Tectonic geomorphology of the Mississippi Valley between Osceola, Arkansas and Friars Point, Mississippi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W.J. Spitz  S.A. Schumm 《Engineering Geology》1997,46(3-4):259-280

A geomorphic study of the Mississippi River and its alluvial valley between Osceola, Arkansas and Friars Point, Mississippi has identified anomalous surface features that can be linked to known geological structures. For example, relatively recent deformation along Big Creek fault zone, White River fault zone, Bolivar-Mansfield tectonic zone, Blytheville Arch, Crittenden County fault zone, and Reelfoot Rift margins is suggested by river and topographic anomalies. Faults and plutons appear to affect drainage networks, and the morphology of Crowleys Ridge suggests significant fault control. The many anomalies probably reflect a fractured suballuvial surface. Although movement along these fractures will most likely occur in seismically active areas, the probability of movement elsewhere  相似文献   

Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers: Implications for partitioning tectonic terranes and crust weathering of the Central and Southeast China     

Xianwei MENG  Yanguang LIU  Xuefa SHI  Dewen DU 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(4):418-426

New Nd and Sr isotope data are presented in this paper for sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze River drainage basins. The average ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope compositions of fine-grained sediments from two drainage basins seem similar. The T _DM^Nd ages of sediments from the two drainage basins are relatively uniform but exhibit subtle differences. This reflects the different underlying bedrocks, in association with the unique tectonic terranes that comprise central and southeastern China, including the North China Block, the Yangtze Block, the South China Block, the Tibet Plateau and the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. In contrast, there is an obvious difference in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios between fine-grained sediments of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, which actually reflects an increase in chemical weathering intensity from northwestern to southeastern China.  相似文献   

热隆碲(金)矿点的发现及其找矿意义     

许远平  李静  张磊  李金忠  赵明亮 《四川地质学报》1998,(3)

在西南三江成矿带的义敦岛弧带,首次发现辉碲铋矿的找矿线索。Ｔｅ品位比目前利用回收的矿床高１～３个数量级,可作为独立碲矿床评价。  相似文献   

长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物及地化成分的组成   总被引：32，自引：6，他引：32  

范德江  杨作升  毛登  郭志刚 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(4):7-12

采用X射线衍射物相分析、ICP－AES成分分析等方法对长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物、地化成分组成进行了研究，结果表明：在粘土矿物组成上，长江、黄河沉积物都为伊利石＋绿泥石＋高岭石＋蒙皂石组合，但长江沉积物以伊利石含量高（约70％）、蒙皂石含量低（约5％－7％）、伊利石／蒙皂石比值大于8为特征；黄河型沉积物则以伊利石含量低（约60％）、蒙皂石含量高（约15％）、伊利石／蒙皂石比值小于6为特征。在小于0.016mm粒级内残渣态地化成分组成上，TiO2、CaO、Na2O、MgO、Fe2O3、Sr、Ba、Li、Co和V在长江、黄河两类沉积物中差别明显。黄河沉积物中碳酸盐的含量通常都为长江的2倍以上，而在小于0.005mm（7.5φ）粒级中黄河沉积物碳酸盐的含量约为长江的9倍。  相似文献   

Sediment-related river maintenance: The role of fluvial geomorphology     

D. A. Sear  M. D. Newson  A. Brookes 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(7):629-647

This paper addresses the role that fluvial geomorphology might play in the management of sediment-related river maintenance in the U.K. Sediment-related river maintenance refers to the operational requirement of river management authorities to remove deposits of sediment or protect river boundaries from erosion, where these compromise the flood defence levels of service. Using data collected as part of a National Rivers Authority (NRA) Research and Development Project it is possible to identify the geomorphic causes of problems, and engineering responses to sediment-related river maintenance (SRRM) in England and Wales. The Project identified the management problem as widespread and often treated in isolation from the causative processes. Geomorphological guidance is shown to be both relevant and complementary to conventional engineering practice through its ability to identify the cause of a SRRM problem. A methodology for conducting a geomorphological survey, or ‘fluvial audit’, is presented, which synthesizes historical data on the catchment land-use and channel network, with contemporary morphological maps to present a statement of the location and type of sediment supply, transport and storage within the river basin under scrutiny. The application of geomorphology to two contrasting SRRM problems is explored using case studies from two catchments: the River Sence, a fine sediment system, and the Shelf Brook, a coarse sediment system.  相似文献   

Hydraulic geometry and changes in flow velocity at a river confluence with coarse bed material     

Andr G. Roy  Ren Roy  Normand Bergeron 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(7):583-598

A survey of flows was conducted at a river confluence with coarse bed material. Bridges were installed on both tributaries, at the confluence and farther downstream on the receiving stream. At these stations, flow velocities were measured over a dense grid for seven conditions ranging from very low flows to the bankfull stage. Hydraulic geometry relationships established at all four stations revealed that flow is accelerated through the confluence as stage rises. At bankfull discharge, average velocity is 1.6 times higher at the confluence than on either tributary. Flow acceleration occurs at and above intermediate flow stages and is concentrated at the centre of a linear pool located at the confluence. The development of a zone of high shear stress is also associated with the cell of high flow velocity. Flow acceleration is dissipated at the exit of the pool where water surges over boulder ribs. The acceleration is not related to the development of flow separation zones as observed by Best and Reid (1984) for wide junction angles, nor is it explained by the reduction of the friction exerted by the banks. Acceleration is associated with the plan geometry of the confluence, with the lateral slopes which permit water to converge, and with a reduction in grain roughness at the confluence. Owing to the curvature of the tributary and to the acute angle of entry, relative power losses through the confluence decrease with increasing stages.  相似文献   

The human role in changing fluvial systems: Retrospect, inventory and prospect   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

L. Allan James  W. Andrew Marcus   《Geomorphology》2006,79(3-4):152

Historical and modern scientific contexts are provided for the 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on the Human Role in Changing Fluvial Systems. The 2006 symposium provides a synthesis of research concerned with human impacts on fluvial systems — including hydrologic and geomorphic changes to watersheds — while also commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1955 Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Symposium [Thomas, Jr., W. L. (Ed.), 1956a. Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 1193 pp]. This paper examines the 1955 symposium from the perspective of human impacts on rivers, reviews current inquiry on anthropogenic interactions in fluvial systems, and anticipates future directions in this field.Although the 1955 symposium did not have an explicit geomorphic focus, it set the stage for many subsequent anthropogeomorphic studies. The 1955 conference provided guidance to geomorphologists by recommending and practicing interdisciplinary scholarship, through the use of diverse methodologies applied at extensive temporal and geographical scales, and through its insistence on an integrated understanding of human interactions with nature. Since 1956, research on human impacts to fluvial systems has been influenced by fundamental changes in why the research is done, what is studied, how river studies are conducted, and who does the research. Rationales for river research are now driven to a greater degree by institutional needs, environmental regulations, and aquatic restoration. New techniques include a host of dating, spatial imaging, and ground measurement methods that can be coupled with analytical functions and digital models. These new methods have led to a greater understanding of channel change, variations across multiple temporal and spatial scales, and integrated watershed perspectives; all changes that are reflected by the papers in this volume. These new methods also bring a set of technical demands for the training of geomorphologists. The 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium complements the 1956 symposium by providing a more specific and updated view of river systems coupled with human interactions. The symposium focuses on linkages between human land use, structures, and channel modification with geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. The emergence of sustainability as a central policy guideline in environmental management should generate greater interest in geomorphic perspectives, especially as they pertain to human activities. The lack of theories of anthropogeomorphic change, however, presents a challenge for the next generation of geomorphologists in this rapidly growing subfield.  相似文献   

长江——黄河上游源区沼泽湿地遥感动态特征及其成因分析     

沈松平  王军  游丽君  宋云 《四川地质学报》2007,27(2):142-145

通过两个时像的对比解译、调查验证和研究,表明长江-黄河上游源区20世纪90年代初至21世纪初的10年中,沼泽湿地总体呈减少趋势.由于自然和人为综合因素的长期作用,使本区沼泽湿地处于萎缩状态.  相似文献   

2003年天气气候异常灾害机理的定量分析Ⅱ——黄淮秋汛     

陈桂兴  冯业荣  袁卓建  魏清 《热带气象学报》2007,23(4):355-364

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和局地经向环流线性诊断模式,定量分析导致2003年黄淮秋汛的主要物理过程,并结合天气形势来确立（1～3天）短期预报的着眼点。数值诊断结果表明：（1）预报降水的开始和发展趋势可参考贝加尔湖-新疆低槽及其分裂西风小槽的槽前暖平流与长江流域副热带高压脊西北侧的西南风暖平流的叠加过程。这两股暖平流在黄淮流域所驱动的经向环流上升支占总体上升运动的23.1%,且主要出现在强降水前3天内,强度达到-0.015 Pa/s。（2）预报降水的强度和持续时间可参考高空西风急流在黄河流域北侧的建立和维持。与该急流有关的平均西风动量平流在黄淮流域所驱动的上升支占总体上升运动的28.8%,且主要出现在强降水后4天内,强度达到-0.02 Pa/s。此外,与强降水同步发生且起正反馈作用的潜热加热所驱动的上升支占总体上升运动的44.2%,在强降水期间达到-0.03 Pa/s。（3）预报秋汛结束可参考对流层中上层冷平流侵入黄淮流域以及高空西风急流南压到长江流域北侧,迫使南亚高压脊和副热带高压脊撤出长江流域的一系列过程。与该过程有关的平均温度平流、平均西风动量平流及平均热量垂直输送所驱动的下沉支控制黄淮流域,会导致黄淮秋汛结束。  相似文献   

中德合作三江源区和甜水海地区多年冻土退化过程科学考察和研究进展   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

俞祁浩  Kurt Roth  金会军  潘喜才  盛煜  魏智  吴吉春 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):844-849

为准确了解青藏高原多年冻土退化过程及其环境效应,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所和德国海德堡大学环境物理研究所共同组成科研小组,先后对我国三江源区、西昆仑甜水海地区进行了多年冻土退化过程的前期勘察研究工作.首次在人烟稀少的玉树-不冻泉沿线等地建立了3个长期综合观测研究站.在技术手段上,除应用常规的坑探、水土取样、水分现场观测、地面调查外,主要应用了最新的双天线、多回路探地雷达勘测技术,对不同地貌条件下的活动层结构特征、上限附近冻土结构、冷生组构等诸多方面进行了快速勘察,同时还进行了水分场分布规律、盐份迁移过程的初步研究.研究结果表明:地表景观特征对热质迁移规律、地温场具有重要影响;青藏高原新疆甜水海地区的低温(<-4℃)冻土与高原东部和腹地的高温(>-1℃)冻土在地质背景和地下冰发育情况等方面有所区别;甜水海地区生态环境在过去30多年的时间里已发生重大改变:地表植被发生大面积退化,地表普遍发生不同程度盐渍化;在该地区发现大量小型冻胀丘、石环等冰缘现象的存在.探地雷达勘察结果显示,地表地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化均对多年冻土上限变化和地下冰的赋存产生重要影响.  相似文献