Assistance networks in seafood trade – A means to assess benefit distribution in small-scale fisheries     

《Marine Policy》2017

This article addresses the connections between value chain actors in the tropical-marine small-scale fisheries of Zanzibar, Tanzania, to contribute to a better understanding of the fisher-trader link and how connections in general might feed into livelihood security. A sample of 168 fishers and 130 traders was taken across 8 sites through questionnaires and observations. The small-scale fishery system is mapped using a value chain framework both traditionally and from a less economic point of view where the assistance-exchange networks between fishery actors add another layer of complexity. Auxiliary actors previously disregarded emerge from the latter method thus shedding light on the poorly understood distribution of benefits from seafood trade. Female actors participate quite differently, relative to males in the market system, detached from high-value links such as the tourist industry, and access to predetermined or secured sales deals. Data shows that the fisher-trader link is not as one-sided as previously presented. In fact it has a more symbiotic exchange deeply nested in a broader trading and social system. Expanding the analysis from this link by taking a further step downstream highlights traders’ own sales arrangements and the social pressures they are under in realizing them. A complex picture, inclusive of diversified perspectives, on interactions in the market place is presented, as well as a reflection on the remaining critical question: how to integrate this type of data into decisions about future fisheries governance.  相似文献   

Measuring capital value in a commercial fishery: A distance function approach     

《Marine Policy》2017

The term “overcapitalized” is frequently used to describe the condition of various fisheries, and to explain why a fishery is in poor condition from a stock status perspective. Often, the concept of overcapitalization is associated with the number of active vessels in a fishery. Although vessel counts are important, they do not fully capture investment or disinvestment in a fishery, and only serve as a crude proxy for a richer concept of fishing capital. A better measure to judge whether overcapitalization is occurring would be the change in capital value for vessels operating, or permitted in a fishery, relative to a benchmark value. Unfortunately, data do not always exist to measure vessel value and associated changes through time. This study presents a method for calculating vessel capital value using a distance function, publicly available vessel sale price data, and non-parametric programming methods. Estimates of value for vessel attributes returned by the distance function are then used to estimate a total value for currently permitted vessels in the northeast region of the United States, and to construct a capital value index for vessels active in the squid, mackerel and butterfish (SMB) fishery between 1996 and 2016. Findings show that the total value of commercially permitted vessels in the northeast region is estimated to be between $606.6 and $769.7 million ($2016). Based on the constructed capital value index, the SMB fishery has undergone a period of disinvestment marked by both declining vessel numbers and capital value.  相似文献   

Relationship between North Pacific SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008     

Jianbo Wang  Lei Fan  Qinyu Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(1):11-15

Based on the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data, the relationship between the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Pacific and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008 is analyzed in this study. The SSTA mode most correlated with the Geopotential Height anomalies (GHAs) in January 2008 in the North Pacific exhibited a basin-wide horseshoe pattern with a warm center in November 2007. This persistent SSTA pattern would induce positive GHAs in the Aleutian Low area and East Asia and the northward extension of the West Pacific Subtropical High in January 2008 by maximum diabatic heating in the atmosphere over the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) area, leading to the occurence of the circumpolar trough-ridge wave train anomaly in January 2008.  相似文献   

基于多源遥感数据的生态系统保育土壤价值评估——以河北省北部四地市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许旭  李晓兵  韩念龙 《国土资源遥感》2011,(3):123-129

为了给合理地利用土地资源和科学地进行环境保护提供依据,利用多源遥感影像数据,结合气象数据、土壤属性数据与DEM,对河北北部地区生态系统的土壤保持量进行了评估,并参考《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,对生态系统保护土壤肥力的价值与固土价值进行了评估.结果表明,研究区2008年度生态系统的土壤保持总量达到7.55亿t,对应...  相似文献   

A note of caution when interpreting parameters of the distribution of excesses     

Pierre Ribereau  Philippe NaveauArmelle Guillou 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(10):1215-1221

In climatology and hydrology, univariate Extreme Value Theory has become a powerful tool to model the distribution of extreme events. The Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) is routinely applied to model excesses in space or time by letting the two GPD parameters depend on appropriate covariates. Two possible pitfalls of this strategy are the modeling and the interpretation of the scale and shape GPD parameters estimates which are often and incorrectly viewed as independent variables. In this note we first recall a statistical technique that makes the GPD estimates less correlated within a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation approach. In a second step we propose novel reparametrizations for two method-of-moments particularly popular in hydrology: the Probability Weighted Moment (PWM) method and its generalized version (GPWM). Finally these three inference methods (ML, PWM and GPWM) are compared and discussed with respect to the issue of correlations.  相似文献   

浙江庆元古银坑硐群遗迹特征及价值评价          下载免费PDF全文

丁晓光  廖克武  潘池泓 《江苏地质》2013,37(4):663-667

通过对庆元古银坑硐群遗迹的详细调查,查明了该硐群特征。遗迹区共有古矿硐群7处,其中4个规模较大的矿硐长度均在百米以上,最大矿硐共分3层进行开采,垂直落差百米以上。遗迹区内各种规格探采硐保存完整,探矿遗迹数量多,矿业遗迹类型丰富。通过对该遗迹区的价值评价,该矿硐群遗迹可达到国家级矿业遗迹标准。  相似文献   

A value chain approach to crisis response system: the case of Qingdao     

Jian Hua Li  Zheng Ping Zhang  Rui Huan Jing  Chong Fu Huang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(4):485-492

In this paper, we introduce a value chain approach, on the view of the value chain analytic in business management, to be the framework of a crisis response system serving for crisis management strategy in identifying risk sources, responding to unexpected events, and recovering from a shock. This system is not only a computer system but also a system of governmental emergency response mechanism and it is tremendous and complex. The system integrates and coordinates the correlative resources of emergency response units of the city. We consider the efficiency of the system. In addition, the run cost of the system also is taken into account. Based on this framework, the Qingdao’s practical situation is analyzed. As a result, a design proposal of the Qingdao’s crisis response system is put forward.  相似文献   

地磁转换函数方法之典型震例及数模对比   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李琪  杨冬梅  张素琴  赵永芬  张建国 《地震》2005,25(3):85-90

转换函数零线等值图在2003年新疆伽师-巴楚M_L7.0地震前密集交汇, 震后开始发散, 进一步证实了地磁转换函数方法对预测地震的有效性。 同时, 为适应全国地磁台站的记录数据由模拟向数字化的转变, 对模拟数据和数字化数据从时间序列和转换函数计算结果两方面进行了对比, 为下一步使用数字化数据计算转换函数进行地震预测研究打下了基础。  相似文献   

中国北方春季沙尘暴频数与北半球500hPa高度场的SVD分析   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

唐红玉  翟盘茂  常有奎 《中国沙漠》2005,25(4):570-576

选取1957-2000年中国北方地区春季沙尘暴发生次数资料和北半球500hPa秋、冬、春季的平均高度场资料,对沙尘暴和高度场作SVD分析。结果表明,我国北方春季沙尘暴次数各地具有比较一致的变化趋势,表明可能与大尺度气候背景的变化有联系。变化的最敏感区域为内蒙古中西部地区、新疆西部、青海西部和东北地区。我国北方春季沙尘暴发生次数与同期及前期500hPa高度场有较好的相关关系,前期环流形势对春季沙尘暴频数有一定的指示和预测意义,冬季环流场尤其具有预报指示意义,因为前一年冬季北大西洋涛动对我国春季北方沙尘暴发生次数有影响。  相似文献   

黄土高原春季降水对青藏高原感热异常的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶燕华  李栋梁  陈晓光 《中国沙漠》2007,27(2):315-319

利用1961—2000年黄土高原56站的春季降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用SVD方法分析了黄土高原春季降水与青藏高原地面感热的关系。结果表明,黄土高原春季降水量与青藏高原地面感热的前两个模态代表了两场间的主要耦合特征,具有高度的时空相关。青藏高原感热对黄土高原降水影响最显著的区域在西部和南部、北部。前期高原感热场的第一、二模态对黄土高原春季干旱的预测具有指示意义。  相似文献