共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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基于能值理论,结合生态足迹方法,构建能值生态赤字/盈余、渔业足迹强度(D)、社会发展压力指数(I)和经济协调指数(Q)参数评价海岛可持续性,选取典型海岛城市浙江省舟山市作为案例研究。结果显示:2003—2017年舟山能值足迹、能值承载力均呈上升趋势;人均能值生态足迹共增加15.78 hm2,增幅为63.26%;人均能值承载力增加5.20×102 hm2,增幅为82.86%;其中,化石能源用地能值足迹增加最多,社会经济承载力增加最多,而自然承载力却有所下降。能值生态赤字/盈余和经济协调指数不能完全反映区域可持续性,区域渔业足迹强度的不断增加表明当前的渔业经济模式不满足可持续发展要求,社会发展压力指数增大也进一步表明舟山的发展状况偏离了可持续性的轨道。 相似文献
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文章从自然环境和社会环境2个系统层,精选景观多样性和可利用土地面积比重等14项评价指标,采用层次分析法计算评价指标权重和综合评价影响指数,探索建立旅游型无居民海岛环境承载力评价体系。以海南省蜈支洲岛为例,评价其环境承载力,研究结果表明:自然环境条件是影响蜈支洲岛环境承载力的首要因素;目前蜈支洲岛仍有一定的环境承载力,可持续发展潜力较大;原生态的自然环境以及科学合理的开发利用规划和措施是提升蜈支洲岛环境承载力的核心要素。旅游型无居民海岛环境承载力评价体系的建立和应用,对无居民海岛的旅游开发利用和生态环境保护具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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A new direction in coastal management 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper argues for a stronger integration of marine sciences and coastal management studies that generates better formulated marine policies and viable policy implementation strategies. Integration of natural and social sciences in environmental management has surfaced as a key issue recently in the fields of sustainability science, ecosystem-based management, and social–ecological resilience. This paper promotes such trend in marine studies, and examines the rationale, progress, and examples of the integration. 相似文献
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中国海岛型旅游目的地生态安全综合评价与障碍因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从可持续发展的视角,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应的DPSIR模型构建了海岛型旅游目的地生态安全评价体系,选取中国12个县级地域单元的海岛作为研究区,通过TOPSIS模型对其2018年的生态安全水平进行测度,并根据其贴近度指数划分为不安全、较不安全、比较安全、安全4个等级,引用障碍度模型对影响海岛型旅游目的地生态安全的障碍因素进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)洞头区、崇明区、定海区的生态安全等级为不安全;平潭县、嵊泗县、普陀区、玉环市和南澳县为较不安全;长岛县和岱山县为较安全;长海县和东山县为安全状态,研究区内海岛型旅游目的地的生态安全面临着较大威胁。(2)压力系统中海岛脆弱性和响应系统中生态保护力度是生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因素,而自然灾害对海岛的损害、环保资金支持力度不足以及有限的海岛空间承载量又是其中最关键的因素。基于障碍因素的诊断,提出了生态安全水平提升的策略,为保障我国海岛的生态安全提供实证参考。 相似文献
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Transitioning ocean governance into an ecosystem-based approach requires improved knowledge of ecosystems and existing management systems. While there has been increased effort to compile and synthesize ecological data, relatively little scholarship has been focused on improving and understanding ocean management systems. This paper presents a unique dataset that makes objective analyses of ocean management possible across multiple jurisdictions and sectors in the California Current. Following an explanation of the criteria used to compile relevant statutes and regulations, the paper suggests applications for the dataset including education and policy uses and ecosystem-based management tool development to identify and measure problems of fragmented management. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
The roles of governance and technological innovation have been widely recognized as important parts of sustainability transitions. However, less attention has been paid to understanding the mechanisms of the emergence and spread of innovative ideas for stewardship of social–ecological systems. This study considers how theories of innovation and agency are able to provide explanatory power regarding the spread and impact of such ideas. This includes how innovations may contribute to resolving the mismatches between the scale of ecological processes and the scale of governance of ecosystems. The emergence and spread of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is used as an illustrative case study. The study shows that individuals embedded in informal networks have played a key role in driving the emergence of MSP across scales and in constantly re-framing the tool in order to overcome obstacles to adoption and implementation. In a number of cases, MSP has been decoupled from the ecosystem despite being framed as a tool for ecosystem-based management. Finally, this study is important to understand the process of emergence of new integrated tools for ecosystem stewardship at the global level. 相似文献
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The Marine Planning Framework for South Australia is a new large-scale, ecosystem-based zoning policy for management of development and use in the marine environment. Utilising the Geographic Information System (GIS), the model establishes four ecologically rated zones, derived from known ecological criteria. A series of goals, objectives and strategies represent the desired outcomes for each of the ecologically rated zones. A Performance Assessment System (PAS) will subsequently evaluate the success of the marine plans. Implementation will be supported by a collaborative whole-of-government approach. Marine plans will facilitate the delivery of long-term protection to the marine environment as a whole ecosystem, whilst enabling a broad range of activities to occur in a sustainable manner. 相似文献
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Melissa M. Foley Benjamin S. Halpern Fiorenza Micheli Matthew H. Armsby Margaret R. Caldwell Caitlin M. Crain Erin Prahler Nicole Rohr Deborah Sivas Michael W. Beck Mark H. Carr Larry B. Crowder J. Emmett Duffy Sally D. Hacker Karen L. McLeod Stephen R. Palumbi Charles H. Peterson Helen M. Regan Mary H. Ruckelshaus Paul A. Sandifer Robert S. Steneck 《Marine Policy》2010
The declining health of marine ecosystems around the world is evidence that current piecemeal governance is inadequate to successfully support healthy coastal and ocean ecosystems and sustain human uses of the ocean. One proposed solution to this problem is ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP), which is a process that informs the spatial distribution of activities in the ocean so that existing and emerging uses can be maintained, use conflicts reduced, and ecosystem health and services protected and sustained for future generations. Because a key goal of ecosystem-based MSP is to maintain the delivery of ecosystem services that humans want and need, it must be based on ecological principles that articulate the scientifically recognized attributes of healthy, functioning ecosystems. These principles should be incorporated into a decision-making framework with clearly defined targets for these ecological attributes. This paper identifies ecological principles for MSP based on a synthesis of previously suggested and/or operationalized principles, along with recommendations generated by a group of twenty ecologists and marine scientists with diverse backgrounds and perspectives on MSP. The proposed four main ecological principles to guide MSP—maintaining or restoring: native species diversity, habitat diversity and heterogeneity, key species, and connectivity—and two additional guidelines, the need to account for context and uncertainty, must be explicitly taken into account in the planning process. When applied in concert with social, economic, and governance principles, these ecological principles can inform the designation and siting of ocean uses and the management of activities in the ocean to maintain or restore healthy ecosystems, allow delivery of marine ecosystem services, and ensure sustainable economic and social benefits. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Marine spatial planning (MSP) has emerged worldwide as a tool for sustainable ocean governance. This paper reviews how sustainability and ecosystem-based management (EBM) have been included so far within the MSP general framework, by carrying out: (1) a review on the links between sustainability, EBM and MSP in EU maritime policy initiatives; (2) an analysis on the differences between ecosystem-based MSP versus MSP focused on delivering blue growth; and (3) a discussion on how adaptive management may address some of the main challenges found in achieving sustainable ocean management. From the EU Green Paper (2006) to the MSP Directive Proposal (2013), MSP processes based on the principle of EBM have been recognized as a necessary tool to ensure maritime sustainable development. Although ecosystem-based MSP has been recently presented as the best way to ensure both ecosystem conservation and development of human activities, most national and European MSP initiatives seem to follow a MSP approach focused in delivering blue growth. A challenge, therefore, arises: how to adjust policy decisions to properly preserve ecosystems and the services they provide? If truly implemented, an adaptive approach seems to be a way forward in ensuring that spatial planning, management and policy-making in marine spaces can be continuously adjusted, thus allowing for sustainability. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
Human activities in ocean environments have resulted in significant impacts to ocean health and diminishing returns to society from these ecosystems. In response, there have been increasing calls for implementing ecosystem-based approaches to ocean planning and management. Such approaches require consideration of the complexity of human relationships with ecosystems including their social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions in order to develop and implement management viable strategies. This article reviews progress in spatial research on human activities and social dimensions of ocean environments and explores the promise this research has for enhancing ecosystem-based ocean planning. A global review reveals growth in the number and sophistication of research on social dimensions of oceans, with an increasing focus on new tools and technologies that involve stakeholders in the production, maintenance, and use of data in planning processes. Notably, most research is undertaken in the developed rather than the developing world, pointing to possible discrepancies in the capacity and resources required to engage this research. There is promising, albeit limited, evidence for the successful use of social data and applied research approaches in ecosystem-based ocean planning initiatives. This review shows that spatial research on the human dimensions of the ocean environments has much potential to engender a more comprehensive understanding of these complex seascapes, and to aid in planning processes aimed at achieving sustainable social and ecological outcomes. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Ecosystem-based management is an increasingly prominent paradigm for the management of living marine resources with a focus on maintaining ecosystem level properties and processes. Although highly migratory marine and anadromous fish species often disproportionately contribute to the structure and function of ecosystems, incorporating these species into ecosystem-based management policies remains difficult because they spend a considerable portion of time outside the boundaries that define a particular management area. In this paper, two case studies are used to examine how the challenges of ecosystem openness, imperfect information, and ecosystem complexity can impede efforts to integrate highly migratory Pacific salmon into ecosystem-based management policies. This analysis highlights three main factors that hinder more effective integration: (1) uncertainties about impacts of human activities and ecological processes that occur in geographically distant jurisdictional areas or at spatial scales larger than the ecosystem-based management area, (2) spatial asymmetries in the distribution of costs and benefits associated with management decisions (i.e., positive or negative externalities), and (3) static management policies that prevent updating management decisions in a timely manner when ecosystem conditions change or new information becomes available. Given these factors, two potential strategies to address migratory challenges are suggested. First, the creation of an international ecosystem synthesis group is recommended to facilitate the collection, analysis, and dissemination of ecological, social, and policy information across national and other jurisdictional boundaries. Second, the expanded use of dynamic in-season management policies is recommended, which allow for rapid updating of management decisions based on evolving information about ecosystem conditions. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(5-6):259-280
The development of sustainability indicator systems (SIS) has been a response to practically apply and interpret ecosystem-based and precautionary approaches to fisheries management. Fisheries- based indicator systems have been characterised by recognition of their utility, but hampered by a lack of data, clear roles and responsibilities and an uneven distribution of implementation across governance jurisdictions. This paper explores a policy-based holistic model of an indicator system consisting of inputs, core structures and outputs and uses this as the basis of an assessment framework. The framework is applied to two recent reporting systems: the Australian government's Commonwealth Sustainable Fisheries Assessments and the Marine Stewardship Council initiative. 相似文献
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为了解和把握湛江市海洋资源环境承载力水平与演变趋势,通过建立包括海洋经济发展、海洋资源承载和海洋环境承载3个系统下具体33个指标的海洋资源环境承载力评价体系,采用熵权TOPSIS模型对湛江市2007-2016年这10年内海洋资源环境承载力水平及3个子系统水平进行动态评价。研究结果表明:湛江市海洋资源环境承载力水平在2007-2016年间处于波动起伏的状态,总体水平较高,但仍存在下行的风险。其中,湛江市海洋经济发展水平逐年上升;海洋资源承载水平整体较高,且与海洋资源环境承载力变化趋势较为吻合;海洋环境承载力水平整体呈现较为平稳的趋势。湛江市在制定海洋发展战略规划的同时,应在创新海洋经济发展的基础上,重点向海洋资源保护和海洋生态环境修复倾斜。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Stakeholder participation is vital when introducing and implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) at any scale. This paper presents the results of a survey covering four European Regional Seas (Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean) aimed to collect stakeholders׳ perspectives on their Regional Sea governance to implement the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). In this survey, drivers of good governance including stakeholder involvement, willingness and capacity to cooperate, efficiency, institutional ambiguity and decision-making were explored. The results indicate a clear gap in perception between the current, the ideal and the foreseen situation regarding the implementation of the MSFD. The preferences for the future governance structures vary between stakeholders and across seas although some similarities can be found. Based on the results of the survey, this paper concludes that tailor-made rather than off-the-shelf solutions will be needed to accommodate regional cooperation in the European marine environment for implementing ecosystem-based management under the MSFD. 相似文献
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基于Ecopath模型的七连屿礁栖性生物的生态承载力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态承载力评估是开展生物资源增殖放流, 维持珊瑚礁生态系统健康的基础和前提。本文基于2019年渔业资源和生态环境的综合调查数据, 构建了七连屿珊瑚礁海域生态系统的生态通道(Ecopath)模型, 分析和探讨了相关功能组增殖放流的生态承载力。结果显示, 七连屿珊瑚礁海域生态系统各功能群营养级范围为1.00~3.81; 生态系统的总能量转化效率为13.45%; 生态系统以牧食食物链占据主导地位, 直接来源于初级生产者的能流占比为57%。系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.54; 总初级生产量/总生物量为19.07; 系统连接指数和系统杂食性指数分别为0.36和0.22, 表明当前七连屿珊瑚礁海域生态系统的成熟度和稳定性偏低, 系统对于外界的干扰抵抗能力较弱。在未改变七连屿珊瑚礁生态系统结构和功能的前提下, 各功能组中珊瑚、双壳类和植食性鱼类的生态承载力分别为25.09~53.77t•km-2、2.55~39.95t•km-2和4.89~17.94t•km-2, 因此仍具有较大的增殖空间。珊瑚礁鱼类群落的最大生态承载力同珊瑚礁无脊椎动物群落的增殖密切相关, 在未来的珊瑚礁渔业管理中应从生态系统整体结构的角度综合考虑增殖放流的方法设计。 相似文献
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海岛资源的可持续发展研究是海洋开发与管理的重要课题。为优化配置海岛资源,促进海岛开发利用和生态环境保护的协调发展,文章对国内外海岛生态脆弱性研究的概念化过程、研究框架和评价方法进行综述,并在此基础上提出研究展望。研究结果表明:脆弱性的概念已由单一维度的自然系统或社会系统向2个维度的社会-生态交互系统拓展,海岛生态脆弱性的概念化过程具有同样的演进轨迹,但尚未清晰地揭示2个维度之间的多因素耦合关系;目前海岛生态脆弱性的研究框架多是已有脆弱性研究框架的延伸和拓展,尚未出现专门的研究框架;已有的生态脆弱性评价方法主要包括综合指数法、函数模型法、图层叠置法、情景分析法和系统动力学等,但缺乏适用于评价海岛生态脆弱性时空动态特征的方法;针对上述不足,未来海岛生态脆弱性研究应着重统一基本概念并构建专门的研究框架,在理清海岛生态脆弱性动态变化机制的基础上,完善评价指标体系和评价方法,并加强管理调控研究。 相似文献
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基于熵值-突变级数法的环渤海地区海洋生态环境承载力评价及障碍因子诊断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着对海洋开发力度的不断加大,海洋生态环境问题日益突出,已成为中国海洋可持续发展的制约因素。作为衡量海洋可持续发展的主要手段之一,海洋生态环境承载力的定量化评价是必不可少的重要环节。针对海洋生态环境承载力的突变特性,基于熵值-突变级数法,从压力和承压两方面构建海洋生态环境承载力评价指标体系,结合障碍因子诊断模型,考量环渤海地区4个省市2006-2014年的海洋生态环境承载力的空间差异和时序特征,剖析影响承载力发展水平的主要障碍因子。研究表明:环渤海地区2006-2014年海洋生态环境承载能力整体较差,承载力水平呈下降趋势;2014年海洋生态环境承载强度分为两类,山东和天津为较弱承载力水平,河北和辽宁为弱承载力水平;生态弹性小、环境污染重、生态资源匮乏已成为制约环渤海海洋生态环境承载力发展水平的普遍问题。 相似文献