共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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海洋可持续发展目标(SDG 14)作为联合国2030年可持续发展目标体系(SDGs)的重要组成部分,为各国解决共同关注的海洋环境和社会经济发展领域相关问题提供了综合性的目标框架。2016年以来,全球SDG 14评估指标处于不断发展变化之中。中国在实施SDG 14具体指标方面面临的机遇与挑战并存,一方面,采用联合国SDG 14指标框架评估中国海洋可持续发展目标进展存在现实差距和局限;另一方面,中国SDG 14国别自愿评估指标体系存在进一步提升空间。因此,结合国际及国内发展趋势与需求,需要尽快完善本土化的SDG 14评估指标与方法体系、提升海洋综合治理体系与能力,同时推动海洋可持续发展相关多目标、指标的协同与均衡发展。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
The United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and 2009 adopted resolutions that call for the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) from significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing. While general criteria have been produced, there are no guidelines or protocols that elaborate on the process from initial identification through to the protection of VMEs. Here, based upon an expert review of existing practices, a 10-step framework is proposed: (1) Comparatively assess potential VME indicator taxa and habitats in a region; (2) determine VME thresholds; (3) consider areas already known for their ecological importance; (4) compile information on the distributions of likely VME taxa and habitats, as well as related environmental data; (5) develop predictive distribution models for VME indicator taxa and habitats; (6) compile known or likely fishing impacts; (7) produce a predicted VME naturalness distribution (areas of low cumulative impacts); (8) identify areas of higher value to user groups; (9) conduct management strategy evaluations to produce trade-off scenarios; (10) review and re-iterate, until spatial management scenarios are developed that fulfil international obligations and regional conservation and management objectives. To date, regional progress has been piecemeal and incremental. The proposed 10-step framework combines these various experiences into a systematic approach. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2005,29(1):9-23
In this study, we developed a framework for analyzing what we called “local accepted” fishery sustainability indicators by involving the fishery stakeholders in the Yoron Island, Japan. The results of study revealed that, from the degree of importance point of view, the security level and fishing management indicator are considered to be the most important indicators based on the stakeholders’ value. From the results of cognitive mapping analyses, we found that there are five indicators which have highest domain, while the succession rate indicator has the highest centrality value. It means that these indicators could be considered to have an important role for the overall sustainability of fisheries in the island. 相似文献
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The EU Water Framework Directive is a Community legislative instrument in the field of environmental protection that establishes a common framework for keeping water quality at a favourable level. To implement the directive, classification systems need to be established that allow detection of human impacts at early stages and, thus, more effective management of coastal communities. Due to the spatial variability of communities, however, the results of any assessment are highly dependent on the selection of data. In this study we identified local spatial scales in which variability of macrophyte communities was maximised, quantified links between observed patterns of sediment types and communities and estimated how selection criteria impacted the outcome of the assessment of indicator class value in four different communities of the Northern Baltic Sea. The main findings of the study were that: (i) there were no clear local spatial scales in which the variability of benthic communities was maximised; (ii) hard-bottom communities were better predicted by the spatial arrangement of sediment characteristics than soft-bottom communities; (iii) the selection of method had no effect on the estimates of macrophyte cover and indicator class; but (iv) method impacted independently of habitat type on error estimates of macrophyte cover and indicator class. To conclude, in such homogeneous and low diversity macrophyte communities it is preferable to use methods that result in lower error estimates of algal coverage and, thus, result in lower uncertainties of estimates in the water quality class. 相似文献
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依据海洋生态修复项目的特点和工作程序确定生态修复的管理目标,以生态修复效果为导向,运用逻辑框架法构建了项目绩效评估指标体系。该体系包括项目管理类指标和效果类指标,分别对应于逻辑层次的投入、产出、目的/作用与目标。其中,项目管理类指标包含项目实施情况、跟踪监测情况、资金使用情况和项目管理情况等4类指标;效果类指标包含海洋水动力、海洋地形地貌与冲淤、海洋水质、海洋生物生态状况、生态景观、海洋生态环境敏感区、项目综合效益等7类指标。该绩效评估指标体系的建立,可以为科学评判项目实施效果,提高项目管理绩效提供技术支撑,对提升海洋生态修复项目的运行效率,满足海洋生态保护与修复的适应性管理需求,具有积极的科学意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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Xiaochen Liu Yangbo Lu Yongchao Lu Lei Chen Yiquan Ma Chao Wang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(3):421-439
Based on cores, well logs and seismic data, we established the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and predicted the shale lithofacies distribution within the sequence stratigraphic framework using geostatistical inversion. The results of our study show that the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation is a third order sequence that includes a transgressive systems tract (TST), an early highstand systems tract (EHST) and a late highstand systems tract (LHST). Four lithofacies units have been recognized, specifically siliceous shale, argillaceous shale, calcareous shale and mixed shale. The results of geostatistical inversion reveal that the TST is characterized by flaky siliceous shale and some sparsely distributed calcareous shale. The EHST is dominated by mixed shale with minor amounts of siliceous shale, which occurs in only a small area. Moreover, in the LHST, argillaceous shale occupies almost the entire study region. Comparing to traditional geological research with geophysical research, the vertical resolution of the predictive results of geostatistical inversion could reach 1–2 m. Geostatistical inversion effectively solves the problem of precisely identifying the lithofacies in the Fuling shale gas field and predicting their spatial distribution. This successful study showcases the potential of this method for carrying out marine shale lithofacies prediction in China and other locations with similar geological backgrounds. 相似文献
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海洋生物多样性评价指标体系的研究及在泉州湾的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在总结国内外生物多样性评价相关研究的基础上,系统地探讨了海洋生物多样性评价指标的选取原则与思路,并基于压力一状态一响应（PSR）的评价框架,分别从生境物理破坏、海洋污染、外来种入侵和过度捕捞4个方面选取压力指标,从生态系统完整性、生境多样性、物种多样性和珍稀濒危物种4个方面选取状态指标,从环境响应、社会响应和经济响应3个方面选取响应指标,构建了适合于海洋生物多样性评价的指标体系．对泉州湾海洋生物多样性进行了评价,结果表明,在1984～2008和2001—2008年2个时期里,多数压力指标呈退化趋势,表明生物多样性的压力持续增加;多数状态指标呈退化趋势,表明生物多样性不断下降;多数响应指标呈现改善趋势,表明保护和提高生物多样性的行动力度不断增加． 相似文献
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To sustain fishery development and ensure the supply of fish, the role that a sustainable development indicator system plays in the evaluation of fishery management performance is becoming increasingly important. A sustainable indicator system based on the Pressure–State–Response (PSR) framework was developed for local fisheries in Gungliau, Taiwan, between 1995 and 2003. Factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis were also applied to aggregate indicators and analyse the linkage of indicators. The most serious problem facing fishery system in Gungliau is conflicting local and higher levels of enforcement that result in the problems of effort, harvest and fleet age composition related to the pressure component. Fishery resources and the state of ecosystem were also affected by marine environmental change, especially by El Ñino. Consequently, fishermen adjusted their effort and investment to the variation of Fishery resources, leading Gungliau fisheries to unsustainability. 相似文献
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The microstructure of black siliceous shale from the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Sichuan Basin in China was investigated by the combination of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and argon ion beam milling. The nanometer-to micrometer-scale pore systems of shales are an important control on gas storage and fluid migration. In this paper, the organic porosity in shale samples within oil and gas window has been investigated, and the formation mechanism and diagenetic evolution of nanopores have been researched.FE-SEM reveals five pore types that are classified as follows: organic nanopores, pores in clay minerals, nanopores of framework minerals, intragranular pores in microfossils, and microfractures. Numerous organic nanopores are observed in shales in the gas window, whereas microfractures can be seen within the organic matter of shales in the oil window. Microfractures in oil window shales could be attributed to pressure buildup in the organic matter when incompressible liquid hydrocarbon are generated, and the orientation of microfractures is probably parallel to the bedding and strength anisotropy of the formation. Pores in clay minerals are always associated with the framework of clay flakes, and develop around rigid mineral grains because the pressure shadows of mineral grains protect pores from collapse, and the increasing of silt content would lead to an increase in pressure shadows and improve porosity. Nanopores of rock framework are probably related to dissolution by acidic fluids from hydrocarbon generation, and the dissolution-related pores promote permeability of shales. Porosity in the low-TOC, low-thermal-maturity shales contrast greatly with those of high-TOC, high-thermal-maturity shales. While the high-TOC shales contain abundant organic microporosity, the inorganic pores can contribute a lot to the porosity of the low-TOC shales. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) development is described here in the broader context of European coastal management initiatives. The European approach to coastal governance revolves around the principles of ICZM, as enshrined in EC Recommendation 2002/413/EC. This study investigates the extent to which the FP6 funded project SPICOSA (Science Policy Integration for Coastal Systems Assessment) was able to implement these principles. The SPICOSA project aimed to test whether it was possible to develop and implement a systems approach framework via delivery of a structured engagement process between scientists and policymakers. A survey of representatives from 14 European study sites involved in the project revealed that the approach had been effective at implementing some ICZM principles, particularly the “holistic approach”. However, not all principles were fully implemented at all sites and the most challenging to implement was that of “a long term approach”. The paper concludes with a critical consideration of the role of a systems approach framework in progressing the current state of intellectual assent towards practical implementation of ICZM principles. The findings provide evidence of contributions and limitations of systems approaches to sustainability science and good governance. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
This paper evaluates the international agreements in place for the protection of the environment and the regulation of human activities taking place in world's oceans and seas. 500 multilateral agreements were reviewed against a framework of reference, grounded on the theoretical approaches of Adaptive Management and Transition Management. According to this framework, oceans complex systems management should: (1) consider the global oceans as a Social-Ecological System (SES); (2) aim to achieve or maintain their ecological resilience; and (3) implement iterative, learning-based management strategies, supported by science-based advice to policy and management. The results show that the present international legal framework for the global oceans does not require countries to adopt an adaptive, complex systems approach for global oceans ecological resilience. Instead, this study supports the perspective of a double fragmentation among international agreements. First, global agreements focus on issue-based objectives for determined human activities, ecological components or anthropogenic pressures. Second, regional agreements have a wider scope, but also a varying level of inclusion of ecological resilience considerations. There is the need to foster the inclusion of such an approach into existing and future international agreements and their implementation, including through soft-law, project-based initiatives at global and regional scales. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Decisions regarding the selection and implementation of management strategies that constrain fishing pressure can be among the most difficult choices that fisheries managers and stakeholders must make. These types of decisions often need to be confronted in a data-limited context, where few if any management measures are currently in place or fisheries are managed independent of adequate scientific advice. This situation can sometimes create a high risk of overfishing and potential loss of economic and social benefits. To address this situation, simple model-free indicator-based frameworks have the potential to be effective decision-making platforms for fisheries where quantitative estimates of biomass and fishing mortality based reference points are lacking. In this paper, a multi-indicator framework is developed that enables decision-makers to proceed with management decisions in data-limited situations. Model-free indicators are calculated using trends in observed data, rather than stock assessment derived estimates of biomass and fishing mortality. The framework developed is adaptive so that adjustments to catch or effort are recursive and can respond to changing environments, socioeconomic conditions, and fishing practices. Using stakeholder-defined objectives as a foundation, indicators and reference points of fishery performance are chosen that can be evaluated easily by undertaking analyses of available data. Indicators from multiple data streams are used so that uncertainty in one indicator can be hedged through careful interpretation and corroboration of information from alternative indicators. During the adaptive management cycle, managers and stakeholders evaluate each indicator against the associated reference points to determine performance measures, interpret the results using scientific and local knowledge, and adjust fishery management tactics accordingly using pre-defined harvest control rules. The framework facilitates the interpretation of situations in which performance measures suggest divergent stock abundance or productivity levels. A case study is presented on this framework's development for conch and lobster fisheries of Belize. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
As climate change continues to impact socio-ecological systems, tools that assist conservation managers to understand vulnerability and target adaptations are essential. Quantitative assessments of vulnerability are rare because available frameworks are complex and lack guidance for dealing with data limitations and integrating across scales and disciplines. This paper describes a semi-quantitative method for assessing vulnerability to climate change that integrates socio-ecological factors to address management objectives and support decision-making. The method applies a framework first adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and uses a structured 10-step process. The scores for each framework element are normalized and multiplied to produce a vulnerability score and then the assessed components are ranked from high to low vulnerability. Sensitivity analyses determine which indicators most influence the analysis and the resultant decision-making process so data quality for these indicators can be reviewed to increase robustness. Prioritisation of components for conservation considers other economic, social and cultural values with vulnerability rankings to target actions that reduce vulnerability to climate change by decreasing exposure or sensitivity and/or increasing adaptive capacity. This framework provides practical decision-support and has been applied to marine ecosystems and fisheries, with two case applications provided as examples: (1) food security in Pacific Island nations under climate-driven fish declines, and (2) fisheries in the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia. The step-wise process outlined here is broadly applicable and can be undertaken with minimal resources using existing data, thereby having great potential to inform adaptive natural resource management in diverse locations. 相似文献
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Environmental management decisions based upon indicators are the end point of a process involving stakeholders and scientists. These steps should be explicit and follow a chronology. This paper presents a general framework for the design and use of management-oriented indicators, integrating management questions and performance criteria. We first examined the desirable characteristics of indicators aimed at providing decision-support for marine environmental management. Ideally, one should select the indicator that guarantees a safe and unambiguous decision leading to the appropriate measures in terms of regulation, remediation or control. In the present study, indicators are assessed according to two criteria: relevance and effectiveness. Relevance encompasses sensitivity and the existence of quantitative reference values, thereby allowing the selection of potential indicators. Effectiveness is the ability of the indicator to reach its predefined targets based on optimal (or at least improved) data collection protocols. The framework is illustrated by applying it to the European Water Framework Directive and to the Marine Protected Area management contexts. 相似文献
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北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造——沉积特征及其演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在二维和三维地震资料解释基础上,对北部湾盆地北部坳陷地层分布及断裂系统进行了研究,建立了坳陷断裂分布格局及构造样式;结合地层和钻井资料分析了断裂活动期次和特征,揭示古近纪坳陷构造演化经历了三期幕式断陷活动：古新世,初期拉张裂陷阶段,形成狭小的半地堑;始新世早中期,第二期强烈拉张裂陷阶段,形成统一的湖盆,发育两个沉积中心;渐新世,断坳转换期,涠西南低凸起和3号断裂强烈活动,沉积中心迁移至海中凹陷.这为进一步油气勘探工作提供了有价值的参考. 相似文献
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Heather Tallis Sarah E. LesterMary Ruckelshaus Mark PlummerKaren McLeod Anne GuerrySandy Andelman Margaret R. CaldwellMarc Conte Stephen CoppsDavid Fox Rod FujitaSteven D. Gaines Guy GelfenbaumBarry Gold Peter KareivaChoong-ki Kim Kai LeeMichael Papenfus Scott RedmanBrian Silliman Lisa WaingerCrow White 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):303-306
Policies are arising around the world, most recently in the United States, that mandate the implementation of marine spatial planning as a practical pathway towards ecosystem-based management. In the new United States ocean policy, and several other cases around the globe, ecosystem services are at the core of marine spatial planning, but there is little guidance on how ecosystem services should be measured, making it hard to implement this new approach. A new framework is shown here for practical, rigorous ecosystem service measurement that highlights contributions from both natural and social systems. The novel three-step framework addresses traditional shortcomings of an ecosystem services approach by giving managers and scientists the tools to assess and track: (1) the condition of the ecosystem (supply metrics), (2) the amount of ocean resources actually used or enjoyed by people (service metrics), and (3) people's preference for that level of service (value metrics). This framework will allow real world progress on marine spatial planning to happen quickly, and with a greater chance for success. 相似文献
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Characterisation of productivity-diversity relationships forms an essential step towards a better understanding of biodiversity. In terrestrial systems this is a topical subject and most studies reported a hump-shaped relationship. For marine systems, however, the number of studies dedicated to this is low despite the high interest in this productivity-diversity relationship. The present study reports on meiofauna density/diversity patterns in relation to resource availability as an indicator for the productivity of the ecosystem. Standardised meiofauna samples were collected in tropical seagrass beds from three localities (Kenya, Mexico, the Philippines) in order to contrast local patterns with a more global scale. Although these sites were physically comparable, a range of resource availabilities was found. These differences between localities were mainly due to different tidal regimes and related input of organic matter. At all sites a significant positive effect of resource increase on meiofauna densities was found. This positive effect was less clear for meiofauna diversity. Highest density and diversity levels were reported for the Kenyan site and this is probably linked to a high tidal range. Pooling all localities together resulted in a significant positive linear relationship between resource availability and meiofauna density/diversity. Caution should be taken when choosing resource indicators. Chlorophyll a concentrations, for example, resulted in a positive density-productivity relationship while organic carbon content, an indicator for more refractory material, showed a negative relationship. In all cases, no hump-shaped relationship could be found suggesting that each ecosystem and each group of organisms may show a particular productivity-diversity/density relationship. 相似文献
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研究控制变量含有时滞的线性系统在外部正弦干扰下的最优减振预测控制问题。利用系统的控制向量和被控对象的预测输出向量 ,设计了 1种全维状态预测观测器。并将该状态观测器用于时滞控制系统的最优前馈 -反馈预测控制中。频域分析表明 ,应用该状态预测观测器可将闭环系统的时滞项移至系统闭环结构之外 ,从而其优化控制规律完全可以按无时滞系统进行设计。时域分析表明 ,设计的预测控制器对外部正弦干扰有较强的鲁棒性 ,得到的结果关于二次型平均性能指标是次优的 相似文献