新疆帕米尔跃动冰川遥感监测研究   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4  

张震  刘时银  魏俊锋  蒋宗立  许君利  郭万钦 《冰川冻土》2016,38(1):11-20

2015年5月,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿克陶县公格尔九别峰北坡克拉牙依拉克冰川发生跃动,造成草场和部分房屋被冰体淹没,本文针对这一冰川跃动事件的发生过程进行研究.利用2013-2015年间ASTER立体像对数据监测了克拉牙依拉克冰川的冰川表面高程的变化,并利用2015年4月13日至2015年7月11日期间的LandsatOLI数据监测了冰川的表面运动速度变化.监测发现,克拉牙依拉克冰川从2015年4月13号开始活动强烈,表面运动速度呈加快趋势,2015年5月8-15日期间冰川表面运动速度达到最高水平,其最大运动速度在西支中部达到了(20.40±0.42)m·d^-1,冰川跃动达到顶峰.冰川跃动"积蓄区"位于西支冰川平衡线以下区域,跃动向下游接收区输送冰体体积约为2.4×10⁸m³,大量冰体堆积在东西支汇合口地段(海拔3100~3500m),造成了该处冰面隆起,其中最大隆起高度为(130.58±0.70)m.本文获得了西支冰川由静止期、跃动状态、恢复到稳定状态期间的冰面高程和表面运动速度变化,为本地区冰川跃动机理的研究奠定了基础.  相似文献   

10Be surface-exposure age dating of the Last Glacial Maximum in the northern Pamir (Tajikistan)     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2016

Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations in Alpine glaciations is essential for reconstructing the regional and global timing of ice ages. This study investigates glacial deposits at the mouth of the Muksu catchment in the northern Pamir using ¹⁰Be surface-exposure age dating. We sampled boulders from the furthest downstream recessional moraine (20 samples) and five lateral moraines (41 samples) near the former terminus of the Fedchenko Glacier, the longest (∼72 km) present-day Alpine glacier of the Pamir. After the identification of outliers, the boulder population of the recessional moraine yielded a mean exposure age of 17.5 ± 1.9 ka. The maximum exposure age of the lateral moraines, collected ∼5 km up-valley of the recessional moraine, is 18.2 ± 1.7 ka. The boulder ages reflect glacial deposition during the Last Glacial Maximum (Marine Isotope Stage 2) in the region; they are in accordance with published glacial deposition ages in the western Tian Shan.  相似文献   

帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

曾忠诚  吝路军  朱海平  刘明  梁斌  高倩倩  彭建明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(1):119-134

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。  相似文献   

Spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjacent regions: Implication for future seismic hazard     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The study deals spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters like annual and 100-years mode along with their 90% probability of not being exceeded (NBE) in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjoining regions. For this purpose, we applied a straightforward and most robust method known as Gumbel’s third asymptotic distribution of extreme values (GIII). A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalogue during the period 1900–2010 with magnitude M_W ⩾ 4.0 is utilized to estimate these earthquake hazard parameters. An equal grid point mesh, of 1° longitude X 1° latitude, is chosen to produce detailed earthquake hazard maps. This performance allows analysis of the localized seismicity parameters and representation of their regional variations as contour maps. The estimated result of annual mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the values of M_W 6.0 in the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan and northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings in the examined region. The 100-years mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the value of M_W 8.0 in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya with Caucasus mountain belt, the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan, northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings, the Kangra–Himanchal Pradesh and Kashmir of India. The estimated high values of earthquake hazard parameters are mostly correlated with the main tectonic regimes of the examined region. The spatial variations of earthquake hazard parameters reveal that the examined region exhibits more complexity and has high crustal heterogeneity. The spatial maps provide a brief atlas of the earthquake hazard in the region.  相似文献   

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li Xiangdong  Qu Xun 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic Deformation Sequence of a Thrust System along the Eastern Margin of Pamir, Northwest China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

WANG Zhe  WANG Xin 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(5):1664-1678

A thrust belt formed in the basin along the eastern margin of Pamir. The thrust belt is about 50 km wide, extends about 200 km, and includes three compressive structures from south to north: the blind Qipan structural wedge and Qimugen structural wedge, and the exposed Yengisar anticline. The thrust belt displays a right-stepping en echelon pattern. The Qipan structural wedge dies out northward to the west of the Qimugen structural wedge, and the Qimugen structural wedge dies out northward to the west of the Yengisar anticline. Detailed analysis of seismic reflection profiles of the western Tarim Basin reveal that fan-shaped growth strata were deposited in the shallow part of the thrust belt, recording the deformation sequence of the thrust belt. The depth of the Cenozoic growth strata decreases from south to north. The growth strata of the Qipan structural wedge is located in the middle-lower section of the Pliocene Artux Formation (N2a), the growth strata of the Qimugen structural wedge is close to the bottom of the Pleistocene Xiyu Formation (Q1x), and the growth strata of the Yengisar anticline is located in the middle section of the Xiyu Formation (Q1x). Combined with magnetostratigraphic studies in the western Tarim basin, it can be preliminarily inferred that the deformation sequence of the thrust belt along the eastern margin of Pamir is progressively younger northward. The geometry and kinematic evolution of the thrust belt in the eastern margin of Pamir can be compared with previous analogue modeling experiments of transpressional deformation, suggesting that the thrust belt was formed in a transpressional tectonic setting.  相似文献   

帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈汉林  张芬芬  程晓敢  廖林  罗俊成  师骏  王步清  杨长福  陈立峰 《地质科学》2010,45(1):102-112

帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区是正确认识帕米尔北缘盆山结构和构造变形特征非常关键的地区,本文利用连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料和地震资料,并结合野外地质调查资料和钻井资料,对帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区的盆山结构和构造变形特征进行了研究。认为帕米尔东北缘及其以北地区的盆山结构表现为帕米尔造山带向北冲断和南天山向南冲断所形成的对冲结构;帕米尔山前为基底卷入式构造,古生界—中生界沿高角度的逆冲断层推覆到新近系和第四系之上,形成山前的古生界—中生界逆冲推覆带;北侧由受乌泊尔断裂控制的深部隐伏冲断体系和浅部的第四纪背驮盆地所构成。研究区的新生代构造变形时间开始于上新世晚期,并持续变形至今,形成了下更新统西域组(Q_1x)与下伏上新统、Q_2与Q_1和Q_(3-4)与Q_2之间的不整合。研究区最小构造缩短量为48.6 km,缩短率为48.1%。  相似文献   

帕米尔东北侧中强地震前应力场动态变化特征分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

高国英  王海涛  温和平  魏斌 《地震工程学报》2001,23(4):389-394

依据乌恰、喀什和巴楚3个台小震综合机制解资料,分析研究了帕米尔东北侧中强地震前震源区及其附近地区应力场的动态变化过程.结果表明3个台小震综合机制解的P轴方位各自存在较明显的优势分布,这种分布与区域应力场的分布特征基本吻合.该区发生的4次6级以上地震前3个台小震综合机制解的P轴方位显示出较好的一致性,特别在伽师地震前P轴方位集中分布于N60°～74°E,与伽师强震群震源机制解的P轴方位基本相同.  相似文献   

帕米尔隆升过程中地壳的一种重要缩短机制--以齐姆根构造转换域为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李向东  王克卓 《新疆地质》2003,21(1):9-15

区域构造显示,在帕米尔－西昆仑前陆地带大致以齐姆根为中心的范围内,山前构造变形呈现分阶段发育的特征,前陆冲断带和前陆沉降带横向不能连接,形成喀什和叶城－和田两个沉降坳陷中心。这是由于造山带前陆的逆冲断裂带向盆地大规模逆掩和推覆过程中大幅度构造叠覆而形成,长距离构造拆离使许多地质记录被掩盖和破坏,给地质构造发展史重建造成很大困难,齐姆根由于地处连接帕米尔、西昆仑2个前缘逆冲断裂系及其前陆沉降带的应力转换和调整部位,构造以斜向走滑为主、逆冲推覆程度相对较弱,因而得以保留许多塔里木西南构造演化过程中形成的地质信息,该区域是正确认识东帕米尔地区构造演化的关键点之一,因此笔者引入“域”的概念,将其命名为“齐姆根构造转换域”,其原型背景是目前帕米尔－西昆仑前缘唯一保存较为完整的沉积盆地,规模不大却显示了较为典型的前陆盆地沉积构造样式,结合区域事件同位素年龄证据,基本可以确定塔西南前陆盆地发育下限不晚于侏罗纪早期,178.4-113.3Ma为初期活动的主要时期。侏罗纪发育有限规模前陆盆地,是在塔里木西南前陆盆地发育的初期阶段,同时盆地的展布受到古近纪以来帕米尔构造结“突刺”状楔入的强烈影响,使侏罗纪原始盆地走向发生偏转。研究表明,该构造转换域与康西瓦断裂一起构成一系列构造应力转换系统,自三叠纪古特提斯闭合以来一直承接着印度板块向北挤压和帕米尔隆升过程产生的巨大地壳缩短量。  相似文献   

Near-Ultrahigh Pressure Processing of Continental Crust: Miocene Crustal Xenoliths from the Pamir   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

HACKER  BRADLEY; LUFFI  PETER; LUTKOV  VALERY; MINAEV  VLADISLAV; RATSCHBACHER  LOTHAR; PLANK  TERRY; DUCEA  MIHAI; PATINO-DOUCE  ALBERTO; McWILLIAMS  MICHAEL; METCALF  JIM 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(8):1661-1687

Xenoliths of subducted crustal origin hosted by Miocene ultrapotassicigneous rocks in the southern Pamir provide important new informationregarding the geological processes accompanying tectonism duringthe Indo-Eurasian collision. Four types have been studied: sanidineeclogites (omphacite, garnet, sanidine, quartz, biotite, kyanite),felsic granulites (garnet, quartz, sanidine and kyanite), basalticeclogites (omphacite and garnet), and a glimmerite (biotite,clinopyroxene and sanidine). Apatite, rutile and carbonate arethe most abundant minor phases. Hydrous phases (biotite andphengite in felsic granulites and basaltic eclogites, amphibolesin mafic and sanidine eclogites) and plagioclase form minorinclusions in garnet or kyanite. Solid-phase thermobarometryreveals recrystallization at mainly ultrahigh temperatures of1000–1100°C and near-ultrahigh pressures of 2·5–2·8GPa. Textures, parageneses and mineral compositions suggestderivation of the xenoliths from subducted basaltic, tonaliticand pelitic crust that experienced high-pressure dehydrationmelting, K-rich metasomatism, and solid-state re-equilibration.The timing of these processes is constrained by zircon agesfrom the xenoliths and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of the host volcanic rocksto 57–11 Ma. These xenoliths reveal that deeply subductedcrust may undergo extensive dehydration-driven partial melting,density-driven differentiation and disaggregation, and sequestrationwithin the mantle. These processes may also contribute to thealkaline volcanism observed in continent-collision zones. KEY WORDS: xenolith; high-pressure; subduction; Pamir; Tibet  相似文献