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井孔水温对远场巨震同震响应及其机制的数模研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
热量的流动必然伴随着温度的改变,地震活动期间的井孔水温同震响应也服从热力学的基本规律。本文以汶川8.0级地震和日本福岛9.0级地震为例,以海口ZK26井水温同震响应的观测数据为基础,运用热力学传导方程的数值模拟方法,研究了同震响应过程中井孔水温度变化与热量传导之间的关系及相关的热力学机制问题。通过正演的方法,得出沿井深方向不同时刻水温同震响应变化的数值模拟曲线,水温数值模拟曲线与实际测量数据一致。研究结果表明,井孔中水温同震响应方式（上升、下降或不变）,与水温传感器的位置、热源的位置和分布、传感器与热源之间的相对空间等因素有关。 相似文献
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Worldwide pesticide usage has increased dramatically during the last three decades, coinciding with changing practices and increasing by intensive agriculture. This widespread use of pesticides for agricultural and non‐agricultural purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environmental matrices. The occurrence of pesticides and their metabolite transported in rivers, channels, lakes, sea, air, soils, groundwater, and even drinking water, proves the high risk of these chemicals to human health and the environment. Therefore, pesticide removal is of an increasing concern. In this study, a review of the published literature dealing with pesticides removal process is presented. Firstly, pesticide removal by conventional means is briefly considered. Secondly, the use of the low‐cost sorbent through biosorption process is discussed comprehensively. The effect of factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, initial pesticide concentration, and optimization of biosorption conditions is also discussed. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanism studies are also given. This study shows that both microorganisms and other materials with biological origin like agricultural by‐products may be used to this end. There is a significant potential for pesticide uptake by the use of various pristine and especially modified biosorbents. In the case of living organisms used as removal agents, degradation may also play a role in the total removal observed. 相似文献
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Michael O. Schwartz 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(7):1485-1488
Moral philosophy applied to nuclear waste disposal can be linked to paradigmatic science. Simple thermodynamic principles
tell us something about rightness or wrongness of our action. Ethical judgement can be orientated towards the chemical compatibility
between waste container and geological repository. A container-repository system as close as possible to thermodynamic equilibrium
is ethically acceptable. It aims at unlimited stability, similar to the stability of natural metal deposits within the Earth’s
crust. The practicability of the guideline can be demonstrated. 相似文献
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朱世德 《成都信息工程学院学报》1992,(1)
熵与过程的不可逆性、系统的混乱度、能量的转变含量、状态的稳定性都有一定的联系。本文从克劳修斯熵单词出发,介绍能量品质的含义,讨论能量退化现象,证明能量退化原理,从而阐明熵函数量度能量转变含量的物理意义。 相似文献
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A novel numerical method based on the finite element approach is established for the zero current method approach for calculating multi-species ionic diffusion. The proposed numerical method uses the direct calculation of the coupled set of equations in favor of the staggering approach. A one-step truly implicit time stepping scheme is adopted together with an implementation of a modified Newton–Raphson iteration scheme for search of equilibrium at each considered time step calculation. Results from the zero current case are compared with existing results from the solutions of the more general Gauss’ law method. 相似文献