东海舟山群岛海域表层沉积物运移特性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡日军  吴建政  朱龙海  马芳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(3)

通过潮流和表层沉积物粒度参数等实测资料,对舟山群岛海域表层沉积物的运移趋势、净输运通量以及起动流速进行了初步分析.结果表明,舟山群岛对研究区表层沉积物分布影响明显;舟山群岛海域表层沉积物整体由湾口向外海输运,平均日单宽输沙通量由杭州湾内向外海迅速减小;从杭州湾向外海,泥沙起动越来越难,单纯潮流对表层沉积物再悬浮作用相对较弱.  相似文献   

长山群岛海区春季水温垂直结构分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李庆红  赵宏杰  张磊  蔡佳 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(1):101-105

利用海军大连舰艇学院2006年4月长山群岛海区的CTD调查资料,系统分析了该季节长山群岛海区的温度垂直结构,并探讨了其形成机理。分析指出:4月上、中旬是长山群岛海区季节性温跃层的生成期,群岛东侧和南侧边缘受黄海冷水团形成过程的影响,温跃层的出现概率和跃层强度都远远高于群岛内部;在生成时机上,群岛东侧和南侧边缘海域早于群岛内部水域。中间层和底层海水温度的垂直结构与海流有着很好的相关性,在海洋平流的作用下,海区会产生正跃层、逆跃层、冷中间层、暖中间层等复杂的温度垂直结构。上层海水温度结构主要受海面风场和气温的影响,较强的热辐射和充分的风力搅拌能够加速温跃层的生成。  相似文献   

A model to assess fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island ecosystem: A case study in the southern Miaodao Archipelago of China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SHI Honghu  SHEN Chengcheng  ZHENG Wei  LI Fen  WANG Xiaoli  CHI Yuan  GUO Zhen  QIAO Mingyang  GAO Liyuan  DING Dewen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(2):56-67

Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth's life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island (EBCCI) was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island (FCCI and RCCI) were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago (SMA) located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.  相似文献   

南麂列岛环境质量调查与潮间带生态研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

陈国通  杨晓兰 《海洋学研究》1994,12(2):1-15

１９９２年５月～１９９３年３月对南麂列岛潮间带１７条断面和本岛陆域环境进行了全面的生态调查和环境质量评价。共获大型底栖动物２７８种，大型藻类１２１种，微小型藻类１５５种。研究结果表明，本区种类组成以软体动物最为丰富，生物数量以甲壳动物占绝对优势。区系特点与福建、广东沿岸较为相似。生物量以春季为高，栖息密度在秋季有一明显高峰。生物量的大小顺序为开敞岩礁大于隐蔽岩礁大于巨砾大于泥滩大于沙滩。种类组成、数量分布和群落结构与底质类型、波浪作用关系密切。文中还对生物的地域断裂分布现象作了探讨，对环境质量保护问题提出了建议。  相似文献   

Depth gradients of benthic standing stock and diversity on the continental margin at a high-latitude ice-free site (off Spitsbergen, 79°N)     

Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk  Michael A. Kendall  Jan Marcin Weslawski  Michael Klages  Thomas Soltwedel 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):1903-1914

High-latitude seas are mostly covered by multi-year ice, which impacts processes of primary production and sedimentation of organic matter. Because of the warming effect of West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), the waters off West Spitsbergen have only winter ice cover. That is uncommon for such a high latitude and enables to separate effects of multiyear-ice cover from the latitudinal patterns. Macrofauna was sampled off Kongsfjord (79°N) along the depth gradient from 300 to 3000 m. The density, biomass and diversity at shallow sites situated in a canyon were very variable. Biomass was negatively correlated with depth (R=-0.86, p<0.001), and ranged from 61 g ww m⁻² (212 m) to 1 g ww m⁻² (2025 m). The biomasses were much higher than in the multiyear-ice covered High Arctic at similar depths, while resembling those from temperate and tropical localities. Species richness (expressed by number of species per sample and species–area accumulation curves) decreased with depth. There was no clear depth-related pattern in diversity measures: Hurbert rarefaction, Shannon–Wiener or Pielou. The classic increase of species richness and diversity with depth was not observed. Species richness and diversity of deep-sea macrofauna were much lower in our study than in comparable studies of temperate North Atlantic localities. That is related to geographic isolation of Greenland–Icelandic–Norwegian (GIN) seas from the Atlantic pool of species.  相似文献   

Deglacial land emergence and lateral upper-mantle heterogeneity in the Svalbard Archipelago—II. Extended results for high-resolution load models     

Georg Kaufmann  Detlef Wolf 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(1):125-140

In Paper I (Breuer & Wolf 1995), a preliminary interpretation of the postglacial land emergence observed at a restricted set of six locations in the Svalbard Archipelago was given. The study was based on a simple model of the Barents Sea ice sheet and suggested increases in lithosphere thickness and asthenosphere viscosity with increasing distance from the continental margin.
In the present paper, the newly developed high-resolution load model. BARENTS-2, and land-uplift observations from an extended set of 25 locations are used to study further the possibility of resolving lateral heterogeneity in the upper mantle below the northern Barents Sea. A comparison of the calculated and observed uplift values shows that the lithosphere thickness is not well resolved by the observations, although values above 110 km are most common for this parameter. In contrast to this, there are indications of a lateral variation of asthenosphere viscosity. Whereas values in the range 10¹⁸-10²⁰Pas are inferred for locations close to the continental margin, 10²⁰-10²¹ Pa s are suggested further away from the margin.
A study of the sensitivity of the values found for lithosphere thickness and asthenosphere viscosity to modifications of load model BARENTS-2 shows that such modifications can be largely accommodated by appropriate changes in lithosphere thickness, whereas the suggested lateral variation of asthenosphere viscosity is essentially unaffected. An estimate of the influence of the Fennoscandian. ice sheet leads to the conclusion that its neglect results in an underestimation of the thickness of the Barents Sea ice sheet by about 10 per cent.  相似文献   

Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

N.L. Rose  C.L. Rose  J.F. Boyle  P.G. Appleby 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,31(4):499-513

Twenty-one lakes along the west coast of Svalbard were cored between 28 July and 14 August 1995. Five cores were ²¹⁰Pb dated and analysed for spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), indicators of deposition from fossil-fuel combustion sources, and trace metals. Surface and pre-industrial levels of five cores were analysed for 10 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, whilst all 21 surface sediments were analysed for SCPs. Temporal and spatial trends in the atmospheric deposition of pollutants were identified. Whilst temporal patterns of deposited pollutants may have been truncated due to concentrations falling below the limits of detection, spatial patterns showed elevated levels of SCP, PAH, PCB, and possibly Pb within 60–70 km of Isfjord. Tenndammen (U), the closest site to Longyearbyen, showed the highest levels of contamination for all pollutants. Differences in the deposition patterns of PAH and PCB are thought to be due to local sources of PAH from coal combustion whilst PCB sources are remote. It is concluded that the impact from atmospheric deposition on Svalbard is due to a combination of spatially limited local sources superimposed on a broad-scale, long-range pattern.  相似文献   

A geophysical study of the northern Svalbard continental margin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wolfram H. Geissler  Wilfried Jokat 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(1):50-66

  相似文献   

Caledonide development offshore–onshore Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer, conventional seismic, and potential field data     

Asbjrn Johan Breivik  Rolf Mjelde  Paul Grogan  Hideki Shimamura  Yoshio Murai  Yuichi Nishimura 《Tectonophysics》2005,401(1-2):79-117

The western Barents Sea and the Svalbard archipelago share a common history of Caledonian basement formation and subsequent sedimentary deposition. Rock formations from the period are accessible to field study on Svalbard, but studies of the near offshore areas rely on seismic data and shallowdrilling. Offshore mapping is reliable down to the Permian sequence, but multichannel reflection seismic data do not give a coherent picture of older stratigraphy. A survey of 10 Ocean Bottom Seismometer profiles was collected around Svalbard in 1998. Results show a highly variable thickness of pre-Permian sedimentary strata, and a heterogeneous crystalline crust tied to candidates for continental sutures or major thrust zones. The data shown in this paper establish that the observed gravity in some parts of the platform can be directly related to velocity variations in the crystalline crust, but not necessarily to basement or Moho depth. The results from three new models are incorporated with a previously published profile, to produce depth-to-basement and -Moho maps south of Svalbard. There is a 14 km deep basement located approximately below the gently structured Upper Paleozoic Sørkapp Basin, bordered by a 7 km deep basement high to the west, and 7–9 km depths to the north. Continental Moho-depth range from 28 to 35 km, the thickest crust is found near the island of Hopen, and in a NNW trending narrow crustal root located between 19°E and 20°E, the latter is interpreted as a relic of westward dipping Caledonian continental collision or major thrusting. There is also a basement high on this trend. Across this zone, there is an eastward increase in the V_P, V_P/V_S ratio, and density, indicating a change towards a more mafic average crustal composition. The northward basement/Moho trend projects onto the Billefjorden Fault Zone (BFZ) on Spitsbergen. The eastern side of the BFZ correlates closely with coincident linear positive gravity and magnetic anomalies on western Ny Friesland, apparently originating from an antiform with high-grade metamorphic Caledonian terrane. A double linear magnetic anomaly appears on the BFZ trend south of Spitsbergen, sub-parallel to and located 10–50 km west of the crustal root. Based on this correlation, it is proposed that the suture or major thrust zone seen south of Svalbard correlates to the BFZ. The preservation of the relationship between the crustal suture, the crustal root, and upper mantle reflectivity, challenges the large-offset, post-collision sinistral transcurrent movement on the BFZ and other trends proposed in the literature. In particular, neither the wide-angle seismic data, nor conventional deep seismic reflection data south of Svalbard show clear signs of major lateral offsets, as seen in similar data around the British Isles.  相似文献   

Meteorological inventory of rain-on-snow events in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and satellite detection assessment using passive microwave data     

Caroline Dolant  A. Langlois  L. Brucker  A. Royer  A. Roy  B. Montpetit 《自然地理学》2018,39(5):428-444

The spatial and temporal distributions of rain-on-snow (ROS) events across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) remain poorly understood owing to their sporadic nature in time and space. This situation motivated the development of remote sensing detection algorithms. This paper uses a large meteorological dataset across the CAA to adapt an existing ROS-detection algorithm developed in a previous study by our group. Results highlight the spatial distribution and evolution of ROS occurrences reported since 1985 at 14 weather stations across the CAA. Results show that >600 ROS events were inventoried since 1985, for which >70% were classified as pure rain (liquid form) and 30% as mixed precipitation (solid/liquid). Of the pure rain events, 75% occurred during spring, 14% during fall, 8% during summer and <1% during winter. Such events can have significant impacts on ungulate grazing conditions through the creation of ice layers, causing serious problems for caribou calf survival, especially during the migration period. This paper introduces an adaptation for larger scale Arctic application of a detection algorithm (sensitivity analysis on the detection threshold) with an error of ~5%. The validation, however, remains limited due to a short study period and limited number of sites.  相似文献