Building Displacement Based on the Topological Structure     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):230-241

Map data at smaller scales than their source can result in spatial conflict, whereby map symbols become too close, or overlaid. Server map generalisation operators may be applied to solve this problem, including displacement. In this paper, we show how an optimisation algorithm, the snake algorithm, was used to displace multiple objects in order to resolve spatial conflicts and maintain important spatial relationships between objects during displacement. Two principles based on the snake algorithm are proposed in this paper. First, the truss structure mirroring spatial proximity relationships between buildings and between building and road is formed based on the weighted proximity graph derived from constrained Delaunay triangulations (CDT) in each map partition. In the weighted proximity graph, each connecting line is determined as a snake and as an element unit to assemble the global stiffness matrix in snake algorithm. Second, a buffer method that calculates force between a building and a road (or other linear features) or between pair of buildings is adopted in the snake algorithm. This avoids the imbalance phenomenon caused by different force calculation methods during the displacement. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in obtaining real geographic data. Finally, the results are cartographically usable and in particular, the spatial relationships between objects are preserved.  相似文献   

Beyond technical details: The stalled Kwabenya Engineered Sanitary Landfill Project in Accra,Ghana     

Martin Oteng-Ababio 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):169-179

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 111(2):169–179, 2011

The development of a modern, sustainable system of waste management in developing countries is frequently delayed (and in some cases stalled) by causes that cannot be directly attributed to technical or economic reasons. One such project is the Kwabenya Engineered Sanitary Landfill Project which was conceived in 1991. This paper examines why the project was not actualized though the technical details and financial component were duly secured. Using mainly a qualitative research method, the study revealed that the authority's poor governance practices spelt the doom of the project. Neither were the direct occupants of the land consulted during the project formulation stage nor were the host community's fear of environmental reprisals addressed. This paper maintains that successful implementation of projects like a landfill demands the collective participation and acceptability of all stakeholders.  相似文献   

Island Exceptionalism and International Maritime Conflicts     

Elizabeth Nyman 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):221-229

Scholars have argued that due to their special geographical circumstances, island states develop a different relationship with maritime space than their continental counterparts. This is generally attributed both to island residents’ greater access to and benefit from oceanic resources and also to the metaphysical qualities of life that uniquely develop on islands. This article investigates deeper into the phenomenon of geographically determined island exceptionality by considering whether island states and mainland states truly behave differently when it comes to their treatment of and behavior in maritime spaces. Through an analysis of disputed areas in the International Correlates of War maritime data, I consider whether island states are more likely to try and confirm sovereignty over disputed maritime waters than mainland states. My examination of disputed maritime areas in the Western Hemisphere and Europe from 1900 to 2001 shows that indeed island states are both more likely to try and settle a disputed maritime area, whether by force or by negotiated resolution. This finding is then used to raise new questions about the geographic differences that characterize island states in the world political system.  相似文献   

Emerging Memorial Landscapes of Labor Conflict in the Cotton Textile South     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):684-696

While research into the formation of memorial landscapes in the American South has focused on those resulting from racial conflicts, a new landscape memorializing labor conflict and class consciousness is also emerging in the region's textile-producing Piedmont. This memorialization poses significant challenges to dominant regional discourses of economic development and class mutuality in a region in which labor organizing and radical politics remain anathema. This paper examines this emerging landscape for what it can tell us about class relations in the region and the process by which memorial landscapes are formed.  相似文献   

Activities of American Geographers     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):30-32

Cognitive distance is analyzed in relation to various elements of the built environment. The basis for accepting a power function as the underlying functional relationship between cognitive distance and its objective counterpart is discussed. This counterpart has been assumed to be objective distance. Evidence is presented to indicate that cognition of distance is based upon travel time rather than upon objective distance or upon objective distance modified by other elements of the built environment.  相似文献   

Detection of spatial conflicts between rivers and contours in digital map updating     

J. Chen  W. Liu  Z. Li  R. Zhao  T. Cheng 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1093-1114

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Cattle-based livelihoods,changes in the taskscape,and human–bear conflict in the Ecuadorian Andes     

《Geoforum》2016

Cattle-raising, especially for dairy, has expanded in the Ecuadorian Andes since the late 1990s as smallholding farmers have shifted their livelihood activities away from crop-based agriculture due to changes in climate, market conditions, and rural out-migration. Non-migrants constructing cattle-based livelihoods are turning to cattle as the basis for “viable” livelihoods in order to remain in depopulating rural parishes. Non-migrant farmers express ideals such as autonomy and tranquility as reasons for their attachment to rural places. In turn, their livelihood activities remake these places materially. Drawing on Tim Ingold’s conceptualization of taskscape and landscape, I argue that cattle-based livelihoods create a taskscape prone to human–wildlife conflict. Since 2009, residents have reported dozens of Andean bear attacks on cattle. Cattle are vulnerable capital assets. They represent both an investment with daily and weekly dividends over many years, in the form of milk, and a long-term form of wealth storage. The turn to cattle-based livelihoods in this region has thus heightened human–bear conflict. The phenomenon of the human–bear conflict is therefore a product of shifting livelihoods and accompanying changes in the taskscape. This analysis demonstrates the importance of listening to narratives of place attachment and accounting for the cultural logics of livelihood choices when considering interventions to address human–wildlife conflict.  相似文献   

制图知识库驱动的数据库自动制图方法     

曹健  蔡忠亮  李达 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(2):88-92

随着测绘地理信息技术的快速发展,地图制图工艺发生了重大变化,基于地理空间数据库的自动化制图成为主流。尽管基于GIS(geographic information system)软件配图方式的自动制图技术逐渐成熟,并且在一定程度上满足了电子地图快速发布的需求,但地图制图领域中的高质量地图制图工艺和技术方法的改进仍然进展缓慢,人工依然承担大量重复的低效率的制图工作。本方法以制图知识库为驱动、基于制图软件平台开发自动制图系统,在保持软件原有制图工艺特点和功能不被改变的前提下,对专业制图软件的制图功能进行扩展,实现了制图软件中GIS数据库的全要素的自动化制图,减少地图制图工作量,实现高质量地图制图的自动化,极大提高制图效率。  相似文献   

跨界民族文化景区核心利益相关者的共生整合机制——以泸沽湖景区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王维艳  林锦屏  沈琼 《地理研究》2007,26(4):673-684

文章运用利益相关者(stakeholder)理论并协同共生(symbiosis)理论的分析方法,对跨界民族文化景区的核心利益相关者作了界定,并就其共生关系、共生模式进行了模型建构;结合泸沽湖景区典型案例,构建了该类景区核心利益相关者共生博弈框架。研究表明:"S-S"理论的协同应用,对于跨界民族文化景区业已显现的核心利益相关者关系问题的剖析与诊断具有较强的分析力和解释力,可为整合冲突与建立协作机制提供理论依据;对滇、川两省告别"一湖两治",共同申报泸沽湖世界自然与文化双重遗产具有现实意义。  相似文献   

分布依存规则指导的空间数据冲突探测与一致性改正     

杨敏  蒋琛俊  李莹  陈欢 《测绘通报》2020,(12):50

作为空间数据质量的重要方面,一致性关系维护在多源数据集成建库与一致性更新中扮演重要角色。相较于同一要素类目标间发生的拓扑不一致,不同要素类目标间的不一致问题通常表现为深层次的分布模式不匹配,语义关系逻辑矛盾等,实施一致性维护困难得多。本研究从地理学第一定律出发,将不同性质地理实体空间分布上形成的依存关系作为一致性评价的依据。首先,总结归纳了位置共享、结构关联、区域包含3种不同类型的分布依存关系,并形式化表达为一致性约束规则;然后,探讨了违背不同类型约束规则的冲突现象探测与一致性改正方法。本研究从地理学角度认知空间数据质量问题,通过知识工程手段,引入分布依存知识作为一致性处理的依据,对扩宽空间数据质量的研究思路具有意义。  相似文献