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1.
玉龙雪山周边典型河流雨季水化学特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
2009 年5~10 月在玉龙雪山周边典型小流域白水河、三束河、哥吉河采集河水样品,水化学分析结果表明,三条河流河水均呈现弱碱性,主要离子组成表现为富集Ca2++Mg2+和HCO3-+SO42-,且以Ca2+和HCO3-为主,各类离子存在显著季节变化。离子来源分析表明,玉龙雪山周边小流域河水雨季主要受降水和岩石风化影响,大气降水对河水主要常规离子Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-的贡献率为分别为23.44%,9.66%,3.10%,17.81%,10.48%。研究区碳酸盐岩的风化产物是河水离子组成的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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以黑河流域中游典型绿洲边缘地表水（水库水、河流水）和地下水为研究对象,选取2005—2013年地下水和地表水水化学离子连续监测数据,综合运用描述性统计、Piper图、Gibbs图、离子相关性等方法,对水化学类型及其控制因素进行系统分析。结果表明：① 在2005—2013年地下水总溶解固体（TDS）呈上升趋势,而地表水（河流水和水库水）TDS呈下降趋势,同时,地下水TDS显著高于地表水;② 在年际尺度,地下水离子浓度均随时间增加而显著升高,而河流水和水库水离子整体呈下降趋势;在年内尺度,地下水NO3?离子浓度呈现8月显著高于5月的特征,河流水Ca2+、SO42?离子浓度8月高于5月,而水库水所有离子含量5月高于8月;③ 在2005—2013年,地表水和地下水水化学类型变化：地表水水化学类型在2005—2009年由HCO3?-SO42?-Ca2+-Mg2+ 转变为HCO3?-Ca2+-Na+,而2009—2013年水库水转变为HCO3?-SO42?-Ca2+-Mg2+,河水转变为HCO3?-SO42?-Ca2+-Na+;地下水水化学类型由HCO3?-SO42?-Ca2+-Mg2+ 型转变为SO42?-HCO3?-Ca2+-Na+-Mg2+ 型;地表水和地下水中SO42?、NO3?变异系数最大,是随环境因素变化的最主要敏感离子;④ Gibbs图表明,地表水和地下水中离子主要来源于岩石风化作用,方解石、白云岩等碳酸盐岩或硅酸盐岩矿物的风化溶解是该地区离子主要来源。 相似文献
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西藏山南地区沉错湖泊与径流水化学特征及主控因素初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取枪勇冰川径流-卡鲁雄曲（河）-沉错（湖）为研究区域,开展高原湖泊及其补给河流与冰川径流的水化学特征研究,并探讨影响主离子组成的主控因素。结果表明：夏季湖水主要离子呈均匀混合状态,pH值、电导率、TDS及优势阴阳离子在整个湖泊空间上变化不显著;总体上,从上游冰川融水径流、河水至下游湖泊,离子浓度呈现上升趋势;融水径流及河水的水化学类型主要受岩石风化作用控制,表现为SO42--Ca2+-Mg2+类型;沉错湖水的水化学类型主要受蒸发结晶作用控制,表现为SO42--Na+-Ca2+类型,在蒸发作用下Ca2+逐渐沉淀析出,Na+浓度不断升高而成为绝对优势阳离子。 相似文献
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对2013年4月至2014年7月甘肃省武威市降水事件中常量离子进行测定,运用相关分析、富集因子分析、因子分析和HYSPLIT后向轨迹分析对常量离子的化学特征进行分析。结果表明：武威市降水pH值的变化范围为6.69～8.84,加权平均降水pH值为7.56;降水电导率的分布范围为33.9～1 011 μS·cm-1,加权平均降水电导率为191.07 μS·cm-1;降水中离子浓度SO42- > Ca2+ > NO3- > Na+ > Cl- > K+ > Mg2+ > NH4+ > F-。SO42-、Ca2+、NO3-、Cl-和Na+浓度占总离子浓度的92.14%;阴阳离子浓度随季节变化均表现出显著的波动,Na+、Ca2+、NH4+均在春季出现最大值,K+、Mg2+、F-、Cl-、NO3-和SO42-均在冬季出现最大值。人类活动产生的污染对武威市降水离子浓度有很大影响,特别是工农业生产以及人类活动排放SO2、NOx以及氯化物等污染物。据水汽通量、流线分布和后向轨迹将武威市的降水划分为西风源降水和混合源降水（受季风和西风共同影响）。 相似文献
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甘肃石油河流域地下水补给来源与演化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对石油河流域所包含的赤金盆地与花海盆地,综合利用地下水水化学指标与稳定同位素技术系统地研究了地下水的补给来源与演化规律。其中赤金盆地地下水化学演化受控于溶滤作用,方解石、白云石、石膏等不断地溶解进入低矿化度的地下水中导致Mg2++Ca2+与HCO3-+SO42-沿1∶1等量线分布;而花海盆地高矿化度地下水中的Na+与SO42-、Na+与Cl-均有较好线性关系且多数矿物饱和指数>1,表明芒硝溶解控制了地下水中主要离子成分且地下水演化过程转由蒸发浓缩作用主导。赤金、花海盆地地下水氢氧同位素沿祁连山大气降水线分布或于右下方,二者特征相似,但后者更为富集重同位素,反映研究区地下水主要补给来源为祁连山大气降水或石油河河水;此外,两盆地间水力联系紧密,前者补给后者,因此在水资源开发利用时应将两盆地作为整体进行统筹管理,避免不合理开采造成环境地质问题。 相似文献
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雅丹地层是雅丹地貌形成发育的物质基础,记录了沉积过程、环境演化、地貌格局等大量的地表过程信息,而沉积物理化分析则成为解读其关键信息的重要前提。易溶盐特征作为重要的环境代用指标对解读雅丹地层沉积演化过程具有重要指示意义。以敦煌雅丹地貌为研究对象,对其出露地层的易溶盐沉积特征、环境代用指标以及沉积环境演化等进行了深入探讨。结果表明：(1)敦煌雅丹地层沉积物优势离子以Mg2+-Na+-Ca2+-Cl--SO42-组合为特征,相应的离子类型主要包括Cl-Na型与SO4-Ca-Mg;(2)主要离子与总含盐量纵向旋回变化特征显著,以硫酸盐和氯化物盐交替演化为主,二者对雅丹易溶盐沉积具有决定性控制作用;(3)环境代用指标Mg2+/Ca2+、Cl-/SO42-等在雅丹环境变化研究中具有一定的局限性,表明雅丹地层并非完全由稳定的湖泊沉积发育而来... 相似文献
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通过连续收集降水样品对祁连山浅山区民乐县大气降水特征及水汽来源进行研究,运用相关分析和主成分因子分析,探讨了2013 年5 月27 日至2014 年7 月7 日祁连山民乐地区降水常量离子的化学特征。结果表明：研究时段内降水离子浓度由大到小依次为Ca2+ >SO42- >NH4+ >Cl- >Na+ >NO3- >Mg2+ >K+,其中Ca2+和SO42-是高浓度离子,阳离子总浓度远远高于阴离子总浓度。降水pH 平均值为7.44,降水电导率的变化范围为4.0 μs·cm-1～940.0 μs·cm-1,平均值为167.93 μs·cm-1。Ca2+离子和SO42-离子分别占阳离子和阴离子总浓度的47%和44%。各阴阳离子随季节变化表现出明显的波动趋势,冬、春季节降水极少时阴阳离子浓度较高,而在夏季降水较多时各离子浓度较低。冬春季频繁的沙尘暴活动造成大气陆源气溶胶浓度升高,且该时段降水量少,因此降水离子浓度升高。相关分析和主成分因子分析结果表明,祁连山浅山区民乐县的降水化学离子主要来源于陆源物质,农业生产和人类活动产生的气溶胶是次要来源。 相似文献
9.
乌鲁木齐冬季大气细颗粒物水溶性离子特征及来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨乌鲁木齐冬季大气细颗粒物的污染水平及其水溶性离子的特征,于2013年1-3月采集大气PM2.5样品,并利用离子色谱仪分析其中的水溶性离子,采用硫转化率、离子相关性分析及后向轨迹模型对其可能来源进行了讨论。结果表明:观测期间采样点PM2.5平均质量浓度为170.13±51.39 μg·m-3,水溶性离子总浓度平均值为53.47±23.76 μg·m-3,其中3种二次离子(SO42-、NO3-和NH4+)是水溶性离子的主要组分;不同天气类型下PM2.5和离子浓度差异较大,雾、霾天气二次离子浓度占总浓度的81.99%和86.24%,硫转化率均大于0.1;春节期间由于燃放大量的烟花爆竹,使得PM2.5可溶性离子K+和Cl-浓度急剧上升;NH4+与SO42-、NO3-相关系数分别为0.975和0.748,(NH4)2SO4、NH4HSO4和NH4NO3是细颗粒物水溶性组分的可能结合方式,Cl-和K+的相关性显著,说明两者具有同源性;固定排放源仍然是乌鲁木齐大气污染物的主要来源,局地大气输送会使大气污染加重。 相似文献
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Aerosol samples were collected in the Shiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains from July 24 to August 19,2012 and analyzed for major water-soluble ionic species(F-,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-,Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+ and Ca2+) by ion chromatography. SO42- and NH4+ were the most abundant components of all the anions and cations,with average concentrations of 94.72 and 54.26 neq/m3,respectively,accounting for 34% and 20% of the total water-soluble ions analyzed.These mean ion concentrations were generally comparable with the background conditions in remote sites of the Qilian Mountains,but were much lower than those in certain cities in China.The particles were grouped into two dominant types according to their morphology and EDX signal:Si-rich particles and Fe-rich particles.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that inland cities may contribute some anthropogenic pollution to this glacier,while the arid and semi-arid regions of central Asia were the primary sources of the mineral particles. 相似文献
12.
Li+,Na+,K+/Cl-,SO2-4-H2O五元体系相图对于硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水分离提取锂盐、锂辉石加工利用和锂盐产品的开发利用工艺制定都有指导作用。20世纪50年代曾有人研究过这一体系25 ℃时的相图,限于当时的科研水平,液相组成确定不准确,对平衡固相的判断,后来诸多研究结果证明也有错误。50多年来再没有人研究这一五元体系相图。利用我们提出的Li+,Na+,K+/Cl-,SO2-4-H2O六元体系热力学模型,对该五元体系的平衡溶液组成和正确的平衡固相进行理论预测,给出了该体系的完整相图。结合硫酸锂混盐分离、加工实例阐述了该五元体系相图的应用。 相似文献
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Mohsen Jalali 《Natural Resources Research》2012,21(1):61-73
Salinity and sodicity of groundwater are the principal water quality concerns in irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions.
The hydrochemical characteristics and sodicity of groundwater in the Shirin Sou area, western Iran were investigated in this
study by chemical analyses of groundwater samples from 49 wells. Chemical analysis of the groundwater showed that the mean
concentration of the cations was in the order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while that for anions was SO3
2− > Cl− > HCO3
− > NO3
−. The most prevalent water type is Na–SO4 followed by water types Na–Cl and Ca–SO4. The chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by water–rock interactions: mainly weathering of aluminosilicates,
dissolution of sulfate minerals, and cation exchange reactions. Sulfate dissolution and pyrite weathering may both contribute
to the SO4
2− load of the groundwater. High Na+ concentrations in groundwater participate in ion-exchange processes, resulting in the displacement of base cations into solution
and raised concentrations in groundwater. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on groundwater identified three
principal components controlling variability of groundwater chemistry. Electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO4
2−, and Cl− content were associated in the same component (PC1) (salinity), most likely linked to anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
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以典型荒漠区原生盐碱荒地及开垦农田为研究对象,通过对比研究,以阐明原生盐碱荒地开垦后不同管理措施下土壤可溶盐总量的变化规律,开垦后土壤剖面中可溶盐总量的垂直分布和季节变化规律。结果表明：开垦显著降低了0～50 cm土壤的可溶性盐含量,开垦达100 a以上老耕地的可溶性盐含量（2.31 g/kg）仅为原生盐碱荒地（26.62 g/kg）的11%;长期的耕作改变了土壤可溶性盐分在土层中的分布,原生荒漠土壤盐分具有鲜明的表聚特征,0～30 cm土层的盐分含量占整个土壤剖面的79%,开垦50 a后,土壤中的盐分分布趋于均匀,各离子浓度的垂直分布不再明显;开垦使土壤中的盐分离子组成也发生了变化,Cl-、K+、Na+离子浓度降低,而SO42-、Mg2+、Ca2+离子浓度增加,耕作层土壤由SO4-2-Cl-1盐土转变为Cl-1-SO4-2盐土;盐碱荒地土壤可溶盐浓度伴随着降水变化具有显著的季节变化特征,而季节对开垦耕地没有显著影响。总体而言,盐碱荒地经过多年开垦利用后,土壤可溶性盐分和pH值均显著降低。 相似文献
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Rivers and streams originating in the surrounding mountainous area are the major sources of salt in the Salinas Grandes basin (Córdoba, Argentina). These rivers infiltrate when they reach the sandflat or in the fringes of the mudflat, feeding springs which often form shallow lakes. Presently, the lakes are distant from the playa edge, thus allowing inflow waters to dissolve ancient (Pleistocene?) evaporite beds. In the sandflat environment, two dominant types of water have been recognized (SO 4 2? -Cl?-HCO 3 ? -Na+, and Cl?-SO 4 2? -HCO 3 2? -Na+), both considered as original members of the brine in the saline complex. Two main sources of solutes were distinguished, one related to the waters supplied by the southern sector and another to waters of the eastern sector. As a result of the chemical evolution in the playa environment, all brines belong to the neutral type (Cl?-SO 4 2? -Na+). Following Hardie and Eugster's (1970) model, waters from the southern sector should evolve towards an alkaline brine (Cl?-SO 4 2? -HCO 3 ? -Na+), whereas those from to the eastern sector should evolve towards a neutral one (Cl?-SO 4 2? -Na+). A computer simulation was carried out to model the chemical evolution of source waters. The results obtained by this methodology showed the same dichotomy (alkaline vs. neutral) established by Hardie and Eugster's (1970) model. The deficit in alkalinity could not be explained by any of the mechanisms published until now. Gypsum dissolution is the most likely mechanism which accounts for the chemical evolution of the waters investigated. When such a process is included in the computations, the Ca2+ supplied by gypsum beds generates an increase in the ion activity product (aCa+2·aCO 3 2? ) and produces a significant change in the 2Ca+2/(2CO 3 2? +HCO 3 ? ) ratio, switching from values less than 1 to values greater than 1. This process determines the precipitation of calcite, and leads to a decrease in alkalinity, which in turn would explain the existence of a neutral brine in the saline complex. An intermediate salinity brine was detected in the mudflat, which, according to the model (Hardie and Eugster, 1970), should evolve towards a SO 4 2? -free neutral brine (Cl?-Na+-Ca2+). The absence of this type of brine may be explained through mixing processes. 相似文献
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引入湖泊经纬度、海拔、湖水温度、湖水pH值以及湖水Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、 SO42-、CO32-、HCO3-浓度等13个基本变量作为聚类指标,构建了自组织特征映射（SOFM）网络,对巴丹吉林沙漠南部共计105个常年积水湖泊进行了非线性聚类,并与基于类平均法的线性聚类分析结果作对比,得到两种聚类分析方法的结果大体一致,即以雅布赖山北东—南西走向断裂带为界,湖泊呈较明显的二聚类分布,断裂带北部的湖泊聚集一类,接近断裂带以及断裂带南部的湖泊聚为一类,这与实地考察结果相互印证。对聚类结果进行判别后发现,SOFM网络的聚类结果更为准确可靠,其在识别地理现象微小差异方面更具优势。而根据断裂带两侧不同类型湖泊的分布,可以推断巴丹吉林沙漠南部湖泊群地下水源补给空间上的非同源性,以及地下岩层组分和结构上的空间差异性。 相似文献
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Based on Total Suspended Particulates （TSP） observations of Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng in 2009, combined wa- ter-soluble inorganic ion analyses, this paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of TSP in the Tarim Basin and analyzed concentration characteristics. The results are as follows： （1） monthly average TSP concentrations shows a similar trend in Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng with peak values in April-May and low values in November-December. As for the quarter average mass concentration trends, spring has the highest value, followed by summer and autumn, and winter is the lowest; （2） total annual concentration trend of water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP is as follows： Tazhong 〉 Tikanli 〉 Minfeng 〉 Kashi. SO4^2- concentra- tions are 58%, 50%, 54% and 51% of total ion concentration; Ca^2＋ concentrations are 13%, 16%, 16% and 11%; Na^＋ concentra- tions are 12%, 13%, 10% and 12% and Cl^- concentrations are 12%, 16%, 11% and 22%, respectively. Therefore, sulfate, calcium, sodium and chloride ions are the main inorganic components of TSP in the Tarim Basin; （3） the correlation coefficients of anions and cations in Tikanli, Minfeng, Kashi and Tazhong are 0.99, 0.99, 0.25 and 0.91, respectively; the average anion concentrations are 2.57, 2.12, 2.15 and 3.02 times the average cation concentrations, indicating that ions were unbalanced; （4） SO4^2-/NO3^- ratio is much larger than the ratio of coal-fired emissions SO4^2-/NO3^-, thus the impact of fixed emission sources in the four regions on the atmosphere is far greater than that of mobile emission sources. 相似文献
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研究了兰州市永登县秦王川灌区中型狼尾草（Pennisetum longissimum var. intermedium）、新疆大叶苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和皮燕麦（Avena sativa）对盐渍土的适应特点及其改盐效应。通过对3种植物不同生育期（播后90 d、120 d、150 d）根际土壤pH值、导电率（EC）、盐分离子及有机质含量的测定,探讨盐渍化土壤影响下耐盐植物根际微环境的变化。结果显示：在盐渍化逆境下,3种植物对于根际土壤微环境均有一定调节作用,生育期内土壤pH值、EC值、Na+、SO42-、Cl-和Ca2+含量逐渐降低,土壤有机质含量逐渐增加。新疆大叶苜蓿根际土壤pH值变化较为突出,其次是中型狼尾草和皮燕麦,播后150 d较播前降幅分别为2.18%、2.06%、1.21%;中型狼尾草根际土壤EC值降幅最大,其次为新疆大叶苜蓿和皮燕麦,播后150 d较播前降幅分别为42.69%、33.29%、28.33%;在3个取样期,中型狼尾草根际土壤Na+、SO42-、Cl-含量变化幅度最大,新疆大叶苜蓿对Ca2+的吸收能力强于中型狼尾草和皮燕麦;中型狼尾草在生长期内根际土壤有机质含量持续增加,新疆大叶苜蓿在生长前期有机质增量较显著,生长中后期增量减缓,根际微环境变化趋于稳定。综合而言,中型狼尾草对盐渍土的适应及改良效应较突出,其次是新疆大叶苜蓿,再次是皮燕麦。 相似文献
19.
Chemical composition of saline and subsaline lakes of the northern Great Plains,western Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
William M. Last 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1992,1(2):47-76
The northern Great Plains of Canada stretch from the Precambrian Shield near Winnipeg, Manitoba, westward for ∼1,700 km to
the Rocky Mountains foothills. This vast region of flat to gently rolling terrain contains a very large number of salt lakes.
Major ion chemical data on ∼500 of them are available. Although the average brine (salinity, 37 ppt) is a Na+−SO4
2− type of water, the lakes exhibit a wide range of salinities and ionic compositions. This diversity is confirmed by Q-mode
cluster analysis; it identified thirteen major water chemistry types. Most ions display distinct trends, both spatially and
with increasing salinity. All dissolved components increase with increasing salinity, but at different rates. The relative
proportions of Ca2+ and HCO3
−+CO3
2− ions show a strong decrease with increasing brine salinity, whereas SO4
2− ions increase with increasing salinity. The ionic proportions of Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Cl− exhibit no significant relationship with salinity. R-mode factor analysis of the lake water chemistry, combined with selected
environmental parameters, identifies groundwater composition, climate, and the elevation of the lake within the drainage system
as most important in controlling brine chemistry and salinity on a regional basis. Variability in source of ions, reaction
processes and products are undoubtedly key factors in helping to explain brine chemistry of an individual basin or variation
from a local perspective, but these factors are generally poorly understood and not quantified on a regional basis.
Palliser Triangle Global Change Project Contribution Number 3. 相似文献
20.
中国典型季风海洋性冰川区雪坑中主要阴、阳离子的来源研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Snowpacks samples were colleted from two glaciers： Baishui No.1 glacier and Hailuogou No.1 glacier in June, 2006. The method of sea-salt ions tracer, correlation analysis and trend analysis were used in this research in order to confirm the source of main ions, it is indicated that Na^＋ is mainly from marine moisture and other ions mainly originate from land dust. The non-marine source percent of Cl^-, NO3^- , SO4^2-, K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ is 52%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99.9% and 83%, respectively, in Hailuogou No.1 glacier, while the corresponding value in Baishui No.1 glacier is 68%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99% and 59%. The non-marine source of ions is from dust of Central Asia arid regions carried by westerly circulation and the plateau borne-areas with Qinghai-Tibet Plateau winter monsoon in two glacial areas. However, the import of local dust in glacial area has made a great contribution to ions concentration in Baishui No.1 glacier, which accounts for the reason why the ions concentration in Baishui No.1 glacier is much higher than that of Hailuogou No.1 glacier. It is obvious that the source of each ion is different between Hailuogou No.1 glacier and Baishui No.1 glacier. There are three reasons which can explain it： firstly, the difference in the internal environment of glacial area, such as lithology, mountain-valley wind system, topographical relief and so on; secondly, the influence exerted by ions elution in snowpacks section, and ions elution in Hailuogou No.1 glacier is very strong; and thirdly, the difference caused due to varying ions transporting styles, deposition modes, chemical characteristics and post-ions-deposition process. 相似文献