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51.
Fisheries are complex human-in-nature systems. The conventional approach to fisheries systems has been to treat them as predictable and controllable. As complex systems they are neither of the two and have to be approached differently. Complex systems often exhibit the capacity to self-organize or adapt, even without outside influence. If this is true of fisheries, it should lead to a radically different approach to management of fisheries systems that places much emphasis on enabling self-organization, learning and adaptation. Conceptual and practical frameworks for enabling activities are needed. 相似文献
52.
依据洪灾风险概念模型,从触发因子、孕灾环境和承灾体3方面选取江西省的12个洪灾风险指标,采用k近邻、随机森林、AdaBoost 3种机器学习算法构建洪灾风险评价模型。利用精度、Kappa系数、ROC曲线（AUC值）3种定量评估指标评价洪灾风险模型,基于随机森林和Boruta特征提取算法共同分析指标重要性,最后对比3种模型绘制的江西省山洪灾害风险分区图并分析山洪灾害分布特征。结果表明：① AdaBoost模型的精度、Kappa系数和AUC值的平均值为别为0.902、0.870和0.826,精度和Kappa系数略优于随机森林,AUC值与随机森林相当,而k近邻模型的3种性能指标均低于前2种算法;② 农田生产潜力、年最大6 h暴雨均值、年最大1 h暴雨均值、归一化差值植被指数、年降雨量均值这5个指标对最终的洪灾风险形成具有非常重要作用;③ 江西省较高风险区与最高风险区的面积和约占江西省总面积的34.4%,且主要分布于高降雨量、高暴雨量、农田生产潜力大的山区。 相似文献
53.
针对传统的建筑物提取方法精度较低和边界不完整等问题,本文提出基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法。首先,采用主成分变换非监督预训练网络结构,获得待提取遥感影像特征。其次,为减少在池化过程中影像特征信息的丢失,提出自适应池化模型,通过非下采样轮廓波变换来获取影像纹理特征,并将纹理特征输入网络中参与建筑物提取。最后,将影像特征输入softmax分类器进行分类,获得建筑物提取结果。选取典型区域进行建筑物提取试验,并与典型建筑物提取方法进行对比分析,结果表明,本文提取方法精度高,并且提取建筑物的边界清晰、完整。 相似文献
54.
Livelihood resilience draws attention to the factors and processes that keep livelihoods functioning despite change and thus enriches the livelihood approach which puts people, their differential capabilities to cope with shocks and how to reduce poverty and improve adaptive capacity at the centre of analysis. However, the few studies addressing resilience from a livelihood perspective take different approaches and focus only on some dimensions of livelihoods. This paper presents a framework that can be used for a comprehensive empirical analysis of livelihood resilience. We use a concept of resilience that considers agency as well as structure. A review of both theoretical and empirical literature related to livelihoods and resilience served as the basis to integrate the perspectives. The paper identifies the attributes and indicators of the three dimensions of resilience, namely, buffer capacity, self-organisation and capacity for learning. The framework has not yet been systematically tested; however, potentials and limitations of the components of the framework are explored and discussed by drawing on empirical examples from literature on farming systems. Besides providing a basis for applying the resilience concept in livelihood-oriented research, the framework offers a way to communicate with practitioners on identifying and improving the factors that build resilience. It can thus serve as a tool for monitoring the effectiveness of policies and practices aimed at building livelihood resilience. 相似文献
55.
川中地区岩性复杂,杂卤石周围广泛发育硬石膏、岩盐和其它非钾盐矿物,常规测井解释方法很难准确识别杂卤石。以极限学习机理论、主成分分析方法和测井解释为基础,把主成分分析得到的影响杂卤石识别的主变量(测井曲线)作为输入,建立极限学习机(PCA-ELM)杂卤石的精确识别模型,对比川中地区录井结果,PCA-ELM的杂卤石识别正确率达到90.74%;再以不同岩石在测井曲线上的响应特征为基础,建立杂卤石分类识别模型,分类识别正确率达到89.56%。与常规测井解释方法相比,具有速度快、操作简单、准确率高等特点。结果表明,在四川盆地钾盐勘探中PCA-ELM法是一种值得推广使用的方法。 相似文献
56.
氢能是中国能源系统低碳转型和实现2060年前碳中和目标的重要技术选择之一。根据原料来源可以将氢分为绿氢、蓝氢和灰氢,其制备成本和碳排放强度存在较大差异。文中以中国氢能生产现状为基础,建立基于学习曲线的平准化制氢成本（LCOH）模型,测算不同制氢技术从2020年到2060年的成本变化趋势。结果表明：现阶段灰氢成本最低,绿氢成本最高;到2030年绿氢成本将下降至20~25元/kg;2050年后,绿氢将成为成本最低的制氢方式（含碳排放成本),而且PEM（质子交换膜）电解水制氢的成本将低于AE（碱性）电解水制氢,光伏+PEM电解水制氢成本将下降至12元/kg。电解槽和电力成本下降是未来绿氢成本下降的主要驱动因素。敏感性分析表明,运营维护成本和关键技术学习率是影响绿氢成本下降速度的重要参数。 相似文献
57.
基于BP神经网络的点状地图符号识别 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
点状地图符号的识别是实现扫描方式地图自动数字化的重要研究内容之一，本文首先分析介绍ＢＰ网络模型及其学习算法，然后根据ＢＰ模型本身所存在的一些不足之处，提出相应的改进措施，还以实际扫描地图图像进行相应的实验验证，最后，对网络的输入模式加以讨论，提出了三种减小网络规模的具体方法。 相似文献
58.
Mick Healey Pauline Kneale John Bradbeer with other members of the INLT Learning Styles Concepts Group 《Area》2005,37(1):30-42
Growing diversity is focusing attention on the range of different student learning styles. This study assesses whether geographers have a predominant learning style and whether this varies between and within countries. The findings are based on over 900 geography students from 12 universities in Australia, New Zealand, the UK and the US, who completed Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI). The implications for curriculum design and student learning strategies are discussed. It is suggested that departments should aim to produce balanced learners with a full range of learning capacities rather than simply matching teaching to existing learning styles. 相似文献
59.
Anjana Khatwa Ford 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(3-4):507-521
World Heritage Sites have a duty, through educational and information programmes, to strengthen appreciation and respect by their peoples of the cultural and natural heritage of that site. The Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site (JCWHS) showcases nearly 185 million years of Earth’s history across 95 miles of coast and exemplifies some of the most spectacular rocks, fossils and landforms in the world. However, imparting these values to non-specialist audiences of all ages, abilities and needs provides unique challenges and opportunities. A critical factor for success in addressing such a wide audience is ensuring that content is relevant, meaningful and focused on the expectations of the end user. In this paper we present our learning framework that is based around two approaches. Firstly, we map out the needs and expectations of each of our four core audience groups and set out guidelines for who we should aim our content at and how that should be delivered. Secondly, we set out three pathways (Inspire, Curious and Motivated) through which a person may choose to engage with the Jurassic Coast. We argue that if our tailored content and experiences can resonate with a person at an emotional and intellectual level, they will ultimately become devoted to the Jurassic Coast. Through empowering a community of people who understand and appreciate the geoheritage of the Jurassic Coast, they can become advocates and champions for its protection and conservation in the future. 相似文献
60.