湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机显微组分分类及其岩石学特征——以酒西盆地为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

涂建琪  陈建平  张大江  程克明  陈建军  杨智明 《岩石学报》2012,28(3):917-926

酒西盆地主力烃源岩为下白垩统下沟组和赤金堡组暗色半深湖相-深湖相的白云质泥岩和泥质白云岩,是典型的湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩。通过对酒西盆地下白垩统二百多块湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩详细的有机岩石学研究,解剖了湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩中有机质的赋存形式,揭示了藻纹层为有机质纹层的主要发育形式,其与富泥晶白云石纹层和富粘土纹层构成湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩特有的"三元式纹层"沉积结构,系统总结了各显微组分的光性、成因、生烃性及分布规律,提出了以全岩和干酪根为基础的湖相碳酸盐岩有机显微组分分类方案,首次鉴定出对酒西盆地油气有贡献的主要生烃组分为腐泥无定形体、腐殖无定形体以及浮游藻类体、孢粉体、壳屑体五种有机显微组分。  相似文献   

An environmental snapshot of the Bølling interstadial in Southern Iberia     

Antonio García-Alix  Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno  Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo  Fernando García-García  Antonio Delgado Huertas 《Quaternary Research》2014

The Bølling–Allerød interstadial is the closest warm time period to the Holocene. The study of the climate variability during this most recent warm scenario provides a natural record of potential environmental changes related with global temperature variations. Little is known about this interstadial in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the exceptional climatic record of the Otiñar paleo-lake (ca. 14.5–14.0 cal ka BP), provides environmental information about the first part of this interstadial (Bølling) in this key region. Although the studied high-resolution isotopic record point to almost invariant hydrological conditions in the paleo-lake, with little change in the carbon budget and important limestone dissolution, the pollen record shows an increase in forest species that can be interpreted as a warming trend and an increase in humidity during the Bølling in the area. This record is one of the few continental archives that show this climatic trend in Southern Iberia, agreeing with many other regional records from the western Mediterranean. This does not agree with higher latitude records that show an opposite trend. This opposite pattern in precipitation between the western Mediterranean and more northern latitudes could be explained by a persistent and increasing negative NAO mode during the Bølling in this area.  相似文献   

Sedimentary characteristics of large‐scale lacustrine beach‐bars and their formation in the Eocene Boxing Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China     

ZAIXING JIANG  HUI LIU  SHANWEN ZHANG  XIN SU  ZHENGLONG JIANG 《Sedimentology》2011,58(5):1087-1112

The beach‐bar reservoir play has become an important exploration target within the Bohai Bay Basin, especially in the Boxing Sag within the Dongying Depression, where a large‐scale lacustrine beach‐bar oil pool has been discovered recently. The sedimentary characteristics, distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of beach‐bar sand bodies in the upper fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) in the Boxing Sag were studied in detail based on seismic, well log data and core data. The Es4s in the Boxing Sag is composed of a third‐order sequence consisting of three systems tracts, i.e. a lowstand systems tract, a transgressive systems tract and a highstand systems tract. Beach‐bar sand bodies were deposited widely in the basin during the lowstand systems tract period. The sandy beach‐bars are characterized by siltstones, fine‐grained silty sandstones interbedded with thin mudstone units. The presence of well‐developed sedimentary structures, such as swash bedding, parting lineation, parallel bedding, ellipsoidal mud clasts, ripples, terrestrial plant debris and vertical burrows, suggests that beach‐bars were deposited in a relatively shallow water environment under the influence of strong hydrodynamics. Laterally, the sandy beach facies occurred as a more continuous sheet‐like body around the sandy bar in most parts of the sag. Stratigraphically, beach‐bars were distributed mainly in the lowstand systems tract and they were less well‐developed in the transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract. Several factors were probably responsible for the occurrence of the large‐scale beach‐bars during the lowstand systems tract period, including: (i) a gentle palaeoslope and relatively weak structural activities; (ii) a shallow‐water condition with a strong hydrodynamic environment; (iii) high‐frequency oscillations of the lake level; and (iv) an abundant terrigenous clastic feeding system with multiple‐point and linear sediment sources.  相似文献   

Reply to D. F. Lascelles. Discussion on ‘Microplaty hematite—its varied nature and genesis’ by R. C. Morris and ‘Genesis modelling for the Hamersley BIF-hosted iron ores of Western Australia: a critical review’ by R. C. Morris and M. Kneeshaw     

R. C. Morris  M. Kneeshaw 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1145-1150

Abstract

The third (Es₃) member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation is the main hydrocarbon source rock interval in the Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin. The lower Es₃ (Es₃^L) and upper Es₃ (Es₃^U) submembers display clear differences in source rock quality. The formation mechanisms of the source rocks are investigated via geochemical methods using 60 samples from three wells to reconstruct the paleo-environment during deposition. The major element parameters exhibit changes in paleoclimate from humid to arid. Indicators such as Sr/Ba, B/Ga, the gammacerane index and isotopic data suggest fresh–brackish and hydrological open lakes with unstable water column stratification likely occurred during deposition of the Es₃^L submember and saline and hydrologically closed lakes with stable water column stratification likely during deposition of the Es₃^U submember. Carbon isotope values of organic matter, trace elements and biomarker parameters suggest that the Es₃^L submember had moderate productivity, with a significant contribution from terrigenous organic matter whereas the Es₃^U submember had slightly enhanced productivity, with no or minor contributions from terrigenous organic matter. Furthermore, the pristane/phytane ratio and the enrichment of Mo and U indicate that the euxinic bottom-water conditions (sulfidic) of the lakes during deposition of the Es₃^U submember were best for preserving organic matter. Comparison of the models of source rock deposition of the Es₃^L and Es₃^U submembers indicates that the redox conditions play an important role in the formation of organic-rich source rocks in the Raoyang Sag.  相似文献   

湖相深水块状砂岩特征、成因及发育模式——以南堡凹陷东营组为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

鲜本忠  万锦峰  董艳蕾  马乾  张建国 《岩石学报》2013,29(9):3287-3299

块状砂岩因其厚度大、储层物性较好而成为深水沉积油气勘探开发中最重要的目标。沉积构造相对简单,但变化迅速且组构特征多变。为了探索不同块状砂岩的成因及其联系,建立预测性地质模型,首先将南堡凹陷东营组深水块状砂岩分为2类8种岩相和10种岩相组合,其中单期砂层顶部常含漂浮状砾石,形态多变、内外源均有。本区块状砂岩成分成熟度差,结构成熟度不稳定,粒度累积概率曲线反映了3种搬运过程:多流体改造型、三角洲前缘继承型和混杂快速冻结型。成因分析认为,块状砂岩以砂质碎屑流搬运为主,真正碎屑流和颗粒流次之,并见部分砂质滑塌成因;常与浊流、泥流、泥质滑塌沉积伴生,发育5种相序组合,其中砂质碎屑流-浊流、砂质碎屑流-泥流组合最常见。高密度流体内沉积物浓度分层与特殊的流速剖面共同控制下塑性层流与牛顿紊流间的界面控制了漂浮状砾石搬运和沉积。最后,建立了陡坡带外源型、陡坡带内源型和缓坡地内源型深水沉积过程及块状砂岩发育模式,为断陷盆地深水沉积砂岩储层的预测提供了新思路。  相似文献   

湖泊碳酸盐记录的古水温定量研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曾承  安芷生  刘卫国  余俊清 《盐湖研究》2008,16(1):42-50,59

湖泊古水温乃至古气温的定量反演,可以促进过去全球变化研究由定性走向定量。目前利用湖泊碳酸盐对湖泊古水温进行重建主要有三种方式,一是运用同位素地质温度计原理,利用水温与湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值和湖水氧同位素值三者之间的函数关系,对湖泊古水温做定量研究;二是通过测定介壳[Mg2+]/[Ca2+]进而重建古水温;三是通过测定湖泊流域范围内现代水文气象参数及一些相关的同位素资料直接建立起湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素值与温度间的统计模型。各种方法有不同的适用条件和适用范围及其一定的局限性,对此做了归纳和评述。  相似文献   

赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊~(137)Cs蓄积特点、SCP计数和事件性沉积及其对~(210)Pb计年的矫正     

冷雪  吴霜  王昕梅  陈莎  朱笑虹  蒋梅鑫  贾玉连  李晓峰  缪君翔  王野乔 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):944-951

对赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊沉积岩芯进行了~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb测试和SCP(球状碳粒)计数分析,阐述了~(137)Cs蓄积特征,结合SCP计数、粒度指标及降水记录厘定了一些事件性沉积层位。研究表明,1986年前后是沉积环境中~(137)Cs行为的转折点;在这之前,~(137)Cs以大气散落为主,其蓄积行为大致与降水存在正相关关系,在这之后,~(137)Cs以流域侵蚀为主,其蓄积行为与降水呈负相关关系。1953—1954年、1974—1975年、1998—1999年,流域降水丰沛,相应沉积层位~(137)Cs比活度低,这与流域强烈侵蚀稀释了进入湖泊的~(137)Cs有关。1963—1964年沉积层位~(137)Cs蓄积峰稳定而显著,与高通量的大气散落有关,也与当时降水量低,大雨、暴雨次数少,流域侵蚀强度低造成较低的沉积速率等密切相关,是可靠的定年时标。1986年存在同样的气候环境特点,其蓄积峰可能也是存在的,但需要进一步确认。基于~(210)Pb方法,利用多种计年模式计算了沉积岩芯的年代,发现与这些事件性沉积层位具有较大差异。研究认为,在长江中游这种降水高、流域侵蚀强度高的较为复杂的沉积环境中,~(210)Pb计年存在较大误差。复杂沉积环境中近代沉积的定年,有必要深度挖掘~(137)Cs环境行为,在全面阐述其蓄积特点的基础上,辅以SCP计数、粒度指标及降水等识别事件性沉积层位,矫正~(210)Pb计年,是精确建立近代沉积时标的必要方法。  相似文献   

Lower Cretaceous lacustrine successions,North Yellow Sea Basin,eastern China: Rift basin sequence stratigraphy and stacking patterns in response to magmatic activity     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

A series of Mesozoic rift basins formed in eastern China were associated with magmatic activity and subduction along the Eurasia, Izanagi and Pacific plate margins. The impact of magmatic activity on lacustrine sequence development was documented with well-log and 3-D seismic data from the Jupiter Depression in the North Yellow Sea Basin. We identified key surfaces, retrogradational and progradational parasequence sets, and defined the characteristics of systems tracts and the internal sequence components for the Lower Cretaceous (K₁SQ1). A 2-D SEDPAK numerical stratigraphic forward modeling was used to further constrain sequence development in the Jupiter Depression by considering different modeling parameters and the spatial-temporal characteristics of magmatic activity. Modeling results were compared and matched with the sequence architecture observed from seismic and well interpretations. Magmatic activity impacts on the development of the K₁SQ1 sequence in the North Yellow Sea Basin include topographic variation, lake level fluctuation, and sediment supply ratios. Results suggest that magmatic upwelling uplifted the northwestern area of the Jupiter Depression and formed its slope break during the late Jurassic or early Cretaceous. Along with uplifting, relative lake level dropped sharply and lake accommodation was reduced, but with increased sediment supply. Therefore, sediment accumulated along the slope break as a lowstand systems tract. Later on, as lake level continuously rose, transgressive and highstand systems tracts were developed. The proposed stacking pattern provides an analog, and a useful model, for lacustrine sequence development in response to magmatic activities in eastern China and other rift basins of similar tectonic setting.  相似文献   

Sedimentology and allostratigraphy of post-240 ka to pre-26.5 ka lacustrine terraces at intracaldera Lake Rotorua, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand     

R. Marx  J.D.L. White  V. Manville 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,220(3-4):349

Lake Rotorua partially occupies a nearly circular 20 km diameter volcano-tectonic depression formed at c. 240 ka by eruption of the voluminous Mamaku Ignimbrite. Three distinct lacustrine littoral terraces, defined on the basis of contrasting geomorphology and field relations, and separated by tephrostratigraphically dateable unconformities and basin-floor disconformities, fringe much of the lake basin. They are here correlated with former high-stands of the lake which resulted from the blockage and re-establishment of a number of alternative outlets due to tectonic activity and volcanism at both the host and adjacent volcanic centres. The unconformities allow division of the deposits into three allostratigraphic units, each of which is then characterised by elevation and sediment provenance. The < 240 ka, post-Mamaku alloformation comprises the highest terrace (up to 415 mASL), and represents the high-stand of an intracaldera lake accumulated in the newly created basin after the eruption of the Mamaku Ignimbrite. Considerable uncertainty surrounds the initial direction of overflow from this level, but the lake may have drained southwards for a period through the Hemo Gorge, through the Ngakuru Graben/Kapenga Caldera area and into the Waikato River catchment. The second alloformation, consisting of volcaniclastic sediments forming shoreline and littoral terraces at c. 380 m elevation developed after the eruption of the 60 ka Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat pyroclastic flows from the neighbouring Okataina Volcanic Centre blocked northern and southern routes out of the lake basin. A northeasterly outlet subsequently became established at a lower level through tectonic subsidence of the Tikitere Graben, creating a drainage path into the Haroharo caldera from where it flowed into the Bay of Plenty via the Kawerau Canyon. The post-36 ka Hauparu alloformation forms the third shoreline terrace at elevations up to 349 mASL. It is the product of a temporary high-stand from blockage of the Tikitere Graben drainage path by pyroclastic debris from the voluminous 36 ka Hauparu eruption. Subsequently, episodic growth of the Haroharo resurgent dome complex between 25 and 9 ka in the adjacent Okataina Volcanic Centre forced Lake Rotorua to rise above its post-Hauparu lowstand level to an elevation where it could overtop a drainage divide on the northern rim of Lake Rotoiti and gain access to the catchment of the Kaituna River, hence establishing the current outlet channel.  相似文献   

Holocene intramontane lake development: A new model in the Jáchal River Valley, Andean Precordillera, San Juan, Argentina     

Ferran Colombo  Pere Busquets  Nuria Sole de Porta  Carlos Oscar Limarino  Nemesio Heredia  Luis Roberto Rodriguez-Fernandez  Joaquina Alvarez-Marron 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(3):229-238

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