放射性同位素比值鉴别异常     

高峰 《铀矿地质》1993,(1)

本文总结了用放射性同位素比值方法对铀矿化(点)和综合异常进行鉴别和评价的应用效果,指出该方法对鉴别地表异常的真假、评价铀呈矿现象有独到之处。  相似文献   

Intracrystalline fractionation of Fe in synthetic (Fe, Mg, Zn) - bearing staurolite: a Mössbauer spectroscopic study     

M. Koch-Müller  I. Abs-Wurmbach  W. Bubenik 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(4):312-321

⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectra of eleven Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 5, 20 and 25 kbar and 680°C, ranging in composition from x_Fe?=1.00 to x_Fe?=0.15, and of two Zn-Fe-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 20 kbar and 700°C with x_Fe?=0.10 and x_Fe?=0.32 were collected at room temperature. The spectra reveal that about 80% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and about 70% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the three subsites Fe1, Fe2 and Fe3 of the tetrahedral T2-site. The refinement of the spectra results in almost identical values for the isomer shift (IS) (±1.0 mm/s) but significantly different values for the quadropole splitting (QS) for the three subsites which is in accordance with the different distortions of these sites. About 8% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and 13% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M4 site, while the remainder percents of Fe_tot indistinguishably occur as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M1 and M2 sites of the kyanite-like part of the structure. Within the whole Fe-Mg-staurolite solid solution series the Mössbauer parameters QS of the sites M4 and (M1, M2) vary systematically with composition whereas IS remains constant. There is a high negative correlation of the total Mg-content with Fe-occupation of all the Fe-bearing sites indicating a continuous substitution of Fe²⁺ by Mg on all these sites. Synthetic Fe-staurolites show no increasing occupation of the octahedral sites by two-valent cations with pressure, as was assumed by several authors.  相似文献   

The role of coarse colloids as a carrier phase for trace metals in riverine systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Davide Vignati  Janusz Dominik 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(2):129-142

  相似文献   

西太平洋海底海山富钴结壳惰性气体同位素组成及其来源   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

孙晓明  薛婷何高文  叶先仁张美陆红锋  王生伟 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2331-2340

采用高真空气体质谱系统测定了西太平洋麦哲伦海山富钴结壳不同层圈及其基岩的惰性气体丰度和同位素组成,结果显示:(1)西太平洋富钴结壳主要是水成成因,其中惰性气体来源不同,He 绝大多数来自宇宙尘(IDPs),少量来自陆源风成微粒;Ar 主要来自海水溶解的大气,少量来自陆源风成微粒或沉积岩建造水;Ne 和 Xe 主要来自海水中溶解大气, 少量来自宇宙尘;(2)在具三层结构的结壳中,亮煤层(致密层)的惰性气体同位素相对外层和疏松层有较大的不同,显示大洋磷酸岩化对早期沉积的结壳惰性气体组成有较大的影响,如导致~4He 的升高和~3He/~4He 的显著降低;(3)太平洋富钴结壳玄武岩基岩的~3He/~4He 非常低,为0.0095～0.074Ra,与本区磷块岩基岩(0.087Ra)相似,而远低于正常海底玄武岩的~3He/~4He 比值,显示这些基岩曾与富含放射性成因~4He 和 P 的上升洋流或沉积物中建造水发生过水/岩反应,这个过程将释放出较多的成矿元素,有利于富钴结壳的形成,海底海山玄武岩中较低的 He 同位素组成可作为富钴结壳的找矿标志之一。  相似文献   

东坪式与正长岩类有关的金矿床成矿机理的同位素地球化学制约     

包志伟  赵振华 《岩石学报》2006,22(10):2534-2542

东坪式金矿床产于华北地台北缘金矿成矿带的冀西北金矿集中区,构造上位于华北克拉通北缘深大断裂-尚义-赤城断裂的南侧。金矿床产于泥盆纪早期(386～410Ma)水泉沟正长岩杂岩体内及接触带附近,矿体分布受脆-韧性剪切断裂构造的制约。金矿成矿作用具有多期次的特点,成矿时代为燕山期(156～203Ma)。矿石类型主要为石英脉型、石英网脉 脉旁钾硅化蚀变岩型和钾硅化蚀变岩型,具有典型的碱性岩金矿的金-碲组合,(含)金矿物主要为自然金、碲金矿和碲金银矿。流体包裹体的 H、O 及 He 同位素研究表明,成矿流体为以大气降水主的混合热液流体并可能存在深源流体的参与。矿床的 S、Pb、Sr 和 Si 同位素组成表明,金矿成矿物质主要来源于正长岩杂岩体,部分源于太古宙桑干群变质岩和燕山期花岗岩。因此,东坪式金矿是由燕山期伸展构造环境下热液流体在上涌地幔及岩浆活动的热驱动下对泥盆纪早期形成的正长岩交代改造的产物。  相似文献   

Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

QIN Shengfei  TANG Xiuyi  SONG Yan  WANG Hongyan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(12):1252-1258

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the flowing water could fractionate the carbon isotope of methane, and easily take heavy carbon isotope away through dissolution.  相似文献   

Lithium isotope fractionation in the southern Cascadia subduction zone   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tom&#x; Magna  Uwe Wiechert  Timothy L. Grove  Alex N. Halliday 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,250(3-4):428-443

We present lithium (Li) abundances and isotope compositions for a suite of anhydrous olivine tholeiites (HAOTs) and hydrous basalt-andesitic (BA) lavas from the Mt. Shasta and Medicine Lake regions, California. The values of δ⁷Li vary from + 0.9‰ to + 6.4‰ and correlate inversely with distance from the trench. These data are consistent with continuous isotope fractionation of Li during dehydration of the subducted oceanic lithosphere, an interpretation corroborated by uniformly high pre-eruptive H₂O contents in basaltic andesites accompanied by high Li, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb abundances. The subduction-derived component that was added to these hydrous magmas is shown to be very similar beneath both Mt. Shasta and Medicine Lake volcanoes despite characteristically distinct Li isotope compositions in the magmas themselves. More evolved andesites and dacites from Mt. Shasta have δ⁷Li from + 2.8 to + 6.9‰ which is identical with the range obtained for HAOTs and BA lavas from Mt. Shasta. Therefore, Li isotopes do not provide evidence for any other crustal component admixed to Mt. Shasta andesites or dacites during magmatic differentiation and magma mixing in the crust.  相似文献   

Element diffusion ability in metasomatic agents and its effect on chemical characteristics of metasomatized peridotites     

Y S O’Reilly 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(9):926-937

The partial melting and metasomatism are two most important geological processes of changing chemical compositions of mantle. Extracting partial melt from primitive mantle leads residual mantle to deplete in- compatible elements, whereas the metasomatism …  相似文献   

多接收器等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)高精度测定Nd同位素方法   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

何学贤  唐索寒  朱祥坤  王进辉 《地球学报》2007,28(4):405-410

多接收器等离子体质谱是近年发展起来的高精度同位素分析手段之一,通过用等离子体质谱测量Nd国际标准材料La Jolla和JMC Nd203以及实际样品GBW04419,研究MC-ICPMS测量Nd的质量分馏特点,解决MC-ICPMS测量的关键所在质量分馏校正.通过修正分馏系数,可以实现理想的分馏校正.结果显示出所得到的分析精度达到热电离质谱的测量水平.具有实际地质样品代表性的实验室内部标准CAGS-Nd-1重现性长期分析结果为:143Nd/144Nd=0.512072±0.000008(2σ,n=140).  相似文献   

对稳定同位素地球化学一个基本原理的反思     

刘耘 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(1):49-51

用基于Urey模型的量子化学从头计算,揭示Fe在FeCN63-和FeCN46-中的不同“自旋态”对同位素分馏行为的巨大影响,说明了只考虑“价态”的做法是不正确的,修正了关于“重同位素倾向于富集在高价化合物中”的这个广泛被接受的基本原理。并首次指出在压力导致自旋态变化的地质过程中,必定存在同位素分馏反常的复杂状况,是值得进一步研究的方向。  相似文献