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21.
The nucleus, coma, and dust jets of short-period Comet 19P/Borrelly were imaged from the Deep Space 1 spacecraft during its close flyby in September 2001. A prominent jet dominated the near-nucleus coma and emanated roughly normal to the long axis of nucleus from a broad central cavity. We show it to have remained fixed in position for more than 34 hr, much longer than the 26-hr rotation period. This confirms earlier suggestions that it is co-aligned with the rotation axis. From a combination of fitting the nucleus light curve from approach images and the nucleus' orientation from stereo images at encounter, we conclude that the sense of rotation is right-handed around the main jet vector. The inferred rotation pole is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the nucleus, consistent with a simple rotational state. Lacking an existing IAU comet-specific convention but applying a convention provisionally adopted for asteroids, we label this the north pole. This places the sub-solar latitude at ∼60° N at the time of the perihelion with the north pole in constant sunlight and thus receiving maximum average insolation. 相似文献
22.
Lu Jinghua Chen Gangyi 《成都信息工程学院学报》1989,(1)
本文采用地形活动坐标系,研究在二维运动条件下地形对局地天气气候的影响。指出:地形对气流的影响不仅与地形高度z有关,而且与地形的坡度α,下垫面的热力分布,近地层大气稳定度г,垂直交换系数k以及基流v等诸因素密切相关。其中下垫面温差,地形坡度和基流尤为重要。 相似文献
23.
本文用微分方程定性理论方法分析了地形对有限振幅Rossby波的稳定性影响。结果表明:地形北坡有利于波动出现不稳定,南坡使波动稳定;西坡使导式波动不稳定但使曳式波动稳定,东坡使导式波动稳定但使曳式波动不稳定。 相似文献
24.
Four co-ignimbrite plumes were generated along the flow path of the pyroclastic flow of 7 August 1980 at Mount St. Helens.
Three of the plumes were generated in discrete pulses which can be linked to changes in slope along the channel. One plume
was generated at the mouth of the channel where the flow decelerated markedly as it moved onto the lower slopes of the pumice
plain. Plume generation here may be triggered by enhanced mixing due to a hydraulic jump associated with an abrupt slope change.
Measurements of plume ascent velocity and width show that the co-ignimbrite plumes increased in velocity with height. The
plumes have initial velocities of 1–2 m/s. Two of the plumes reached a velocity maximum (4.6 and 8.8 m/s, respectively, at
heights of 270 and 315 m above the flow) and thereafter decelerated. The other plumes reached velocities of 6.2 and 13 m/s.
The four plumes become systematically less energetic downstream as measured by their ascent rates, which can be interpreted
as a consequence of decreasing interaction of the pyroclastic flow front with the atmosphere. Theoretical models of both co-ignimbrite
plumes and discrete co-ignimbrite clouds assume that there is no initial momentum, and both are able to predict the observed
acceleration stage. The rising plumes mix with and heat air and sediment out particles causing their buoyancy to increase.
Theoretical models agree well with observations and suggest that the initial motion of the ascending material is best described
as a discrete thermal cloud which expands as it entrains air, whereas the subsequent motion of the head may become influenced
by material supplied from the following plume. The models agree well with observations for an initial temperature of the ash
and air mixture in the range of 500–600 K, which is in turn consistent with the measured initial ash temperature of around
920 K. Ash masses of 3.4×105 to 1.8×106 kg are estimated.
Received: 11 January 1996 / Accepted: 7 October 1996 相似文献
25.
Topodata: Brazilian full coverage refinement of SRTM data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Márcio de Morisson Valeriano Dilce de Fátima Rossetti 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):300-309
This work presents the selection of a set of geostatistical coefficients suitable for a unified SRTM data refinement from 3″ to 1″ through kriging over the entire Brazilian territory. This selection aimed at data potential for geomorphometric derivations, given by the preservation of detailed geometric characteristics of the resulting digital elevation models (DEM), which are sensitive to refining procedures. The development contained a long-term experimentation stage, when data refinement through kriging was locally developed to support distinct regional projects, followed by a unified selection stage, where the acquired experience was applied to select a single and unified interpolation scheme. In this stage, the selected geostatistical models with promising performances were tested for unified refinement on 40 Brazilian areas with distinct geological settings. Tested areas encompass reliefs varying from mountainous to plain. The effects of data preparation were observed on the perception of patterns (texture and roughness), as well as of singularities (edges, peaks, thalwegs etc.). Results were evaluated mainly through the examination of shaded reliefs, transects and perspectives observed in different scales. Terrains with low slopes and small amplitudes had their DEM promptly affected by the refining methods, as opposed to mountainous terrains. The evaluation, unambiguously confirmed by all consulted interpreters, converged into a refining model with outstanding performance in all tested conditions. 相似文献
26.
利用多途径探测与再分析资料,通过诊断分析、数值模拟和敏感性试验,对2008年7月20~21日一次高原涡东移诱生西南涡并引发川中特大暴雨的天气过程进行了初步分析,探讨了西南涡特大暴雨发生的中尺度环境场特征,特殊地形和非绝热物理过程在高原涡东移诱生西南涡特大暴雨中的作用。结果表明,高原涡形成后沿高原东北侧下滑,在四川盆地诱生出西南涡,川中特大暴雨在西南涡形成过程中由强中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的活动造成。高原涡东移诱生的低层偏东气流在川西高原东侧地形的动力强迫抬升作用下,释放对流有效位能激发出MCSs产生强降水,降水凝结潜热加热反馈驱动西南涡快速发展。地形的动力作用仅能形成浅薄的西南涡,降水凝结潜热的加入才能使西南涡充分发展。高原涡的发展主要受地面热通量影响,它的发展与否在很大程度上决定西南涡能否形成。盆地周边高大山脉对西南涡的位置分别有不同程度的影响,而盆地周边高大山脉上叠加的中小尺度地形对西南涡和暴雨带的整体位置影响不大,在一定程度上影响暴雨的落区。 相似文献
27.
mKdV Equation for Solitary Rossby Waves with Linear Topography Effect in Barotropic Fluids 下载免费PDF全文
The modify Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations, governing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves, are derived from quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation by using the perturbation method. The result manifests that the linear topography effect with the change of latitude can induce solitary Rossby wave. 相似文献
28.
Hung-Ming Lin Shun-Kung Chang Jian-Hong Wu C. Hsein Juang 《Engineering Geology》2009,104(3-4):280-289
This paper is aimed at creating an empirical model for assessing failure potential of highway slopes, with a special attention to the failure characteristics of the highway slopes in the Alishan, Taiwan area prior to, and post, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. The basis of the study is a large database of 955 slope records from four highways in the Alishan area. Artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to “learn” from this database. The developed ANN model is then used to study the effect of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the slope failure characteristics in the Alishan area. Significant changes in the degrees of influence of several factors (variables) are found and possible reasons for such changes are discussed. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that the developed ANN models are used as a tool to investigate the slope failure characteristics before and after the Chi-Chi earthquake. 相似文献
29.
中亚地区的地貌自中生代以来发生过两次巨变:一次是青藏高原的隆起,另一次是中生代中国东部高原及其西侧共存的中亚准平原的兴衰。青藏高原的隆起引起了全球气候和中亚环境的巨变。对此,自80年代以来开展的国际合作已经在地质学和地球物理学等研究领域取得了丰硕的成果。不过,在解释高原隆升-气候变化-剥蚀作用的相互关系方面仍存歧见。相比之下,中亚地区中生代的地貌巨变尚属新的研究课题。人们认识到,中亚地区在中侏罗世至新近纪曾存在一个准平原,而在中国东部则存在一个中生代高原。这一中生代地貌巨变引发出许多新的思考,如:为什么这一中生代准平原能保存长达150 Ma?中国东部高原是怎样形成的,又是怎样消失的?这两次地貌巨变及其相关的岩石圈动力学将是“TOPO?CENTRAL?ASIA”这一国际岩石圈计划项目的研究主题。 相似文献
30.