林分密度对华北土石山区油松人工林土壤有机碳及养分特征的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

任丽娜  王海燕  丁国栋  高广磊  杨晓娟 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):456-464

 以木兰围场国有林场管理局实施间伐后6种保留密度下（540、650、1 084、1 104、1 408和1 860 株 / hm2）油松人工林为研究对象,研究各土层的土壤有机碳和N、P、K等养分元素含量及其相关关系。研究结果显示：(1) 土壤有机碳含量和碳密度垂直递减特征明显,均随土壤深度的增加而显著减小,当林分密度由540 株 / hm2增加到1 860 株 / hm2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度变化规律不尽一致,其分布区间分别为10.56~21.21 g / kg,与5.48~11.70 kg / m2;(2) 林分密度对土壤有机碳及碳密度有显著的影响,1 408 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度分别与650 株 / hm2和1 860 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度呈显著性差异,而其它林分密度间无显著差异。当林分密度为1 104 株 / hm2时,各土层土壤全N和P、K的有效量及全量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,在0~60 cm深度土壤全N、全P、全K、有效P和速效K含量均值均达到最高,分别为1.38 g/kg、0.34 g/kg、32.75 g/kg、33.10 mg/kg和118.85 mg/kg;(3) 不同林分密度、不同土层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度与土壤全N及P、K的全量和有效量的相关显著性有差异,对整个土壤剖面而言,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全N、全P、速效K均呈显著或极显著正相关;(4) 在本研究林分密度范围内,从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将油松人工林的林分密度控制在1 104 株 / hm2。  相似文献   

Using low-density discrete Airborne Laser Scanning data to assess the potential carbon dioxide emission in case of a fire event in a Mediterranean pine forest     

Antonio Luis Montealegre-Gracia  María Teresa Lamelas-Gracia  Alberto García-Martín  Juan de la Riva-Fernández  Francisco Escribano-Bernal 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(5):721-740

The aim of study is to map the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of the aboveground tree biomass (AGB) in case of a fire event. The suitability of low point density, discrete, multiple-return, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data and the influence of several characteristics of these data and the study area on the results obtained have been evaluated. A sample of 45 circular plots representative of Pinus halepensis Miller stands were used to fit and validate the model of AGB. The ALS point clouds were processed to obtain the independent variables and a multivariate linear regression analysis between field data and ALS-derived variables allowed estimation of AGB. Then, the influence of several characteristics on the residuals of the model was analyzed. Finally, conversion factors were applied to obtain the CO₂ values. The AGB model presented a R² value of 0.84 with a relative root-mean-square error of 27.35%. This model included ALS variables related to vegetation height variability and to canopy density. Terrain slope, aspect, canopy cover, scan angle and the number of laser returns did not influence AGB estimations at plot level.  相似文献   

30多年来呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化的演变特点及防治对策研究   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10  

韩广  张桂芳 《中国沙漠》1998,18(3):221-225

采用遥感技术与野外调查相结合的方法,通过3个典型小区对呼伦贝尔草原30多年来的沙漠化演变特点进行了系统研究。结果表明:该区的樟子松林区发生着强烈的沙漠化逆转,许多地段已转变为非沙漠化土地;其它地区除部分地段由于人类的积极治理而发生沙漠化逆转外,仍处于不断发展的过程中。因此,对于樟子松天然分布区,可充分利用樟子松的优良防风固沙特性和较强的扩展能力来防治沙漠化,而对其它地区则应以封育为主,加强人工抚育和草原建设。  相似文献   

长汀水土流失区生长季马尾松树干液流密度特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郑怀舟  朱锦懋  李守中  袁红伟  魏霞 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2007,2(2):21-29

应用热扩散探针测定福建长汀水土流失区生长季马尾松东南西北4个方位的树干液流密度,并比较不同人工治理措施下马尾松树干液流密度的特征,利用自动气象站同步记录环境因子变化,以探讨先锋树种的水分生理生态特征及其对环境变化的响应.研究表明,马尾松4个方位的树干液流密度日变化均呈现单峰型变化规律;南向树干液流密度峰值最高,日变化幅度也最大;东、西、南、北4个方位的液流密度差异显著(P＜0.01),但各方位液流间呈现显著的线性关系;树干4个方位液流的启动时间与太阳辐射之间存在约3个小时的时滞;4个方位液流与环境因子相关性均极显著(P＜0.01),其中与液流密度相关性最强的是空气温度,其次为土壤温度和太阳辐射,4个方位液流受环境因子的影响程度存在差异;不同治理措施下的马尾松液流密度日变化规律相似,但数值差异显著(P＜0.01),经过人工施肥的样地马尾松树干液流密度峰值明显高于未施肥的样地.  相似文献   

氧化环境对油松花粉保存影响实验研究     

曹现勇  田芳  许清海  李月丛  陈利  白旋 《冰川冻土》2009,31(3)

花粉保存能力差异是影响花粉谱准确性的重要因素之一,采用KMnO4溶液和HNO3溶液作为氧化剂,模拟自然环境氧化条件对油松花粉保存影响情况.结果表明:同一KMnO4溶液浓度条件下,随时间延长油松花粉完好率呈下降趋势;浸泡相同时间,随KMnO4溶液浓度增大油松花粉完好率亦明显下降.经68%HNO3溶液浸泡18 h后,残留的完好花粉外壁变薄,纹饰变模糊,24 h后花粉几乎完全被溶解.一般认为油松花粉保存能力较强,而经2%KMnO4溶液和68%HNO3溶液处理后,发现在短时间内就足以使油松花粉大量破碎或溶解,表明氧化环境对油松花粉保存影响强烈.氧化环境对油松花粉腐蚀作用强于碱性环境.  相似文献   

Fluoride Biomonitoring around a Large Aluminium Smelter Using Foliage from Different Tree Species     

Judith Hebelen Rodriguez  Eduardo Daniel Wannaz  María Luisa Pignata  Andreas Fangmeier  Jürgen Franzaring 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(12):1315-1319

In order to study the pollution gradient in the vicinity of a large aluminium production facility in Patagonia (Argentina), a passive biomonitoring was performed employing foliage from three tree species. Primary scope was to identify pollution gradients and to select suitable tree species which can be used as biomonitor plants in the study area. Therefore, leaves of Eucalyptus rostrata, Populus hybridus and different needle ages of Pinus radiata were collected at different distances from the industry and the fluoride concentration was analysed in washed and unwashed samples in order to determine the amount of external fluoride. Washing reduced the F‐concentrations by 24, 39 and 51% on average in E. rostrata, P. hybridus and P. radiata, respectively, indicating that species‐specific characteristics determine the accumulation and wash‐off of dust‐associated fluorine. F‐concentrations varied from 6 to 3652 ppm F in unwashed samples indicating a steep pollution gradient in the study area. The influence of F‐emissions was discernible in all samples up to a distance of 3500 m from the smelter. E. rostrata accumulated more fluorine than the other species at equal distance from the emission source. The present study confirms that aluminium smelting results in high F deposition in the study area. Establishing a biomonitor network around large emitters is suitable and feasible to evaluate the efficiency of air control measures.  相似文献   

Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks following grassland afforestation of semiarid sandy soil in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y.L. Hu  D.H. Zeng  Z.P. Fan  G.S. Chen  Q. Zhao  D. Pepper 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(12):2193-2200

The ecological consequences of grassland afforestation in arid/semiarid sandy regions are not well known with respect to tree species and stand age. The present study quantifies the changes in above- and belowground carbon (C) stocks following afforestation in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands with species of Mongolian pine and poplar. We studied 15-, 24-, and 30-year-old Mongolian pine plantations, 7-, 11-, and 15-year-old poplar plantations, and adjacent grasslands. The results show that total ecosystem C stocks increased following grassland afforestation. Aboveground C stocks increased at a rate of 2.75 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the poplar plantations, and 1.06 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the Mongolian pine plantations. Mineral soil C stocks decreased during the early stage of forest establishment, but recovered with increasing stand age. Root C stock increased significantly in the Mongolian pine plantations, but the poplar plantations showed no such increase relative to the grassland. Our results indicate that afforestation of the grassland in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands would sequester more C than would continuous grassland. Tree species selection and stand developmental age should be considered in planning future afforestation projects.  相似文献   

天柱山黄山松群落特征及其环境功能评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周葆华  余世金 《地理研究》2008,27(2):257-265

应用样方法,通过野外实地调查、数理统计,分析了天柱山黄山松群落特征和物种多样性;采用因子分析法、专家评价法和模糊评价方法,评价了天柱山黄山松群落环境功能及价值。结果表明:天柱山黄山松群落物种组成较复杂,科属分散,共有52科105属,区系成分多样,覆盖了9个种子植物科的分布区类型,具有明显的从北亚热带常绿阔叶林向暖温带落叶阔叶林过渡的特点;物种多样,乔木层、灌木层、草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.9814、2.3175、2.1077,但由于人类活动的影响,乔木层黄山松的相对密度和优势度较大,多样性指数相对较低;群落顺行演替,环境服务功能多样,保护价值较重要。  相似文献   

Response to climate change of different tree species and NDVI variation since 1923 in the middle arid region of Ningxia, China     

YaJun Wang  RuiJie Lu  YuZhen M  HongWei Meng  ShangYu Gao 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(1):0030-0036

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indicated that radial growth of P. tabulaeformis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that of P. crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth of P. crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April–May (r =0.641, p <0.01), and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April–May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923–2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s–1930s, the 1960s–1970s, and the early 21st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area.  相似文献   

沙地彰武松在不同基质上扦插生根性状研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟鹏  张学利  李玉灵  宋晓东  尤国春 《中国沙漠》2008,28(3):504-508

彰武松在3种基质中插穗生根性状存在显著差异。综合分析生根率、生根性状和根系效果指数等三个因素,发现蛭石基质最好,草炭基质次之,细沙基质较差。草炭基质虽生根率较高,但根系效果指数却没有蛭石好。生根能力较差的细沙基质,生根性状离散度最大。彰武松插穗生根性状的相关分析表明,侧根数、不定根（插穗底部切面不同位置上长出的主根）数、最长不定根长分别与根总长度存在极显著正相关,侧根数、不定根数及最长不定根长相互存在极显著正相关,最长不定根长与最长不定根粗有显著负相关关系。  相似文献