On the physical geometry concept at the basis of space/time geostatistical hydrology   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Christakos  D. T. Hristopulos  P. Bogaert 《Advances in water resources》2000,23(8)

The objective of this paper is to show that the structure of the spatiotemporal continuum has important implications in practical stochastic hydrology (e.g., geostatistical analysis of hydrologic sites) and is not merely an abstract mathematical concept. We propose that the concept of physical geometry as a spatiotemporal continuum with properties that are empirically defined is important in hydrologic analyses, and that the elements of the spatiotemporal geometry (e.g., coordinate system and space/time metric) should be selected based on the physical properties of the hydrologic processes. We investigate the concept of space/time distance (metric) in various physical spaces, and its implications for hydrologic modeling. More specifically, we demonstrate that physical geometry plays a crucial role in the determination of appropriate spatiotemporal covariance models, and it can affect the results of geostatistical operations involved in spatiotemporal hydrologic mapping.  相似文献   

Geomorphic process signatures reshaping sub-humid Mediterranean badlands: 1. Methodological development based on high-resolution topography     

Manel Llena  Damià Vericat  Mark W. Smith  Joseph M. Wheaton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1335-1346

High-resolution topography data sets have improved the spatial and temporal scales at which we are able to investigate the landscape through the analysis of landform attributes and the computation of topographic changes. Yet, to date, there have been only limited attempts to infer key geomorphic processes in terms of contributions to shaping the landscape. Highly erodible landscapes such as badlands provide an ideal demonstration of such an approach owing to the rapid changes observed over a relatively short time frame. In this technical note we present the Mapping Geomorphic Processes in the Environment (MaGPiE): a new algorithm that allows mapping of geomorphic process signatures through analysis of repeat high-resolution topography data sets. The method is demonstrated in an experimental badland located in the southern central Pyrenees. MaGPiE is a geographic information system (GIS)-based algorithm that uses as input: (a) terrain attributes (i.e. Slope, Roughness and Concentrated Runoff Index) extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs), and (b) a map of topographic changes (DEM of difference, DoD). Initial results demonstrate that MaGPiE allows the magnitude and the spatial distribution of the main geomorphic processes reshaping badlands to be inferred for the first time. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ecosystem Service Mapping and Assessment as a Support for Policy and Decision Making          下载免费PDF全文

Małgorzata Stępniewska 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(10):1414-1422

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气候变暖条件下,中(高)亚洲地区不稳定型冻土的巨大挑战和创新解决方案:——来自首届亚洲冻土大会及会后青藏高原考察的总结报告     

金会军  马巍  赖远明  吴青柏  王贵荣  牛富俊  沈永平  赵淑萍  Jerry Brown  Max C.Brewer 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):838-843

首届亚洲冻土大会于2006年8月5~16日在兰州、青藏线和拉萨顺利召开.大会讨论主要包括以下5个议题:1)冻土工程;2)山区和高原冻融灾害及冰缘环境;3)冰冻圈的气候与环境条件;4)冻土水文、寒区水资源及土地利用,和;5)冻土监测、制图及模拟.国内论文大多集中于青藏铁路各种科技创新和工程(示范)建设方面.中亚冻土分类、制图和监测研讨会明确了制定统一的中亚地区冻土图的计划和实施方案.会议期间,国内主要新闻媒体对全球15位著名冻土学家进行了联合采访.大约80位中外代表参加了青藏(公)铁路沿线考察,并于8月15日在拉萨举行青藏铁路工程和环境问题讨论会.专家一致认为,青藏铁路所采取的冻土工程措施基本上是恰当、有效的,能够保证青藏铁路路基的长期稳定性.但是,沿线寒区环境保护问题还任重道远,需要尽快进行综合管(治)理,以达到青藏地区社会经济和谐、持续发展的目标.  相似文献   

Compilation of hydrogeological map of China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Jian-kang  DONG Hua  CHENG Yan-pei  YUE Chen  LIU Kun 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(4):381-395

Hydrogeological map is one of the important carriers of groundwater related information. It directly reflects the hydrogeological conditions and previous investigation and research results of a mapping area. The hydrogeological map of China is a map reflecting the characteristics of hydrogeology and groundwater dynamics on a national scale. On the basis of the hydrogeological map of China (1: 4 000 000) compiled in 1988, this map compilation attempted to update and enhance the existing map, with the latest survey results from the project of National Investigation and Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Environmental Problems led by China Geological Survey. Task of the mapping program included redefining groundwater types, quantifying the classification standard of the groundwater and adding the pore-fissure water in laterite layer of hilly basin. The multilayer structures for porous, karst and porous-fractured groundwater and their water-rich grades are reflected on the map. Based on the comprehensive summary of the latest hydrogeological data of China, this research conducts an in-depth analysis of the regional distribution characteristics of groundwater in China, utilizes a digital mapping process and establishes a cartographic database for the purpose of further use. With the enrichment of the content and the continuous improvement of cognitive level, mapping content can be updated quickly, which has practical significance for the concept of surveying and mapping and scientific popularization.  相似文献   

浅谈怎样应用GeoWay做好测绘产品的质量检查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曲莉莉  祝明然  陈瑞聪 《山东国土资源》2005,21(8):44-45

结合工作实际,初步总结GeoWay软件在建库数据、数据空间位置及缩编图、DWG数据检查中的应用,可以看出该软件对于GIS数据的空间位置、拓朴关系、点线矛盾、专题数据属性、符号表现等检查都有其独到之处,符合现代化测绘生产技术要求。  相似文献   

Crowdsourcing geospatial data   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Christian Heipke   《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(6):550-557

In this paper we review recent developments of crowdsourcing geospatial data. While traditional mapping is nearly exclusively coordinated and often also carried out by large organisations, crowdsourcing geospatial data refers to generating a map using informal social networks and web 2.0 technology. Key differences are the fact that users lacking formal training in map making create the geospatial data themselves rather than relying on professional services; that potentially very large user groups collaborate voluntarily and often without financial compensation with the result that at a very low monetary cost open datasets become available and that mapping and change detection occur in real time. This situation is similar to that found in the Open Source software environment.We shortly explain the basic technology needed for crowdsourcing geospatial data, discuss the underlying concepts including quality issues and give some examples for this novel way of generating geospatial data. We also point at applications where alternatives do not exist such as life traffic information systems. Finally we explore the future of crowdsourcing geospatial data and give some concluding remarks.  相似文献   

浅谈全站仪数字测图设站错误的可视化处理     

彭维吉  彭奇娟  朱明建 《北京测绘》2010,(4):68-71

测绘生产和教学中,时常出现测站、定向点坐标设置与实际位置不一致,出现地形图测绘错误。通过错误分析,应用平面坐标变换原理,基于AutoCAD图形平台进行直观、可视化的计算机处理,给出EXCEL处理代码和lisp程序,进行错误的批量处理。该方法将在应急工程控制测量后置的地形图测绘工作中得到广泛应用。  相似文献   

Well data mapping validation     

D. Krilov  M. Krylova 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1356-1360

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基于宗海图编绘技术规范的制图关键技术          下载免费PDF全文

林霞  王鹏  闫吉顺  于永海 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):21-23

宗海图是海域使用申请审批相关材料的重要组成部分,是海域管理的基础资料。文章从工作底图、图件颜色和字体大小、坐标精度、界址点编号以及特殊项目宗海图绘制等方面对宗海图制图的关键技术进行了分析,总结了宗海图编绘技术规范与海籍调查规范的区别,主要包括:增加了宗海平面布置图、调整了用海图斑、重新规定了分宗编绘要求、增加了线划比例尺以及弧形圆形用海区域的绘制要求等,并给出了应加快制定海洋行业标准的建议。  相似文献