碳市场顶层设计路线图     

邹骥  柴麒敏  陈济  傅莎  葛兴安  胡敏  李昂  林丹妮  林殷  刘冬惠  刘俊伶  刘爽  祁悦  王克  王庶  张俊杰 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(3):217-221

中国正面临着低碳减排和保持经济增速的双重挑战。为利用碳排放权交易机制以最低的社会成本实现减排目标,我国自2013年起开始建设碳排放权交易试点,并于2017年12月起宣布正式启动全国碳市场。然而碳市场的顶层设计不可一蹴而就,需要在我国宏观经济改革的大背景下分阶段逐步推进。短期（2020年前）碳市场建设重在强化产权制度建设,完善市场交易基础。中期（2021—2030年）碳市场建设要形成活跃的市场氛围,充分降低我国的温室气体达峰成本。长期（2031—2050年）碳市场建设要形成稳定上升的碳价趋势,为我国的低碳转型提供长期动力。  相似文献   

The strain‐dependent spatial evolution of garnet in a high‐P ductile shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway): a synchrotron X‐ray microtomography study          下载免费PDF全文

A. Macente  F. Fusseis  L. Menegon  X. Xiao  T. John 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(5):565-583

Reaction and deformation microfabrics provide key information to understand the thermodynamic and kinetic controls of tectono‐metamorphic processes, however, they are usually analysed in two dimensions, omitting important information regarding the third spatial dimension. We applied synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography to document the evolution of a pristine olivine gabbro into a deformed omphacite–garnet eclogite in four dimensions, where the 4^th dimension is represented by the degree of strain. In the investigated samples, which cover a strain gradient into a shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway), we focused on the spatial transformation of garnet coronas into elongated garnet clusters with increasing strain. The microtomographic data allowed quantification of garnet volume, shape and spatial arrangement evolution with increasing strain. The microtomographic observations were combined with light microscope and backscatter electron images as well as electron microprobe (EMPA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to correlate mineral composition and orientation data with the X‐ray absorption signal of the same mineral grains. With increasing deformation, the garnet volume almost triples. In the low‐strain domain, garnet grains form a well interconnected large garnet aggregate that develops throughout the entire sample. We also observed that garnet coronas in the gabbros never completely encapsulate olivine grains. In the most highly deformed eclogites, the oblate shapes of garnet clusters reflect a deformational origin of the microfabrics. We interpret the aligned garnet aggregates to direct synkinematic fluid flow, and consequently influence the transport of dissolved chemical components. EBSD analyses reveal that garnet shows a near‐random crystal preferred orientation that testifies no evidence for crystal plasticity. There is, however evidence for minor fracturing, neo‐nucleation and overgrowth. Microprobe chemical analysis revealed that garnet compositions progressively equilibrate to eclogite facies, becoming more almandine‐rich. We interpret these observations as pointing to a mechanical disintegration of the garnet coronas during strain localization, and their rearrangement into individual garnet clusters through a combination of garnet coalescence and overgrowth while the rock was deforming.  相似文献   

Tectonics of the Scandian orogeny and the Western Gneiss Region in southern Norway     

F. H. Koenemann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(4):696-717

Two crust-forming events dominate the Precambrian history of the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) at about 1800–1600 Ma and 1550–1400 Ma. The influence of the Sveconorwegian orogeny (1200–900 Ma) is restricted to the region south of Moldefjord-Romsdalen. A series of anorthosites and related intrusives are present, possibly derived from the now-lost western margin of the Baltic craton that may have been emplaced in the WGR as an allochthonous unit before the Ordovician.The Caledonian development is split into two orogenic phases, the Finnmarkian (Cambrian — Early Ordovician) and the Scandian (Late Ordovician/Early Silurian — Devonian). The lower tectonic units west of the Trondheim Trough may be Finnmarkian nappes ; they were part of the lower plate during the Scandian continental collision. The Blåhö nappe is correlated with dismembered eclogite bodies along the coast. A regional change of nappe transport direction from 090 to 135 marks the initiation of an orogen-parallel sinistral shear component around 425 Ma. The change caused the development of a complex sinistral strike-slip system in the Trondheim region consisting of the Möre-Tröndelag Fault Zone and the Gränse contact. The latter cut the crust underneath the already emplaced Trondheim Nappe Complex, thus triggering the intrusion of the Fongen-Hyllingen igneous complex, and initiating subsidence of the Trondheim Trough, and was subsequently turned from a strike-slip zone into an extensional fault. Minor southward transport of the Trondheim Nappe Complex rejuvenated some thrusts between the Lower and the Middle Allochthon. A seismic reflector underneath the WGR is interpreted to be a blind thrust which subcrops into the Faltungsgraben. During Middle Devonian orogenic collapse, detachment faulting brought higher units, now eroded elsewhere, down to the present outcrop level, such as the Bergen and Dalsfjord nappe and the Old Red basins.  相似文献   

The reserves of extracted resources: Historical data     

Julian L. Simon  Guenter Weinrauch  Stephen Moore 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):325-340

The available data on known reserves of extracted resources have not previously been tabulated and graphed. In this article we compile the reserves data in one place for the first time. This serves to (1) show the trends in the reserves series, (2) make the series available to others, and (3) place the reserves data in the context of price data for which longer series have been available, and with which they can now be seen to be consistent in both showing increasing availability rather than increasing scarcity.  相似文献   

近十余年来广东的经济增长与结构转化     

李立勋  邱建华 《地理科学》1994,14(2):118-126

  相似文献   

三峡地区水资源评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵海瑞  储开凤 《水文》1995,(3):12-19

在大量水文资料统计分析的基础上，对三峡地区主要水文要素的时空分布及变化特征、分区水资源的评价和开发利用条件进行了系统分析，可为三峡工程建设提供该地区社会经济发展的科学依据和基本的水文水资源数据。  相似文献   

湖北大别山区土地资源生产力估算     

张安录  谭传凤 《山地学报》1993,(1)

本文以湖北大别山区为例,提出了自然条件复杂,资料缺乏的山区土地资源第一性生产力的估算方法,并计算了湖北大别山区土地资源的生产力。即在土地资源带及类型(组合)区划分的基础上,以资源类型(组合)区为基本单元,通过典型地区抽样获取资料,运用多种数学模型测算,并经过综合判定,求得各类型(组合)区,资源带主要作物的第一性生产力。  相似文献   

祁连山北坡水热条件对林草分布的影响     

陈昌毓 《山地学报》1993,(2)

采用气候学方法,计算了祁连山北坡不同海拔处的年降水量和乔木林年蒸散量,据此确定了满足乔木林需水的高度带。分析所得的7月均温10℃和6℃,可分别作为乔木林和灌木林生长的温度下限指标。据祁连山北坡水热条件的分布特点,确定了海拔2500—3200米处适宜发展乔木林,其生长以海拔2700—2900米处为最佳,海拔3200—3700米处适宜发展灌木林,其余山区只能生长草类。  相似文献   

我国天山山区公路山地灾害及其防治     

朱诚 《山地学报》1993,(2)

天山山区公路山地灾害主要出现于海拔>3000米的现代冰缘区,遭山地灾害威胁较严重的是独山子—库车公路和乌鲁木齐—库尔勒公路。较突出的山地灾害是雪崩、风吹雪、自然积雪、泥石流与石冰川,其次是倒石堆、热融滑塌和热融掏蚀。该区公路山地灾害防治应采取预防为主、防治结合的原则,此外应加强灾害预报。  相似文献   

横断山区花岗岩类中角闪石的标型特征及其成因意义   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

谢应雯  张玉泉 《矿物学报》1990,10(1):35-45

本文研究了横断山区不同成因类型花岗岩中角闪石的化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素、晶胞参数和物理性质等特征。按化学成分对角闪石作了晶体化学成因分类。在三种不同成因类型角闪石中，其M值[M=Mg/(Mg Fe^2 )]各不相同；幔型M＞0．7，壳幔型M＝0．7－0．5，壳型M<0．5。  相似文献