Perspectives on Quaternary outreach and aspirations for the future     

David E. Anderson  Eleanor J. Brown 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(4):455-467

Outreach arising from the study of the British Quaternary offers many benefits for society, especially because of its relevance for understanding contemporary environmental issues and environmental change. Outreach is also important for the long-term health of the academic discipline and research agenda. Through engaging with the formal education system, institutions, policy makers, planners and with the public at large, Quaternary specialists can do much to advance interest in and appreciation of the British landscape and its Quaternary record. This opinion and review article considers the importance and benefits of outreach in its many forms, makes the case for practitioners to continue and increase their involvement, offers examples of good practice, and sets out aspirations for the future.  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯带中西部措麦地区林子宗火山岩地球化学特征及意义   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

于枫  李志国  赵志丹  谢国刚  董国臣  周肃  朱弟成  莫宣学 《岩石学报》2010,26(7):2217-2225

广泛发育在西藏冈底斯带南部的林子宗火山岩被认为是印度与亚洲大陆碰撞的火山作用响应,对于揭示大陆碰撞的时限和过程具有重要的意义。但迄今对林子宗火山岩的系统研究主要局限于拉萨东北部的林周盆地林子宗火山岩的典型剖面,缺乏对冈底斯带中西部地区林子宗火山岩的系统研究。本文在已有区域地质填图研究的基础上,对冈底斯带中西部的措麦地区林子宗年波组火山岩(65～70Ma)进行了岩石学、元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究。措麦年波组主要为酸性火山岩、钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列岩石,比林周盆地年波组更偏酸性,更富碱,显示出更明显的碰撞后加厚背景的火山岩特征。岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U,富集Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P,与林周盆地年波组相似,都具有典型的岛弧火山岩特征。措麦年波组火山岩具有更为富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征(87Sr/86Sr为0.709～0.727;εNd(0)为-9.7～-6.9),相对于东部林子宗火山岩,措麦的岩浆源区中更加富集地壳基底组分,表明冈底斯带南部地壳基底组成的不均一性。若冈底斯带南部的林子宗火山岩底部年龄可以代表印度与亚洲的碰撞起始时间,则措麦地区发生更早,可能预示着印度与亚洲大陆沿着雅鲁藏布缝合带发生的碰撞具有穿时性,中西部地区碰撞时间略早于东部。  相似文献   

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世沉积与层序地层特征     

白平  肖加飞  何熙琦  石磊  王安华  付绍洪 《贵州地质》2010,27(4):245-250

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世,为印支运动导致的海相沉积历史结束后开始的一段陆相沉积时期。其沉积特点是湖泊沉积占主导,河流沉积次之。在纵向上表现为河流沉积出现在该时期地层序列的下部二桥组和上部下沙溪庙组和上沙溪庙组中;湖泊沉积则贯穿整个研究时期的地层中,特别是地层序列中部自流井组中发育良好。河流沉积具二元结构,下部为边滩沉积,上部为堤岸沉积。湖泊沉积分为滨湖、浅湖和深湖三个亚相沉积,在地层序列上显示出两个由浅至深的旋回变化特点。研究时期的地层具有旋回性特点,以不整合面及相应的整合面作为层序界面,可分为5个沉积层序,每个层序由水进体系域和水退体系域组成,粗略地反映了湖平面的5次进退变化。  相似文献   

Soil Erosion and Vegetation Succession in Alpine Kobresia Steppe Meadow Caused by Plateau Pika A Case Study of Nagqu County, Tibet     

WEI Xinghu LI Sen Yang Ping Cheng Huaishun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):75-81

This paper evaluated the impacts of mounds created by the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the vege- tation composition, structure, and species diversity of an alpine Kobresia steppe meadow in Nagqu County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Based on mound height or the depth of erosion pit, we defined five stages of erosion and compared the floristic features of communities at these stages with those in undisturbed sites. In the study area, the mounds and pits covered up to 7% of the total area. Lancea tibetica, Lamiophlomis rotata, and Potentilla bifurca were the dominant species in erosion pits, and Kobresia pygmaea, the dominant species in undisturbed sites, became a com- panion species in eroded areas. In the process of erosion, the original vegetation was covered by soil ejected by the pika, then the mounds were gradually eroded by wind and rain, and finally erosion pits formed. The vegetation coverage in- creased with increasing erosion stages but remained significantly lower than that in undisturbed sites. Improved coverage eventually reduced soil erosion, and pit depth eventually stabilized at around 20cm. Aboveground biomass increased with increasing erosion stage, but the proportion of low-quality forage reached more than 94%. The richness index and Shannon-Wiener index increased significantly with increasing erosion stage, but the richness index in mound and pit areas was significantly lower than that in undisturbed sites.  相似文献   

Long-term behaviour and mineralogical reactions in hazardous waste landfills: a comparison of observation and geochemical modelling     

B. Gade  H. Pöllmann  A. Heindl  H. Westermann 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(3):248-256

 Drill cores from a Bavarian hazardous waste landfill were investigated for their mineralogical composition. Because of the formation of many new minerals, geochemical equilibrium calculations were performed to find the most stable state of the waste body. A comparison of mineralogical observations and geochemical modelling was undertaken. The remaining solubilities of the newly formed secondary mineral assemblages were calculated. Newly formed minerals were shown using electron microscopy. Received: 26 November 1999 · Accepted: 15 May 2000  相似文献   

金矿物的性状及其次生作用与地质找矿意义     

魏绍六 《湖南地质》2001,20(3):177-178,210

原生矿床中金的主要性状有自然金与金的碲化物，自然金可分为“明金”和“微细粒金”，“明金”的次生作用，使金的成色得到提高，粒度更大，往往有利于残坡积型砂金矿床的形成，“微细粒金”的次生作用，常形成卡林型氧化金矿或红土型金矿和铁帽型金矿，显然，以“明金”为主的矿床及金的重砂异常区，不存在找红土型金矿的可能，应寻找脉金矿床，而在有低值金的重砂异常叠加的化探Au异常区，有望找到中小型红土型金矿床。  相似文献   

The Sarikavak Tephra, Galatea, north central Turkey: a case study of a Miocene complex plinian eruption deposit     

Rolf Schumacher  Ulrike Mues-Schumacher  Vedat Toprak 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2001,112(1-4)

The Sarikavak Tephra from the central Galatean Volcanic Province (Turkey) represents the deposit of a complex multiple phase plinian eruption of Miocene age. The eruptive sequence is subdivided into the Lower-, Middle-, and Upper Sarikavak Tephra (LSKT, MSKT, USKT) which differ in type of deposits, lithology and eruptive mechanisms.The Lower Sarikavak Tephra is characterised by pumice fall deposits with minor interbedded fine-grained ash beds in the lower LSKT-A. Deposits are well stratified and enriched in lithic fragments up to >50 wt% in some layers. The upper LSKT-B is mainly reversely graded pumice fall with minor amounts of lithics. It represents the main plinian phase of the eruption. The LSKT-A and B units are separated from each other by a fine-grained ash fall deposit. The Middle Sarikavak Tephra is predominantly composed of cross-bedded ash-and-pumice surge deposits with minor pumice fall deposits in the lower MSKT-A and major pyroclastic flow deposits in the upper MSKT-B unit. The Upper Sarikavak Tephra shows subaerial laminated surge deposits in USKT-A and subaqueous tephra beds in USKT-B.Isopach maps of the LSKT pumice fall deposits as well as the fine ash at the LSKT-A/B boundary indicate NNE–SSW extending depositional fans with the source area in the western part of the Ovaçik caldera. The MSKT pyroclastic flow and surge deposits form a SW-extending main lobe related to paleotopography where the deposits are thickest.Internal bedding and lithic distribution of the LSKT-A result from intermittent activity due to significant vent wall instabilities. Reductions in eruption power from (partial) plugging of the vent produced fine ash deposits in near-vent locations and subsequent explosive expulsion of wall rock debris was responsible for the high lithic contents of the lapilli fall deposits. A period of vent closure promoted fine ash fall deposition at the end of LSKT-A. The subsequent main plinian phase of the LSKT-B evolved from stable vent conditions after some initial gravitational column collapses during the early ascent of the re-established eruption plume. The ash-and-pumice surges of the MSKT-A are interpreted as deposits from phreatomagmatic activity prior to the main pyroclastic flow formation of the MSKT-B.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲地震次生灾害初步研究     

邹从学 《华南地震》1995,15(3):95-99

介绍了地震后可能引发的地震火灾、爆炸等次生灾害；讨论了地震火灾及损失的影响因素；根据次生灾害源的分布，初步定性预测它们可能带来的损失及影响。  相似文献   

Sedimentation patterns of diatoms in Lake Holzmaar, Germany - (on the transfer of climate signals to biogenic silica oxygen isotope proxies)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Susanne Raubitschek  Andreas Lücke  Gerhard H. Schleser 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(4):437-448

The seasonal sedimentation pattern of diatom valves in Lake Holzmaar was investigated during 1995 by deploying sediment traps at three different lake depths. According to the sedimentation pattern, the major reproduction zone of diatoms was restricted to the upper 6 m of the water body. The population growth started late in April and blooms of Cyclotella cf. comensis Grun., which dominates the plankton diatoms, and Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton were collected in traps during June and September, and July, respectively. During summer, the seasonal sedimentation pattern of each taxon, as collected in the upper traps, was reflected in the concentrations in the lowest trap. However, in May and from September onwards, the community composition in the lowest trap and augmented trapping rates suggest both sediment focusing and resuspension of bottom sediments.The temperature signals as recorded by 18O values of diatom valves should, therefore, reflect integrated temperatures between 0 and 6 m depth. However, temperatures during summer and autumn are expected to be accentuated in the sedimentary record since the isotopic signal is weighted by both the number and the weight-mass of the valves. During summer, the transfer of these signals by the sedimenting diatoms retains the information pattern recorded, while in spring and autumn/winter additional influxes caused by resuspension may somewhat alter those temperature informations. The proxy signals finally stored in the sediments, may, therefore, not precisely represent the successive temperatures currently recorded during 1995 within mid-lake.  相似文献   

石油和天然气运移、聚集的特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李明诚 《地球物理学进展》1994,9(1):120-124

虽然石油和天然气都是流体矿产，但它们的物理性质有很大不同，诸如：密度、粒度、溶解度、表面张力、扩散性等等，从而引起它们在运移和聚集特征上也有很大不同，这些不同的特征决定了天然气勘探的时空领域比石油更广阔，然而却比石油更难于保存下来。  相似文献