Modelling of the retreat process of composite riverbank in the Jingjiang Reach using the improved BSTEM          下载免费PDF全文

Quanli Zong  Junqiang Xia  Meirong Zhou  Shanshan Deng  Yi Zhang 《水文研究》2017,31(26):4669-4681

Bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach is closely related not only to the near‐bank intensity of fluvial erosion but also to the composition and mechanical properties of bank soils. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate bank retreat to determine the characteristics of fluvial processes in the Jingjiang Reach. The current version of bank stability and toe erosion model (5.4) was improved to predict riverbank retreat, by inputting a dynamic water table, and calculating the approximation of the distribution of dynamic pore water pressure in the soil near the river bank face, and considering the depositional form of the failed blocks, which is assumedly based on a triangular distribution, with the slope approximately equalling the stable submerged bank slope and half of collapsed volume deposited in the bank‐toe region. The degrees of riverbank stability at Jing34 were calculated using the improved bank stability and toe erosion model. The results indicate the following trends: (a) the degrees of riverbank stability were high during the dry season and the rising stage, which led to minimal bank failure, and (b) the stability degrees were low during the flood season and the recession stage, with the events of bank collapse occurring frequently, which belonged to a stage of intensive bank erosion. Considering the effects of bank‐toe erosion, water table lag, and the depositional form of the collapsed bank soil, the bank‐retreat process was simulated at the right riverbank of Jing34. The model‐predicted results exhibit close agreement with the measured data, including the total bank‐retreat width and the collapsed bank profile. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of toe erosion and water table lag on the degree of bank stability. The calculated results for toe erosion indicate that the amount of toe erosion was largest during the flood season, which was a primary reason for bank failure. The influence of water table lag on the degree of stability demonstrates that water table lag was an important cause of bank failure during the recession stage.  相似文献   

基于FY-2遥感数据的台风中心定位     

刘佳  王旭东 《测绘通报》2020,(6):49-52

针对台风在形成和消散阶段中心定位准确率较低的问题，本文提出了一种基于云导风的方法，使用的遥感数据来源于FY-2气象卫星的红外通道。该方法首先对红外序列遥感图像进行金字塔分解，然后基于加权的中值滤波光流模型构建云导风场，最后利用密度矩阵计算台风中心。选择2014年真实形成于西北太平洋的台风Rammasun和Halong进行案例分析，结果表明该方法对台风整个生命周期阶段的检测结果均较准确。  相似文献   

Rocking vibrations of rigid foundations on multi-layered poroelastic media     

S. Keawsawasvong  R. Plangmal  W. Kaewjuea 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):480-492

Abstract

This paper presents rocking vibrations of a rigid foundation resting on a multi-layered poroelastic half-space. The foundation is assumed to be rigid and massless, and subjected to a time–harmonic moment. In addition, each layer of the multi-layered half-space is governed by Biot’s theory of poroelastodynamics. The contact surface between the foundation and the layered half-space is smooth, and either fully permeable or impermeable. This dynamic interaction problem is studied by employing a discretization technique and an exact stiffness matrix scheme. Comparisons with existing solutions on rocking vibrations of rigid foundations on elastic and poroelastic media are shown to verify the accuracy of the present scheme. Selected numerical results on rocking compliances of rigid foundations of various shapes and mudmat foundations are presented. In addition, a dynamic interaction problem involving closely spaced foundations under rocking vibrations is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the present solution scheme.  相似文献   

土地利用时空变化与城市化发展分析     

谭远模  谢思梅  谢荣安 《测绘通报》2020,(4):139

城市化发展与科学合理利用土地已经成为社会发展最为关注的问题。土地利用结构发生变化后，不合理的土地利用规划等问题将会导致一系列的生态环境问题，因此，监测土地利用的时空变化，为土地利用规划及城市发展规划提供有效的数据支持很有必要。本文通过年度区间土地利用变化数据，利用转移矩阵、动态度、土地利用重心及土地利用结构信息熵分析土地利用变化情况，经过试验表明能够真实、全面反映土地利用变化状态，充分反映城市发展与土地利用关系，有利于提高分析的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional dynamic response of ground with a poroviscoelastic interlayer to a harmonic moving rectangular load          下载免费PDF全文

S.‐J. Feng  Y.‐C. Li  Z.‐L. Chen  H.X. Chen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(7):1055-1076

Stratification is a basic characteristic of ground. Due to the influence of ground water, saturated weak interlayers widely exist, particularly in soft soil area. An interlayer of high compressibility and low strength has a substantial effect on dynamic response of the ground, especially under high speed moving load. Thus, a comprehensive investigation in the influence of interlayer is essential and useful in geotechnical and transportation‐related engineering. This paper presents a three‐dimensional semi‐analytical approach to study the dynamic response of a layered ground with a soft saturated interlayer. The ground is modelled as a half‐space consisting of three parts: a viscoelastic upper layer, a saturated poroviscoelastic interlayer governed by Biot's theory and a viscoelastic half‐space. An ‘adapted stiffness matrix’ is proposed to obtain the semi‐analytical solution to the system. Comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the influences of existence, geometrical and physical properties of the interlayer. Depth, thickness, hydraulic permeability of the interlayer, load speed and frequency significantly influence the dynamic response of the ground, among which the interlayer depth plays a dominant role. Resonant frequency exists, which is highly affected by the interlayer thickness, especially in low speed regime. Both hydraulic permeability and boundary conditions of the interlayer influence the characteristics of pore pressure distribution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An analytical model for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound diffusion through landfill composite covers          下载免费PDF全文

Haijian Xie  Huaxiang Yan  Hywel R. Thomas  Shijin Feng  Qihua Ran  Peixiong Chen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(13):1827-1843

One‐dimensional mathematical models for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion through composite cover barriers are presented. An analytical solution to the model was obtained by the method of separation of variables. The results obtained by the proposed solution agree well with those obtained by a numerical analysis. Based on the proposed analytical model, the VOC breakthrough curves of five different composite covers are compared. The effects of degree of saturation of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or compacted clay liner (CCL) on VOC migration in the composite covers are then presented. Results show that the composite cover barriers provide much better diffusion barriers for VOC than the single CCL. The top surface steady‐state flux for a composite barrier, consisting of a 1.5 mm geomembrane (GM) and a 20 cm CCL, can be 8.3 times lower than that for a 30 cm CCL. The surface steady‐state flux for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 6 mm GCL) was found to be 2.3 times lower than that for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 20 cm CCL). The degree of saturation S_r of the CCL has a great influence on VOC migration in composite covers when S_r is larger than 0.5. The steady‐state flux at the surface of GM for the case with S_r = 0.7 can be 1.8 times lower than that for the case with S_r = 0.2. The proposed analytical model is relatively simple and can be used for verification of complicated numerical models, analysis of experimental data and performance assessment of composite cover barriers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于FCM算法的BDS三频载波相位组合观测值优化选取     

孟凡军  李树军  潘宗鹏  李忠盼  孙亦成 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(3):246-251

针对传统GNSS载波相位组合观测值选取过程中效率低、工作量大的问题，在对BDS三频载波相位组合观测值的波长标准、电离层延迟标准、观测噪声标准进行误差分析的基础上，以长波长、弱电离层、弱观测噪声标准作为聚类指标，采用模糊C均值聚类算法对BDS三频载波相位组合观测值进行优化分类选取，最后通过矩阵变换法和实测数据对优化组合进行整周模糊度解算，对组合模糊度方差-协方差阵以及历元间模糊度差值进行分析，证明该方法的可行性和可靠性。  相似文献   

融合历史犯罪数据的疑犯社会活动位置预测     

段炼  党兰学  胡涛  朱欣焰  叶信岳 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(7):929-938

由于重点跟踪人员（疑犯）的社会活动监控数据可获取性差,难以直接反映疑犯的社会活动时空模式,降低了案情分析和犯罪风险预测的有效性。为此,本文提出了融合犯罪记录的位置预测（Crime Records enhanced Location Prediction,CReLP）模型,将疑犯犯罪记录信息融入协同过滤算法,预测疑犯在未来对任意位置的访问频度。该方法利用张量（Tensor）表达疑犯在不同时段和位置上的访问频度,基于疑犯的犯罪事件数据构建疑犯时空关联度矩阵,利用该矩阵约束正则化的张量分解（Tensor Decomposition）过程,以解算出张量中的缺失值,进而获得各疑犯的潜在时空分布模式。实验采用包含了241个疑犯、1.9万个位置记录的真实疑犯位置数据集进行了模型测试,结果表明本文方法在均方根误差和 top-k 最小搜寻距离2个指标上都超过其他Baseline方法32%~63%和14%~26%,大幅提高了位置时空预测的有效性和健壮性。  相似文献   

宁波海雾特征和预报着眼点   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

周福  钱燕珍  金靓  孙军波 《气象》2015,41(4):438-446

本文用1971—2011年石浦站资料及NCEP再分析资料,统计分析宁波各种强度海雾特征和合成分析其出现的天气背景。统计表明：海雾多发生于4—6月,主要出现在23时至次日11时,其中23时至次日02时最多,11时后消散。风力在2~3级的西南或东北风有利于海雾的发生。相对湿度在90%~95%,本站气压在990~1002 hPa时,海雾发生概率随着湿度的增加及气压的减小而增加,但对于能见度≤50 m的强浓雾来说,相对湿度和本站气压范围分别为92%~95%和990~999 hPa,且强浓雾随湿度及气压的增加而增加。宁波海雾通常出现在江淮气旋、冷空气影响前和梅雨锋中低涡东移前。合成分析表明：锋面雾一般形成于系统过境前2～3 d,局地上空西南暖湿气流影响时;或静止锋南侧,局地上空风速较小,且前期有充足水汽汇聚并导致湿层增厚;平流雾形成时上空位于西南涡前部,长时间西南暖湿气流输送,形成一定厚度和范围的湿度层,在该天气背景下,下垫面的气 海温差维持在0~1.5℃左右,露点 海表温差在-0.5~0℃上下。浓雾（强浓雾）的形成需在稳定的大气层结下,长时间深厚的暖湿气流里,同时来自北方的冷海流不断注入宁波沿海。此外,雾的强度与暖平流及海表冷平流的强度有较大关系。这些对宁波海雾及其强度的预报有较好指导作用。  相似文献   

Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Meng Han  Xueqiang Lu  Chunsheng Zhao  Liang Ran  Suqin Han 《大气科学进展》2015,32(3):439-444

Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas.  相似文献