Recharge source and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in a complex alluvial fan system,southwest of North China Plain   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Fadong Li  Guoying Pan  Changyuan Tang  Qiuying Zhang  Jingjie Yu 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(5):1109-1122

Many cities around the world are developed at alluvial fans. With economic and industrial development and increase in population, quality and quantity of groundwater are often damaged by over-exploitation in these areas. In order to realistically assess these groundwater resources and their sustainability, it is vital to understand the recharge sources and hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in alluvial fans. In March 2006, groundwater and surface water were sampled for major element analysis and stable isotope (oxygen-18 and deuterium) compositions in Xinxiang, which is located at a complex alluvial fan system composed of a mountainous area, Taihang Mt. alluvial fan and Yellow River alluvial fan. In the Taihang mountainous area, the groundwater was recharged by precipitation and was characterized by Ca–HCO₃ type water with depleted δ¹⁸O and δD (mean value of −8.8‰ δ¹⁸O). Along the flow path from the mountainous area to Taihang Mt. alluvial fan, the groundwater became geochemically complex (Ca–Na–Mg–HCO₃–Cl–SO₄ type), and heavier δ¹⁸O and δD were observed (around −8‰ δ¹⁸O). Before the surface water with mean δ¹⁸O of −8.7‰ recharged to groundwater, it underwent isotopic enrichment in Taihang Mt. alluvial fan. Chemical mixture and ion exchange are expected to be responsible for the chemical evolution of groundwater in Yellow River alluvial fan. Transferred water from the Yellow River is the main source of the groundwater in the Yellow River alluvial fan in the south of the study area, and stable isotopic compositions of the groundwater (mean value of −8.8‰ δ¹⁸O) were similar to those of transferred water (−8.9‰), increasing from the southern boundary of the study area to the distal end of the fan. The groundwater underwent chemical evolution from Ca–HCO₃, Na–HCO₃, to Na–SO₄. A conceptual model, integrating stiff diagrams, is used to describe the spatial variation of recharge sources, chemical evolution, and groundwater flow paths in the complex alluvial fan aquifer system.  相似文献   

An operational multiscale system for hazards prediction, mapping, and response     

David P. Bacon  Nash’at N. Ahmad  Thomas J. Dunn  Michael C. Monteith  Ananthakrishna Sarma 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(3):317-327

By definition, a crisis is a situation that requires assistance to be managed. Hence, response to a crisis involves the merging of local and non-local emergency response personnel. In this situation, it is critical that each participant: (1) know the roles and responsibilities of each of the other participants; (2) know the capabilities of each of the participants; and (3) have a common basis for action. For many types of natural disasters, this entails having a common operational picture of the unfolding events, including detailed information on the weather, both current and forecasted, that may impact on either the emergency itself or on response activities. The Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) is a comprehensive package of hazard prediction models and casualty and damage assessment tools that provides a linkage between a modeled or observed effect and the attendant consequences for populations, infrastructure, and resources, and, hence, provides the common operational picture for emergency response. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is an atmospheric simulation system that links the latest methods in computational fluid dynamics and high-resolution gridding technologies with numerical weather prediction to provide specific weather analysis and forecast capability that can be merged into the geographic information system framework of CATS. This paper documents the problem of emergency response as an end-to-end system and presents the integrated CATS–OMEGA system as a prototype of such a system that has been used successfully in a number of different situations.  相似文献   

Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations and their influence on consequent mass movements (case studies from the highest part of the Czech Carpathians)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jan Hradecký  Tomáš Pánek 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(2):235-253

Gravitational spreading of mountain ridges displays primary disequilibrium of flysch mountain areas of the Czech Carpathians. The progression of various types of mass movements is a product of long-term ridge disintegration and is predisposed by the geological structure of the area and the upper Tertiary-Quaternary morphogenesis of the mountain area. Deep-seated slope deformations are spatially interconnected by the occurrence of some other types of slope deformations (e.g. debris flows, debris slides, slumps, rock avalanches, etc.), which pose a considerable risk for the existence of human society. An important causative factor in these dynamically developing hazardous processes is, among other factors, the way in which land has been used in the last three centuries. Therefore, the occurrence of various types of slope deformations is studied in terms of their relation to deep-seated gravitational deformations and in terms of other limiting factors (structural geological, morphological and climatic factors, manmade impacts, etc.). The paper presents several case studies of slope deformations (Velká Čantoryje Mt, Lysá hora Mt, Ropice Mt and Smrk Mt) in the area of the Outer Carpathians within the territory of the Czech Republic and also adverts to some consequences in terms of the socioeconomic structure of the landscape.  相似文献   

墨西哥湾GC238区冷泉碳酸盐岩的微结构与石化微生物特征     

杜江峰  刘招君  张雷  张健  任玉学  贺君玲  王建东 《沉积学报》2008,26(1):61-69

采于墨西哥湾GC238海底天然气渗漏区浅表层的冷泉碳酸盐岩呈结核状产出,由方解石微晶和胶结物及少量的黄铁矿构成。胶结物由直径为0.1～0.5 m的方解石化的球体、卵形体、棒状体组成,充填于方解石晶体之间。冷泉碳酸盐岩结核下表面发育有由方解石化的球体、卵形体、棒状体组成的薄层,其中的一些球状集合体（约5 m）断面显示发育有核和外壳的层圈结构。黄铁矿呈草莓状,也具有相似的层圈结构。这种层状结构与活体古细菌被硫酸盐还原细菌包裹的层圈结构相似。样品中所保存的球体、卵形体、棒状体及其所组成的层圈结构可能是石化的甲烷氧化古细菌和硫酸盐还原细菌。  相似文献   

甘新交界红柳河蛇绿岩形成和侵位年龄的准确限定及大地构造意义   总被引：18，自引：10，他引：8  

张元元  郭召杰 《岩石学报》2008,24(4)

采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年方法,获得新甘交界红柳河蛇绿岩中的堆晶辉长岩年龄为516.2±7.1Ma,代表了红柳河蛇绿岩的形成年龄;侵入到红柳河蛇绿岩中未变形变质的黑云母花岗岩的年龄为404.8±5.2Ma,限定了红柳河蛇绿岩侵位的上限。作为南天山洋壳的残骸,红柳河蛇绿岩新的可靠年龄数据表明,南天山洋在早寒武世已经开始形成,并于早泥盆世埃姆斯阶之前在红柳河地区已经闭合。上述洋盆演化过程对进一步研究东天山的大地构造演化具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

粤东南澳-澄海海域晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积环境演变     

孙金龙  徐辉龙  吴鹏  吴业彪  丘学林  詹文欢 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(3):30-36

通过对粤东南澳—澄海海域上第四系地层的沉积特征和年代学研究,结合陆区前人的资料,分析该区晚更新世以来的沉积环境演变特征。通过对钻孔资料的分析,将该区上第四系划分为3个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回均具有由粗变细的沉积韵律,一般由砾砂或中粗砂开始,以淤泥或黏土结束。通过对该区不同层位14C年代测定和分析,认为该区第四系沉积开始于晚更新世中期,与韩江三角洲平原区开始接受沉积的时代一致,这表明二者是作为一个整体同时开始接受沉积的。该区前两个沉积旋回形成于晚更新世,第三旋回形成于全新世。全新世后海平面波动对该区的影响并未像对内侧平原那么明显,说明该区进入全新世后沉积环境趋于稳定,相对变化较小。  相似文献   

Glass inclusions in volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin:constraints on magma genesis and evolution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yu Zenghui  Zhai Shikui  Li Xianzhong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(3):383-390

INTROOUcr1ONThe Okinawa Trough is a typical marginal back-arc basin, where its oPening began in rela-tively recent years* There is a great controversy about the origin of its initial magYna. haltand acid volcanic pumice make up the bimedal volcanism in the Okinawa Trough. MOSt of geol-ogists believed that the acid pumice was the preduct of extremely crystal fractionation of baseltInagTna, but the others argued that it should com from the melting of lower-crust. Som de-tailed petrolOgic…  相似文献   

试论东海陆架盆地的基底构造演化和盆地形成机制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李培廉  朱平 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,(3)

本文主要根据东海陆架盆地和周边的地质、地球物理资料,分析盆地的基底岩性特征、结构特征。认为东海陆架盆地的基底除元古界片麻岩外,还分布有一定范围的中生界及古生界。基底构造特征是纵向上多层次,横向上不均一,南北有别,东西分带。构造演化上经历了张、合、压、扭等复杂过程。  相似文献   

中太平洋铁锰结壳铅同位素研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周枫  凌洪飞  陆尊礼  蒋少涌 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(1):55-62

已有研究表明大洋中溶解的铅(Pb)来源于陆源物质，但是，对Pb进入大洋的途径争议很大。为此分析了取自中太平洋两块铁锰结壳样品的Pb同位素组成，获得了整个新生代的中太平洋Pb同位素演化历史。结果表明这两块结壳的Pb同位素随时间的演化曲线与中北太平洋沉积物岩心LL44-GPC3中风成碎屑的Pb同位素演化曲线相似。证实该区深水中的天然溶解铅主要来自风成粉尘，并且50Ma之前中太平洋中溶解Pb同位素组成主要取决于源自美洲的风成粉尘的输入，40Ma之后主要取决于源自亚洲的风成粉尘的输入。  相似文献   

耗散结构理论在判断南海热带气旋路径演变中的应用     

林丽珊 《热带海洋学报》1992,(3)

本文用耗散结构理论推导出南海热带气旋的移动公式,通过实际应用和实例检验,证明它对估计南海热带气旋路径演变有一定的实用价值。  相似文献