A Closed Loop Wastewater Biorefinery Based on the Recently Introduced SHEFROL Reactor and Two Freely Available Macrophytes     

Tabassum-Abbasi  Pratiksha Patnaik  Shahid Abbas Abbasi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(3):2100287

With an objective to develop a closed loop wastewater biorefinery, the performance of two free floating aquatic weeds water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, Mart, Solms) and salvinia (Salvinia molesta, Mitchell) is explored when either is used as the main bioagent for treating sewage in “sheet flow root level” (SHEFROL) bioreactors. Both the macrophytes prove to be easy to propagate and maintain while they are able to help in achieving significant primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment steps of greywater in a single step. Water hyacinth is able to remove suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, soluble phosphorous, zinc, copper, nickel, and manganese to the average extents of 81%, 79%, 43%, 41%, 40%, 36%, 34%, and 29%, respectively. The reduction in COD and BOD levels achieved by salvinia is marginally lesser than by water hyacinth but in terms of the removal of other pollutants, the performance of salvinia is comparable to that of water hyacinth. It is possible to convert the dead or harvested plants to organic fertilizer thus making it a closed-loop system with no waste of its own.  相似文献   

广西宜州裂陷槽晚古生代演化与早石炭世沉积锰矿分布^*     

黄恒  颜佳新  余文超 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):1001-1011

滇黔桂地区晚古生代浅水碳酸盐岩台地与深水硅泥质盆地共存的古地理格局,是在加里东期褶皱基底上发生裂陷及差异沉降而发展起来的。广西宜州—柳州一带既是晚古生代上扬子碳酸盐岩地台南缘1条重要的沉积相分界线,也是晚古生代桂中和桂北地层分区、古生代—中生代雪峰山南段构造体系和桂中坳陷构造体系的分界线。文中通过对宜山—柳州一带晚古生代地层的区域对比和成因分析,恢复了桂中宜山—柳州地区晚古生代沉积盆地的演化历史。狭长型宜州裂陷槽盆地西起丹池断裂,向东经龙头、北牙、宜州延伸至柳州。自中泥盆世开始,首先在东西两端开始裂陷下沉,至早石炭世发展成型。受北侧来自江南隆起带陆源碎屑物质充填影响,其表现为南北不对称并在早石炭世晚期被填平。在宜州裂陷槽内发育多处早石炭世沉积型碳酸锰矿,含矿地层分布、地层序列及其沉积背景明显与裂陷槽演化有关。它们既是盆地演化历史的见证,也体现了桂中地区裂陷海槽的特色,值得在后续锰矿成因研究中予以重视。  相似文献   

Evaluating new fault-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite,Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin     

Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah  Hilary Corlett  Jack Stacey  Peter K. Swart  Adrian Boyce  Hamish Robertson  Fiona Whitaker  Cathy Hollis 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):2945-2973

Fault-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization in tectonically complex basins can occur at any depth and from different fluid compositions, including ‘deep-seated’, ‘crustal’ or ‘basinal’ brines. Nevertheless, many studies have failed to identify the actual source of these fluids, resulting in a gap in our knowledge on the likely source of magnesium of hydrothermal dolomitization. With development of new concepts in hydrothermal dolomitization, the study aims in particular to test the hypothesis that dolomitizing fluids were sourced from either seawater, ultramafic carbonation or a mixture between the two by utilizing the Cambrian Mount Whyte Formation as an example. Here, the large-scale dolostone bodies are fabric-destructive with a range of crystal fabrics, including euhedral replacement (RD1) and anhedral replacement (RD2). Since dolomite is cross-cut by low amplitude stylolites, dolomitization is interpreted to have occurred shortly after deposition, at a very shallow depth (<1 km). At this time, there would have been sufficient porosity in the mudstones for extensive dolomitization to occur, and the necessary high heat flows and faulting associated with Cambrian rifting to transfer hot brines into the near surface. While the δ¹⁸O_water and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios values of RD1 are comparable with Cambrian seawater, RD2 shows higher values in both parameters. Therefore, although aspects of the fluid geochemistry are consistent with dolomitization from seawater, very high fluid temperature and salinity could be suggestive of mixing with another, hydrothermal fluid. The very hot temperature, positive Eu anomaly, enriched metal concentrations, and cogenetic relation with quartz could indicate that hot brines were at least partially sourced from ultramafic rocks, potentially as a result of interaction between the underlying Proterozoic serpentinites and CO₂-rich fluids. This study highlights that large-scale hydrothermal dolostone bodies can form at shallow burial depths via mixing during fluid pulses, providing a potential explanation for the mass balance problem often associated with their genesis.  相似文献   

新型抗水氯氧镁水泥防渗渠在自然环境的水化产物、相转变规律及其对强度的影响          下载免费PDF全文

石天阳  余红发  麻海燕  李颖 《盐湖研究》2021,29(3):38-46, 55

氯氧镁水泥(Magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC)具有快凝、早强、高强、防火和不腐蚀玻璃纤维等优点,非常适合于制作玻璃纤维增强薄壁制品,在农业灌溉工程中具有良好的应用前景。采用XRD和TOPAS分析了新型抗水氯氧镁水泥制成内蒙古防渗渠的物相组成,探讨了氯氧镁水泥制品在自然环境的水化产物与相转变规律、以及相组成对强度的影响。结果表明,在水分缺少的条件下,氯氧镁水泥的水化产物主要为5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)_2;在水分充足的条件下,水化产物主要为Mg(OH)_2和5·1·8,碳化产物为碳化氯氧化镁Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·2MgCO_3·6H_2O(1·1·2·6)和水菱镁矿4MgCO_3·Mg(OH)_2·4H_2O(4·1·4)。水化产物对强度有促进作用,而碳化产物会降低强度。通过10年的工程环境考验,证明新型氯氧镁水泥制品在环境中能够保持主要强度相5·1·8的稳定性,具有良好的长期力学性能。  相似文献   

东地中海黎凡特盆地白垩纪阿尔布期白云岩成因研究          下载免费PDF全文

王小敏  胡忠亚  李伟强 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):681

“白云岩问题”一直是碳酸盐岩研究的热点问题。镁作为白云石的主量元素之一,其同位素组成包含了白云岩化过 程和白云岩沉积环境的信息。本文以以色列黎凡特盆地早白垩世末阿尔布期（~100 Ma）Givat Ye’arim组和Soreq组白云岩 为研究对象,在岩石学、微量元素和C-O-Sr同位素地球化学研究基础之上,开展了高密度镁同位素分析。结果显示白云岩 主要由半自形-自形的泥微晶白云石组成,岩性致密,后期成岩改造作用较弱,因此元素及同位素组成基本可以反映原始 白云岩化流体的地球化学特征;C-Sr同位素组成与Albian期海水保持一致,表明同期咸化海水是白云岩化流体并为白云石 形成提供镁离子;白云岩δ26Mg值稳定在-2.0‰左右,没有明显的垂向差异,表明白云岩化过程中咸化海水供应充足,流体 以渗流方式而不是以扩散方式在松散沉积物中运移,孔隙水化学组成相对均一,白云岩镁同位素组成得以与同期海水相平 衡。白云岩中陆源风化指示元素Rb和ΣREE以及海水盐度指标Na元素含量表现出多期旋回性变化,反映半封闭体系对周期 性气候和环境变化的响应,然而垂向上稳定的白云岩δ26Mg值表明区域性的气候变化不会显著改变沉积盆地体系中的镁同位 素组成,因此对于地质历史时期在半局限海洋环境中沉积的巨厚白云岩而言,其镁同位素组成可以用来示踪全球海水镁同 位素波动。  相似文献   

中国内陆干旱、半干旱区苦咸水分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

俄有浩  严平  李文赞  马玉风 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):565-573

通过大量野外调查、水样采集和化验分析,对中国内陆干旱、半干旱区的苦咸水和高氟水分布特征进行了初步研究。采集到的地表和地下水样中,分别有51.0%和41.5%属于苦咸水;55%和59%水样氟化物含量超标,属于高氟水。研究区的苦咸水以Cl^--Na⁺和HCO₃^--Na⁺为主要离子类型,SO₄^2--Mg²⁺和SO₄^2--Ca²⁺为次要离子类型。苦咸水和高氟水主要分布在内陆河流域下游尾闾、封闭内流区低洼湖盆低地、北部准平原化干燥剥蚀低山残丘间冲积洼地、沙漠低洼湖盆和黄土高原中西部径流系数较小的河流及部分露头潜水等区域,并具有区域富集性分布特点。季节性降水、季节性河流或渠系灌溉对苦咸水的季节性或年际间变化和空间分布有较大影响。较高浓度基质含盐量、水文地质结构、气候条件和特定的水文地球化学环境是苦咸水和高氟水形成与富集分布的主要原因。  相似文献   

Impact of fertilizer phosphorus application on phosphorus release kinetics in some calcareous soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. R. Hosseinpur  F. S. Biabanaki 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1065-1069

Phosphate reactions and retention in the soil are of paramount importance from the perspective of plant nutrition and fertilizer use efficiency. The objective of this work was to study the kinetics of phosphorus (P) desorption in different soils of Hamadan in fertilized and unfertilized soils. Soils were fertilized with 200 mg P kg⁻¹. Fertilized and unfertilized soils were incubated at 25 ± 1°C for 6 months. After that, release of P was studied by successive extraction with 0.5 M NaHCO₃ over a period of 1,752 h. The results showed that phosphorus desorption from the fertilized and unfertilized soils began with a fast initial reaction, followed by a slow secondary reaction. The amount of P released after 1,752 h in fertilized and unfertilized soils ranged from 457 to 762.4 and 309.6 to 586.7 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The kinetics of cumulative P release was evaluated using the five kinetic equations. Phosphorus desorption kinetics were best described by parabolic diffusion law, first order, and power function equations. Rate constants of these equations were higher in fertilized than unfertilized soils. Results from this study indicate that release rate of P plays a significant role in supplying available P and released P in runoff.  相似文献   

钾肥需求模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴永娇  马海州  董锁成  田润 《盐湖研究》2008,16(4)

旨在模拟预测中国钾肥需求,为钾肥市场参与者和决策者提供基本的数据和理论支持。运用主成份分析法和多元回归计量经济模型模拟我国钾肥需求。首先,运用主成份分析法对钾肥需求影响因子进行降维处理;其次,采用多元统计非线性回归计量经济学模型模拟钾肥需求。结果表明:(1)钾肥需求与人均耕地、受灾面积、钾肥价格呈负相关关系;(2)钾肥需求与耕地、粮食用地、农产品价格存正相关关系;(3)钾肥需求预测可由较易得的人均耕地、耕地、粮食用地、受灾面积、农产品价格和钾肥价格数据代入模型模拟获得,且模拟数据与现实数据吻合较好;(4)此方法可较广泛运用,不需大量的野外试验和较大的工作量,且无空间跨度差异;(5)政府行为对钾肥需求有着极大的影响作用,政府应发挥其积极性,制定出一套有序的制度安排,以弥补市场本身潜在的问题,引导市场机制不断完善。  相似文献   

棉花滴灌专用肥氮磷钾元素在土壤中的运移及其利用率   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

尹飞虎  刘洪亮  谢宗铭  陈云 《地理研究》2010,29(2):235-243

棉花滴灌专用肥是基于绿洲干旱区域滴灌施肥和棉花需肥特点研发的新型复合肥。通过田间试验,对比研究了滴灌专用肥与常规肥的不同养分在土壤中的运移特点及滴灌棉花的养分利用率。结果表明:在膜下滴施条件下,滴灌专用肥的氮、磷、钾养分在土壤中的移动性强于常规肥,养分在土层中的分布与棉花根系分布特点吻合度好,促进了棉花根系养分吸收,提高了养分利用率;棉花滴灌专用肥氮、磷、钾的生理利用效率较常规肥分别提高了3.62%、4.18%和1.45%,农学利用率较常规肥分别提高了29.37%、29.2%和29.38%;在等养分条件下,滴施专用肥增产籽棉6.9%。  相似文献   

草原化荒漠植被草本层片植物对人工施加氮素的响应     

苏洁琼  李新荣  李小军  贺郝钰  贾荣亮  高永平 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1336-1340

水分是干旱区生态过程的第一非生物限制因子,土壤氮由于直接影响着生物生产力和土壤生态过程而被认为是仅次于水分的限制因子。利用人工施加氮肥的控制试验研究了荒漠植被草本层片植物在多度、物种丰富度、高生长以及地上部分生物量等群落学特征对不同施肥处理的响应。结果表明,在施肥量分别为12.5、25、50 g·m-2时,样方植物多度和物种丰富度在施肥当年和第二年较对照均有不同程度的降低,且施肥量越高,降低越明显,这一结果支持来自典型草地和森林植被生物多样性对氮素增加或氮降沉增加响应的结论,即氮素的增加会使生物多样性减少。地上部分生物量对施氮肥的响应在施肥当年(年降水量为多年平均值的1.4倍)和第二年(年降水量为多年平均值的0.7倍)表现出相反的规律,即施肥当年随着施肥量的增加生物量显著增加,而在第二年则显著减小,说明水肥耦合同样有利于荒漠生态系统生物生产力的提高。氮素对植物高生长的影响不明显,各施肥梯度与对照相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),这可能主要取决于荒漠草本植物本身固有的生物学特性。  相似文献