‘Development’, resistance and the geographies of affect in Oecussi: Timor‐Leste's Special Economic Zone (ZEESM)          下载免费PDF全文

Michael Rose 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(2):201-215

In 2013, it was announced that Timor‐Leste's Oecussi enclave would become the site of a special economic zone. Arid, and inhabited mostly by semi‐subsistence farmers from West Timor's Meto ethno‐linguistic group, the plan entails remaking the enclave as an industrial, transport and tourism hub. To facilitate this, in mid‐2015 the authorities began the process of clearing hundreds of indigenous gardens and homes from land slated for mega‐projects intended to make the region attractive to foreign investors. In this paper, I describe how, for many Meto, land tends to be experienced as a spiritually mediated ‘geography of affect’ (Lea & Woodward, 2010) in which questions of place, belonging, spirituality and personal fortune cannot easily be divided, a reality that raises questions about the suitability of the plan's vision of globalized and investment driven ‘development’. Drawing on Scott, I argue that in Oecussi, spirits associated with the land are not apolitical, but are sometimes perceived as acting to protect locals against powerful outsiders – a characteristically Meto ‘weapon of the weak’ that is in keeping with their previous encounters with colonial regimes.  相似文献   

Lahar hazard micro-zonation and risk assessment in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Franck Lavigne 《GeoJournal》1999,49(2):173-183

Yogyakarta urban area (500,000 inhab.) is located in Central Java on the fluvio-volcanic plain beside Merapi volcano, one of the most active of the world. Since the last eruption of Merapi in November 1994, the Code river, which goes across this city, is particularly threatened by lahars (volcanic debris flows). Until now, no accurate hazard map exists and no risk assessment has been done. Therefore, we drew a detailed hazard map (1/2,000 scale), based on morphometric surveys of the Code channel and on four scenarios of discharge. An additional risk assessment revealed that about 13,000 people live at risk along this river, and that the approximate value of likely loss is US $ 52 millions. However, the risk level varies between the urban suburbs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Land use change under conditions of high population pressure: the case of Java   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Peter H. Verburg  Tom Veldkamp  Johan Bouma 《Global Environmental Change》1999,9(4):303

A long history of increases in population pressure in Java has caused agricultural land use to expand and intensify. More recent land use changes caused the conversion of prime agricultural land into residential and industrial area. Results of a dynamic, regional-scale, land use change model are presented, defining the spatial distribution of these land use changes. The model is based on multi-scale modelling of the relations between land use and socio-economic and biophysical determinants. Historical validation showed that the model can adequately simulate the pattern of land use change. Future patterns of land use change between 1994 and 2010 are simulated assuming further urbanization. The results suggest that most intensive land use changes will occur in Java's lowland areas.  相似文献   

Indonesian aquaculture futures: An analysis of fish supply and demand in Indonesia to 2030 and role of aquaculture using the AsiaFish model     

《Marine Policy》2017

This paper explores the seafood sector in Indonesia, using fish supply-demand modeling, with special focus on the growing role of aquaculture in the country's food portfolio. The paper describes six scenarios for future fish supply–demand dynamics and examines the role of aquaculture growth in fish supply in Indonesia. A business as usual scenario (BAU) assumed exogenous variables of our supply-demand model following historical trends. Five alternative scenarios explored the implications of stagnant capture fisheries; export-oriented growth of aquaculture; domestic-oriented aquaculture growth; slow growth of aquaculture sector; and disease outbreaks to key aquaculture species. The BAU scenario projected that fish supply and demand in Indonesia continues to increase over time and strong aquaculture growth is critical to meet increasing demand for fish. Stagnant capture fisheries resulted in increasing fish prices and decreasing fish consumption. Export-oriented aquaculture growth benefitted fish supply and exports, but also helped lower domestic prices and thus increase consumption. An emphasis on domestic aquaculture commodities increased fish supply, providing best domestic consumption outcomes and lower consumer prices. Slow aquaculture growth reduced fish supply and led to undesirable increases in domestic prices and decreasing domestic consumption as a consequence. Disease outbreaks in shrimp and carp aquaculture resulted in a short-term reduction in aquaculture output and increasing fish prices, lowering fish consumption.  相似文献   

印尼大地震震前次声异常信号的分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏雅琴  魏树红  陈维升  李均之 《国际地震动态》2005,(12):31-36

2004年12月26日发生在印尼苏门答腊岛附近印度洋海斌的地震震级高达9．0（Mw9．0）,引起了巨大海啸．造成了几十万人的伤亡,至今全世界的人们还记忆犹新。美国地质调查局把此次地震列为百年以来全球第五大地震。时隔3个月,2005年3月29日在印尼又发生了Ms8．7地震,5月17日再次发生了7．1级地震。北京工业大学地震研究所在这几次印尼地震前都收到次声波异常信号,本文对这些异常信号进行了初步的分析与探讨。  相似文献   

More than Carbon Stocks： A Case Study of Ecosystem-based Benefits of REDD＋ in Indonesia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LU Heli  YAN Weiyang  QINYaochen  LIU Guifang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(4):390-401

During the 15th Conference of the Parties(COP 15),Parties agreed that reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing ’removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests’(REDD+) in developing countries through positive incentives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) was capable of dealing with global emissions.As REDD+ seeks to lower emissions by stopping deforestation and forest degradation with an international payment tier according to baseline scenarios,opportunities for ecosystem benefits such as slowing habitat fragmentation,conservation of forest biodiversity,soil conservation may be also part of this effort.The primary objective of this study is to evaluate ecosystem-based benefits of REDD+,and to identify the relationships with carbon stock changes.To achieve this goal,high resolution satellite images are combined with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) to identify historical deforestation in study area of Central Kalimantan,Indonesia.The carbon emissions for the period of 2000-2005 and 2005-2009 are 2.73 × 10 5 t CO 2 and 1.47 × 10 6 t CO 2 respectively,showing an increasing trend in recent years.Dring 2005-2009,number of patches(NP),patch density(PD),mean shape index distribution(SHAPE_MN) increased 30.8%,30.7% and 7.6%.Meanwhile,largest patch index(LPI),mean area(AREA_MN),area-weighted mean of shape index distribution(SHAPE_AM),neighbor distance(ENN_MN) and interspersion and juxtaposition index(IJI) decreased by 55.3%,29.7%,15.8%,53.4% and 21.5% respectively.The area regarding as positive correlation between carbon emissions and soil erosion was approximately 8.9 × 10 3 ha corresponding to 96.0% of the changing forest.These results support the view that there are strong synergies among carbon loss,forest fragmentation and soil erosion in tropical forests.Such mechanism of REDD+ is likely to present opportunities for multiple benefits that fall outside the scope of carbon stocks.  相似文献   

印度尼西亚方程的改进及其在大庆长垣低孔渗储层的应用     

宋延杰  李怀彪  徐广田  李郑辰  邢丽波  张永梅 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(2):14-21,123,124

针对大庆长垣F油层储层具有孔隙度小、渗透率低、泥质含量高、微孔隙发育、束缚水饱和度高等特点,通过理论和实验分析长垣F油层低孔、低渗储层的主要导电因素,得出泥质附加导电和束缚水导电是该区F油层的低孔、低渗泥质砂岩储层的重要导电因素.考虑束缚水和可动水导电路径不同,基于三水导电模型的推导原理,建立混合水等效电导率方程;依据该区矿化度较低和含泥高的储层特征,对适用于淡水高泥储层的印度尼西亚方程进行改进,用混合水等效电导率代替原方程中的地层水电导率,建立长垣地区F油层低孔低渗泥质砂岩含水饱和度模型.利用岩心分析数据和常规测井资料,采用多元回归法确定长垣F油层饱和度模型中的泥质体积分数、孔隙度、束缚水饱和度.利用岩电实验数据,采用最优化方法确定长垣F油层饱和度模型中的饱和度指数、胶结指数等参数.经密闭取心井含水饱和度对比和试油结果验证,建立的含水饱和度模型可用于F油层的低孔低渗泥质砂岩储层定量评价.  相似文献   

土壤地球化学测量在印尼某铜铅锌多金属矿区的应用     

李富  马东升  居维伟 《江苏地质》2017,41(1):138-147

通过东南亚—西太平洋多岛地区的热带雨林特殊景观土壤的地球化学测量工作,圈定了12个Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag组合异常,其中6个异常工程验证见矿,扩大了矿体。12个异常中,Ⅰ-1号异常面金属量占全区总面金属量的62.48%,NAP评序值远远大于其他异常,异常元素达13个,是研究区浓集与矿化中心。研究表明,在热带雨林特殊景观地区,土壤地球化学测量与岩石地球化学测量相结合能有效地指导多金属矿床找矿。  相似文献   

印尼8.6级地震甘肃地区流体观测资料同震响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

张昱  李春燕  吴建华  冯博  李晓峰  张辉  张向红 《地震工程学报》2016,38(5):830-837

2012年4月11日印尼苏门答腊发生8.6级、8.2级地震,我国大量地下流体台站记录到丰富的同震响应现象,甘肃地下流体观测资料也出现不同程度的同震响应。本文分析两次大地震时甘肃地区数字化水位、水温同震变化特征和响应能力,得到大部分井水位的同震响应有较一致的变化规律,且以振荡变化为主,震后较快恢复到原有状态,响应程度也与震级密切相关,即震级越大响应能力越强;由于水温和水位有不同的响应机理,因此水温不遵循这种规律,水温观测只有2个井点记录到同震响应,且记录的幅度基本相当,变化周期较大,恢复时间也较慢。  相似文献   

Fluid Inclusion Study and Opaque Mineral Assemblage at the Deep and Shallow Part of the Batu Hijau Porphyry Copper-gold Deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia     

Akira Imai    Yuki Nagai 《Resource Geology》2009,59(3):231-243

The Batu Hijau deposit is the only porphyry type deposit in production in the Sunda‐Banda arc, Indonesia. This study discusses the reason for the localization of copper grade at the deep part of the deposit based on the observation of opaque mineral assemblage. In addition, the formation condition of quartz veins and opaque minerals is discussed on the basis of the fluid inclusion microthermometry. Samples were selected from drill holes SBD100, SBD168, SBD194, SBD254, and SBD257 to cover the wide vertical range. At the Batu Hijau deposit, quartz veins have been classified mainly into four types called A, B, C and D veins, and the A veins contain mainly bornite, often associated with digenite and chalcocite. In addition, magnetite occurs in A veins. However, at the deep part of the deposit, there are quartz veins associated with magnetite, but few copper sulfides such as bornite and chalcopyrite in quartz veins, as observed in SBD257. Quartz veins at depth in SBD257 have abundant magnetite and pyrite. Pyrite in quartz veins at depth in SBD257 mainly occur at the rim of magnetite grains or interstices between them. In quartz veins in SBD254, there are abundant copper sulfides such as bornite and chalcopyrite in spite of the depth. Bornite and chalcopyrite occur as inclusions in magnetite grains in quartz veins in SBD254. Pyrite which often occurs in low grade zone in quartz veins in SBD254 is also recognized at the rims of copper sulfides. This indicates that pyrite in SBD257 and SBD254 formed later than magnetite. On the other hand, blebs of bornite and chalcopyrite inclusions in magnetite grains, which are recognized in quartz veins in SBD168 at shallow high grade part, suggest that the hydrothermal fluid, from which magnetite was deposited also brought the copper sulfides such as bornite and chalcopyrite to the deep part of the Batu Hijau deposit. Therefore, it is concluded that initially the high grade ore zone extended to depth without localization. However due to the later overprinting hydrothermal activity, copper sulfides and magnetite were replaced or dissolved and pyrite was formed, resulting the low grade zone at the deep part of the deposit. Dissolution temperatures (Td) of halite obtained by from fluid inclusion microthermometry show significant differences between SBD168 and other drill holes. The high Td obtained in SBD168 may indicate larger volume of NaCl crystals in hydrothermal fluid at the time of entrapment of the fluid inclusions and formation of other opaque minerals such as magnetite and copper‐iron sulfides. It suggests that the ratio of vapor to brine is also higher at the shallow part of the deposit. The higher vapor to brine ratio may suggest a higher degree of boiling. Removal of vapor phase separated from brine during boiling increases the concentration of substances dissolved in the brine, and this will result in saturation, as evidenced by the salinity and NaCl saturation. The higher degree of boiling suggested by the higher vapor to brine ratio at shallow part may have increased the copper concentration in the brine that may have lead the saturation, resulted in the deposition of copper‐bearing minerals.  相似文献