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“鱼·菜·菌”生态养殖模式氮磷转化及去除效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
薛凌展 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2014,(4):15-25
设计了一种由空心菜、异育银鲫＂中科3号＂和微生物膜组成的浮床生态养殖系统,采用水生空心菜根系及浮床为基质,构建了以池塘土著微生物和外源微生物为菌源的池塘漂浮式微生物膜,并结合水生空心菜对养殖水体进行原位修复。定期跟踪监测3种养殖模式水体中总磷和总氮的变化情况,结果显示：＂鱼·菜·菌＂培育模式YCJ-2的水质较为稳定,与对照组YCJ-3相比,总氮和总磷分别降低了66.13%和43.81%;总氮排放浓度达到淡水养殖废水排放二级标准,总磷排放浓度介于淡水养殖废水排放一级标准和地表水质量Ⅴ类标准之间,该模式对养殖水体中的总氮和总磷的去除率效果明显。分别采用物料平衡原理和产量法检测分析不同模式的产排污系数和沉积物产污系数,结果显示：对照组YCJ-3总氮和总磷产排污系数最高,分别为1.60 g·kg^-1和19.90 g·kg^-1;YCJ-2沉积物总磷和总氮产污系数最低仅为1.01 g·kg^-1和0.35 g·kg^-1,分别比YCJ-3降低了82.5%和83.17%;养殖效益分析结果显示：＂鱼·菜·菌＂培育模式YCJ-2总产值达到3 536.04元/100 m2,比YCJ-3和YCJ-1（鱼-菜培育模式）模式养殖经济效益分别提高了49.12%和11.88%。 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古西部额济纳古湖小狐山剖面沉积物中总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）和碳酸盐（CaCO3）含量的测定,分析了沉积物中有机碳来源和无机碳酸盐成因,结果表明在额济纳古湖相沉积物中TOC与TN含量呈同步变化规律TOC/TN(9.91～10.16)较稳定,其有机质为湖泊自生藻类和外源维管束植物共同提供。沉积物中有机质含量受温度、降雨量变化控制,当气候暖湿时,沉积物中有机碳含量高,气候冷干则有机碳含量低,因此,有机碳含量是所研究剖面气候温湿与干旱（冷）的有效环境指标。湖泊自生碳酸盐含量则由湖区有效湿度和生物量的共同控制,其稳定碳同位素指示有效湿度的大小。粒度,特别是小于2μm组分含量与水动力和搬运介质相关,其组分含量大于5％时为湖相沉积且随其含量增加指示水深加大。根据沉积物中有机碳、碳酸盐、无机碳同位素和粒度,并结合剖面岩相特征,探讨了研究区该时段（按剖面深度划分）气候变化和湖泊演化历史： ？～38.15 14C kaB.P.(1039～949cm)湖区气候为冷干环境特征,风沙盛行; 38.15～31.73 14C kaB.P.(949～780cm)气候环境逐步改善,降水量增加,湖泊开始发育并到达湖泊高水位阶段; 31.73～22.79 14C kaB.P.(780～482cm)湖泊水位有所下降,气候有明显的波动,但仍维持在较高的水位上,湖区环境仍为暖湿气候; 22.79～17.37 14C kaB.P.(482～304cm)气候开始变冷变干,湖区有效适度持续减小,湖泊退缩; 17.37～14.00 14C kaB.P.(304～178cm)湖泊退出研究点,区域有效湿度小,风沙盛行,存在短暂气候事件,造成暂时性流水; 14～4 14C kaB.P.(178～0cm)湖泊开始再度扩张、水位上升,湖水变淡,到该阶段的后期气候又一次发生转变,湖区再度成为干旱环境,有效湿度减小,湖泊开始萎缩、直至消失。 相似文献
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Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton composition and biomass in 15 subtropical, urban shallow lakes in Wuhan, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This study aims at investigating the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community in 15 urban shallow eutrophic lakes as well as the effects of main environmental factors, including nutrient concentrations and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, temperature, COD, BOD, water depth, etc. on the phytoplankton community structure. Lake water samples were taken and analyzed on a bimonthly basis during the period from March 2004 to March 2006. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and regression analysis (RA) were performed to identify the effects of nutrients on the phytoplankton community and biomass in these typical urban lakes. The results indicate that most of these urban lakes were hypertrophic due to high concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), with mean levels of 490 and 5380 mg m−3, respectively. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa and Euglena caudate in summer and Cryptomonas ovata and Cyclotella meneghiniana in winter. The mean biomass of the phytoplankton reached 456.87 mg L−1 in summer months and the annual level was 189.24 mg L−1. Temperature and TP content were found to be the principal limiting factors for phytoplankton growth on an annual basis. On the other hand, the results of RDA and RA demonstrate that the dominant phytoplankton species were not nutrient-limited during summer months. Low TN:TP ratios (<10) were detected accompanied with fewer occurrences of N-fixing cyanobacteria and other filamentous algae in most lakes in summer, which implies that low N:P ratio does not always shifts the dominance of phytoplankton community to the N-fixing cyanobacteria. Moreover, TP always had higher correlation with chlorophyll a (Chl-a) than TN, even when the TN:TP ratios of most samples were lower than 10. Therefore, it is concluded that the TN:TP ratio is not always a suitable index to determine whether nitrogen or phosphorus limits the phytoplankton biomass in urban shallow eutrophic lakes. 相似文献
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The availability and partition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in inorganic and organic compartments, as well as their stoichiometric ratio, are influenced by both physical and biological forcing factors. On this basis, the temporal and spatial dynamics in N:P atomic ratios in different compartments may provide information on the functioning of marine ecosystems. Here we explore the relative importance of water temperature, river inputs, wind mixing, stratification, ingression of nutrient-depleted Eastern Adriatic Current and phytoplankton biomass on concentrations and ratios between nitrogen and phosphorus in a semi-enclosed bay (the Gulf of Trieste), using data from monitoring programs carried out during 8 years. Water samples are first classified in 6 water types based on N:P ratios in different components, and then relationships between water type space-time distribution and a set of forcing factors is sought. Results show that the gulf is characterised by relatively stable N:P ratios in all compartments (about 23-26), always exceeding the classical Redfield ratio. In the surface layer, however, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics are decoupled because of river input and plankton productivity, and a significant spatial and temporal variability is observed in terms of stoichiometric balance, nutrient concentrations and partition among the different pools. Deviations from stable N:P ratios follow a seasonal evolution. In spring, continental inputs alter inorganic nutrient compartments (N:P up to 115); later on, during the seasonal succession of biological processes (e.g. late spring phytoplankton blooms, summer increase in microbial activities and autumn phytoplankton blooms), a change is also seen in the organic dissolved and particulate pools. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that, among the considered forcing factors, the most relevant in modulating the N:P stoichiometry in the Gulf of Trieste are river inputs and ingression of the Eastern Adriatic Current (acting in opposite directions) along with phytoplankton dynamics. During the whole period, besides variations in N:P stoichiometry, in the Gulf of Trieste dissolved organic matter represents the largest pool of N and P, which can provide a source of nutrients for the planktonic community alternative to inorganic nutrient. 相似文献
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南极普里兹湾沉积物中有机碳和总氮的含量与分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用中国多次南极科学考察获得的沉积物样品,对普里兹湾沉积物中有机碳(OC)、总氮(TN)的含量和分布以及OC/TN进行了分析。结果表明:普里兹湾表层沉积物中OC和TN的含量变化范围分别为0.14%~1.20%和0.02%~0.20%,平均值分别为0.63%和0.11%。OC/TN的变化范围为5.5~8.2,平均值为6.8。OC和TN含量呈现明显的正相关性,表明有机质来源相同,比值接近6.6,说明有机质主要为海洋生源沉积。两者平面分布趋势非常一致,且与沉积物中泥质含量呈显著正相关,湾内73°E以西区域OC和TN含量较低,而以东区域含量较高,这是上层水体生产过程和冰川携带陆源砂等因素共同作用的结果。垂直分布上,OC和TN含量总体上表层高于深层,OC含量随深度增加逐渐降低,达到一定深度后趋于稳定。较高的沉积速率加速OC的埋藏,5根柱样中OC的埋藏率为39%~91%,平均为66%,表明普里兹湾是重要的碳汇区。 相似文献
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于2010年5月～10月采用现场模拟培养法探讨了辽河口芦苇湿地沉积物中的总氮去除效果,并分析了不同梯度C/N比(5∶1、10∶1、15∶1)对沉积物中总氮去除效果的影响。结果表明:在自然状态下,有植被芦苇湿地总氮去除率比无植被湿地高;当施加C/N因素后可以提高沉积物中总氮去除率,C/N比对裸滩湿地中氮的去除效果比芦苇湿地明显;在有植被芦苇湿地中C/N比为10时总氮去除率最高,而在无植被湿地中C/N比值为15时总氮去除率最高;8月份各实验组中总氮去除率最高。影响辽河口湿地沉积物脱氮效果主要环境因子还有温度、盐度、含水率和pH等。 相似文献
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目的：分析和研究MRI减影技术结合DWI在直肠癌术前TN分期的临床应用价值。方法：收集2010年8月~2013年12月期间经我院外科手术及病理证实的原发直肠癌患者53例。MRI序列包括常规TSE-T1WI、-T2WI、弥散成像（DWI）及反转恢复频率饱和成像（SPIR）序列。全部患者均行多方位增强扫描,而且保证有一个方位必须垂直肿块所在平面的肠管长轴,将增强扫描前后同方位图像进行减影处理,由两名高年资专家读片,并作术前TN分期。病理参考标准以Dukes分期为标准,并用Kappa方法检验MRI减影技术在直肠癌术前分期与病理结果一致性差异,统计学处理采用SPASS 19.0。结果：53例直肠癌患者中,MRI减影技术结合DWI对直肠癌检出率为100%,正确T分期49例,过低分期1例,过高分期3例,准确率为92.5%（49/53）,与病理结果一致性较好。按照MRI术前提示,手术切除淋巴结283枚,53例患者术后病检伴有淋巴结转移者36例,转移性淋巴结184枚,DWI结合常规序列术前评价淋巴结转移可靠性大。结论：MRI减影技术结合DWI方便、快捷,对直肠癌的诊断及术前TN分期准确性高,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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滇池流域宝象河水库沉积物中有机碳的来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对滇池流域宝象河水库沉积物TOC、TN、C/N、δ13C及粒度等指标的测定,分析了沉积物中有机碳的主要来源及其变化趋势。结果表明:水体中不同位置沉积物有机碳来源并不相同,距三岔河入库河口相对较近的沉积柱芯A中C/N比值介于2.93~11.73,δ13C值介于-23.66‰~-21.78‰,有机碳主要来源于水生生物,陆源输入贡献较小,有机碳含量受粒径大小影响显著;距三岔河入库河口相对较远的沉积柱芯B中,其TOC和TN含量较高,分别介于14.62~24.93 g?kg-1和2.11~3.3 g?kg-1,δ13C值变化范围为-28.36‰~-26.36‰,粒度以黏土和细粉砂为主,有机碳主要来源于水库周边陆源输入,受人类活动影响强烈。 相似文献