自由网平差方法及统计特性新探     

王仲锋 《测绘与空间地理信息》1998,(2)

本文结合参数平差和主成分估计理论,导出了误差方程中含多重共线性时未知参数的求解公式,并以定理的形式,证明了主成分估计的解是极小范数解。由此,将主成分估计推广到秩亏网平差中,同时导出了未知参数估值之协因数阵的计算公式,同时,证明了自由网平差的传统特性。  相似文献   

江苏-南黄海地区未来地震形势的统计分析     

门可佩  曾卫 《高原地震》1998,(3)

根据１５００年以来的地震资料,应用数理统计、灰色预测、干支６０周期分析等多种方法,对江苏—南黄海地区未来３～５年地震形势进行分析和预测,结果表明：该区目前处于本世纪第２活跃幕中后期,未来几年内依然存在５～６级地震的危险性,至２０００年７月,累积发震概率将达到０．７～０．８,１９９９—２０００年、２００２—２００３年均有可能发生５级以上中强地震。  相似文献   

某些测震学指标与地震相关性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张军  黄显良 《地震》1998,18(2):171-176

通过对１０项测震学指示宾１０ａ的大范围时空扫描得出的有震和无震“预报”进行了与５．０级以上的地震的相关性研究,结果证明这１０项指标当显性水平较低时,均可通过统计检验,表明是有效的提取异常指标。作还依统计检验结果对１０项测震学指标与地震相关性好坏进行了排序,并通过分析得到各指标今后优化方向．  相似文献   

华东地区月平均气温统计降尺度方法比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高红霞  汤剑平 《气象科学》2015,35(6):760-768

用中国地面气象观测站的逐日气温观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分别使用基于多元线性回归(MLR)和3种主成分分析(PCA)的统计降尺度方法,对1959-2008年的华东地区的月平均气温分两个时段进行统计降尺度分析并加以检验,比较了不同降尺度方法的结果。结果表明:对于华东地区气温的统计降尺度预报,基于MLR的统计降尺度方法相对于3种PCA方法而言,对单站年际变化模拟方面有一定优势。PCA方法应用于统计降尺度时,预报因子的区域选择是影响统计降尺度结果的重要因素之一。对于温度进行统计降尺度分析时,预报因子中包含温度因子是非常必要的;所试验的4种降尺度方法,对各站点多年平均情况的模拟要好于对区域平均的年际变化的模拟。  相似文献   

Estimating the significance of a signal in a multi-dimensional search     

Ofer Vitells  Eilam Gross 《Astroparticle Physics》2011,35(5):230-234

In experiments that are aimed at detecting astrophysical sources such as neutrino telescopes, one usually performs a search over a continuous parameter space (e.g. the angular coordinates of the sky, and possibly time), looking for the most significant deviation from the background hypothesis. Such a procedure inherently involves a “look elsewhere effect”, namely, the possibility for a signal-like fluctuation to appear anywhere within the search range. Correctly estimating the p-value of a given observation thus requires repeated simulations of the entire search, a procedure that may be prohibitively expansive in terms of CPU resources. Recent results from the theory of random fields provide powerful tools which may be used to alleviate this difficulty, in a wide range of applications. We review those results and discuss their implementation, with a detailed example applied for neutrino point source analysis in the IceCube experiment.  相似文献   

Selenium and other trace element in phosphorites: A comparison between those of the Bayovar-Sechura and other provenances     

J. Bech  M. Suarez  F. Reverter  P. Tume  P. Sánchez  N. Roca  A. Lansac 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010

Data of trace element composition of phosphorites are scarce and incomplete. Phosphorites of different origins can vary substantially in trace element contents. In this paper 20 trace element concentrations of 35 sample phosphorites are reported. The geographical provenance is: Bayovar-Sechura (Peru), Khouribga, Youssoufia and Boucraa (Morocco), Gafsa (Tunisia), Florida (USA), Idaho and Phosphoria Formation (USA), North Carolina (USA), Algeria, Israel, Senegal, Syria and Togo. Aqua regia extracts were used to estimate the “pseudototal” values, following standard procedures (ISO 11466, 2002) and measured by ICP-AES and ICP-MS.  相似文献   

一种改进的车头SURF特征提取和匹配     

刘丹丹  魏维 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):167-172

通过对加速鲁棒性算法特征关键点提取和匹配的研究,提出一种改进的车头加速鲁棒性特征点提取方法,该方法在车头图像像素梯度变化较大的范围内提取关键点,然后采用最近邻比例算法进行特征点匹配。实验结果表明,提出的改进方法不仅能够筛选出鲁棒性较强的关键点,同时提高了特征的提取速度和匹配效率,在总时间上比尺度不变特征变换算法提高了3~6倍;比加速鲁棒性算法提高了近1/4。  相似文献   

Bayesian area-to-point kriging using expert knowledge as informative priors     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2014

Area-to-point (ATP) kriging is a common geostatistical framework to address the problem of spatial disaggregation or downscaling from block support observations (BSO) to point support (PoS) predictions for continuous variables. This approach requires that the PoS variogram is known. Without PoS observations, the parameters of the PoS variogram cannot be deterministically estimated from BSO, and as a result, the PoS variogram parameters are uncertain. In this research, we used Bayesian ATP conditional simulation to estimate the PoS variogram parameters from expert knowledge and BSO, and quantify uncertainty of the PoS variogram parameters and disaggregation outcomes. We first clarified that the nugget parameter of the PoS variogram cannot be estimated from only BSO. Next, we used statistical expert elicitation techniques to elicit the PoS variogram parameters from expert knowledge. These were used as informative priors in a Bayesian inference of the PoS variogram from BSO and implemented using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. ATP conditional simulation was done to obtain stochastic simulations at point support. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) atmospheric temperature profile data were used in an illustrative example. The outcomes from the Bayesian ATP inference for the Matérn variogram model parameters confirmed that the posterior distribution of the nugget parameter was effectively the same as its prior distribution; for the other parameters, the uncertainty was substantially decreased when BSO were introduced to the Bayesian ATP estimator. This confirmed that expert knowledge brought new information to infer the nugget effect at PoS while BSO only brought new information to infer the other parameters. Bayesian ATP conditional simulations provided a satisfactory way to quantify parameters and model uncertainty propagation through spatial disaggregation.  相似文献   

Shape数据模型的研究与实践     

于彩霞  黄文骞  郭立新 《测绘工程》2007,16(2):39-42

对应用较为广泛的Shape数据模型进行分析和研究,并且针对一幅全要素海图由于数据量大的原因导致读取和图形显示速度慢的问题,在实践中采用快速读取内存的方法,实现了数字海图的快速读取及显示,并且同以往循环读取方法进行了比较.  相似文献   

面向GIS专业的计算机图形学课程教学探讨     

应申  翁敏  王明军 《测绘工程》2015,(9):71-73

计算机图形学作为GIS专业基础课之一,对学生专业能力构成起夯实基础和促进应用的作用。文中在分析计算机图形学教学特点的基础上,结合自身实践,探讨基于以内容结合为导向,面向实践的GIS专业计算机图形学教学改革,并在实践中取得较好的教学效果。  相似文献