于外推演算及散射模型.结果表明该算法在低悬浮物低叶绿素浓度区域有一定适用性.  相似文献   

香港自由港模式发展演化、动力机制及启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈会珠  孟广文  高玉萍  杨爽  邵擎峰 《热带地理》2015,35(1):70-80

文章在总结并回顾香港由转口贸易型自由港、加工贸易型自由港向综合型自由港和跨区域综合型自由港的演化历程的基础上,分析探讨了区位市场、运行机制、政策框架、要素投入等内部动因与国际经济环境、政治环境等外部动因的相互作用,共同推动其发展演化的动力机制。最后提出香港自由港发展演化对中国自由贸易区建立与发展的几点启示：1）依据其发展阶段与条件选择与之相适应的发展模式;2）选择区位条件有利的地区建设自由贸易区;3）自由贸易港或贸易区持续发展的必要条件是能保持相对稳定的政治环境和相对独立的行政单元;4）自由贸易港（区）功能和作用的充分发挥离不开自由的经济制度和仿真的国际化经营环境。  相似文献   

中国农民旅游流网络重心轨迹的演化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈超  马海涛  陈楠  陈胡玥 《地理研究》2014,33(7):1306-1314

农民旅游流是旅游地理学研究的热点问题,其旅游重心能综合反映旅游流网络的空间扩散和集聚特征。运用国内农村居民旅游者的流向抽样调查数据,构建农民旅游流网络重心、旅游流向、移动距离模型,对农民旅游流的重心轨迹进行研究。结果显示：农民旅游流网络重心隐含农民旅游客源地和目的地双重心的内在联系特性,两种重心呈现“偏南-西南-东北-偏东”的演变轨迹,农民旅游客源地重心与目的地重心存在空间错位;农民旅游流网络重心的移动幅度东西方向大于南北方向,2003-2004 年与2004-2005 年的重心移动距离尺度大于其他时期;其网络重心与经济收入、人口、入境旅游三项重心比较明显偏西南部,呈现客源地重心向东南部、目的地重心向东转北的发展趋势,农民旅游客源地出游力存在区域差异、目的地吸引力存在空间不平衡。本研究作为旅游产业的区域布局与旅游资源的科学配置的基础工作,可为深化农民旅游市场开发以及预测旅游流的动态提供新视角。  相似文献   

MANAGING PLANET EARTH TO MAKE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT MORE SUSTAINABLE： CLIMATE CHANGE AND HONG KONG          下载免费PDF全文

W.W.-S.Yim  C.D.Ollier 《第四纪研究》2009,29(2):190-198

Selected recent findings related to climate change in Hong Kong include： (1)The Hong Kong seafloor has yielded a ca0.5-million year record of climate and sealevel changes.(2)Greenhouse gases produced naturally from subaerially exposed continental shelves and oceanic islands were a probable forcing mechanism in triggering the abrupt termination of past ice ages. (3)An analysis of annual mean temperature records has revealed that the urban heat island effect has contributed ca75％ of the warming. (4)Past volcanic eruptions are found to lower Hong Kongs temperature and to cause extremely dry and wet years. (5)No evidence can be found for an increase in frequency and intensity of typhoons based on the instrumental record since the end of the Second World War. (6)The observed rate of sealevel rise in the South China Sea is much slower than the predictions of the IPCC Fourth Assessment.
For the Earths management, population growth and the depletion of nonrenewable resources must be recognized as unsustainable. The human impact on the natural hydrological cycle is an important forcing mechanism in climate change. In order to delay the demise of the human race, management must include curbing population growth and much more waste recycling than at present.  相似文献   

深圳香港海域可能最高潮位和浪高计算分析     

毛献忠  姜茜 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):129-135

基于历史数据的分析,选择历史上强度最强的台风"荷贝"作为设计超强台风的强度,最不利路径的台风"雪莉"作为设计路径,作为深圳香港海域设计超强台风。采用海洋-陆架区-海岸三重嵌套网格建立的天文潮-风暴潮-台风浪耦合模型计算设计超强台风遭遇天文大潮的高潮位登陆时深圳香港海域的可能最高潮位和浪高。计算结果表明,大鹏湾北部和香港吐露港内,可能最高风暴潮位在3.00 m以上,浪高达到4.0～5.0 m;香港维多利亚港风暴潮位2.92 m,深圳香港水域东部南部在2.50 m以上,浪高3.0～5.0 m。可能最高风暴潮位比大鹏湾防潮警戒水位高1.62 m左右,比香港维多利亚港200年一遇的潮位高0.50 m。  相似文献   

Industrial structural changes in Hong Kong, China under one country, two systems framework     

Simon Xiaobin ZHAO  Carola B RAMóN-BERJANO 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(3):302-318

Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated business and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region,since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems (OCTS) in 1997.This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial structural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities.The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland’s cities as the rise of China,the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world will brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal deformation characteristics of marine alluvial deposits due to land reclamation: implications from InSAR observation and geotechnical estimate     

Liming Jiang  Hui Lin  Qing Zhao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(3):331-343

Ground deformation of reclaimed land is a key issue for reclamation design, construction and sustainable development in coastal areas as this consolidation process of the underlying compressible marine sediment sequences over very long‐time periods could lead to damage of both ground constructions and underground facilities. In this case study, we have investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of residual reclamation settlement of Chek Lap Kok Airport, Hong Kong, one of the largest land reclamation projects worldwide. A total of 25 time series ENVISAT ASAR datasets, acquired between December 2003 and October 2008, were used to retrieve settlement rates and deformation history at high resolution and accuracy by means of advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). The InSAR‐derived results show a fairly homogenous and stable pattern in the sectors of the airport site corresponding to the two original islands of Chek Lap Kok and Lam Chau. In contrast, a relatively high spatial settlement variability, ranging from moderate (3–7?mm/yr) to strong (>10?mm/yr) settlement rates, was discovered within the majority of the reclaimed portion of the airport. A joint analysis of InSAR observations and geological materials indicates that the variability of the recorded residual settlement was highly correlated with the variations of thickness and pre‐consolidation state of alluvial deposits below the reclamation. A quantitative comparison analysis also has been carried out between time series InSAR observations and theoretical estimates of residual settlement modelled by geotechnical investigations. The results imply that a primary consolidation process in alluvial deposits below the reclamation might be delayed with respect to the predicted results and may still have been occurring in most reclaimed areas during the investigation period (2003–2008); the time to complete it could stretch to decades depending on hydraulic conductivity and natural drainage conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献