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81.
将信息熵指数分解为相对信息熵指数和绝对信息熵指数,以利于不同时空尺度横向差异与纵向差异的有效比较,并构造聚集度指数来直观反映中国农林牧渔业均匀分布状态所占的比例。20余年中,除个别年份外,全国、地带内和地带间农林牧渔业的绝对信息熵指数和相对信息熵指数起伏都不大,保持了较平稳的态势;全国、地带间及地带内的聚集度皆在70%以上,中国农林牧渔业呈现出小集中大分散的格局,而产值分布比从业人口分布更均衡。最后,通过劳动生产率区位商来描述从业人口与产值的对应关系。 相似文献
82.
A model of turbidity maximum maintenance in the Irish Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K.M. Ellis C.E. Binding D.G. Bowers S.E. Jones J.H. Simpson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):765-774
A two-dimensional model has been developed in order to improve understanding of the processes which interact to maintain the sediment concentrations at an isolated turbidity maximum in the Irish Sea throughout the year. The model comprises two interchangeable populations of particles with different diameters, one of fine cohesive material, the other made up of flocs. Both populations are slow settling, and subject to horizontal diffusion, resuspension, settling, aggregation and disaggregation.The equations used to describe the processes of aggregation and the break-up of flocs in response to sediment concentration and turbulent shear have been developed by the tuning of the model to observations. Due to high turbulent shear at the turbidity maximum, the particles are predominantly fine, while the sediment in the surrounding water is made up of larger flocs. Diffusion of small particles out of the turbidity maximum balanced by the diffusion of aggregated material towards it provides a mechanism for its maintenance. The modelled sediment concentrations at the turbidity maximum can be reproduced year-on-year, with no loss due to diffusive processes. This is achievable with a limited, exhaustible source of material which is not replenished once resuspended.Through comparison with satellite imagery the correlation of the modelled sediment concentrations with observations is investigated, both spatially and temporally. The seasonal cycle is reproduced well by the model with winter and summer concentrations matching those observed. Spatially the model also performs well in both turbid regions and those where the surface sediment load is low. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTDot maps have become a popular way to visualize discrete geographic data. Yet, beyond showing how the data are spatially distributed, dot maps are often visually cluttered in terms of consistency, overlap, and representativeness. Existing clutter reduction techniques like jittering, refinement, distortion, and aggregation also address this issue, but do so by arbitrarily displacing dots from their exact location, removing dots from the map, changing the spatial reference of the map, or reducing its level of detail, respectively. We present BinSq, a novel visualization technique to compare variations in dot density patterns without visual clutter. Based on a careful synthesis of existing clutter reduction techniques, BinSq reduces the wide variety of dot density variations on the map to a representative subset of density intervals that are more distinguishable. The subset is derived from a nested binning operation that introduces order and regularity to the map. Thereafter, a dot prioritization operation improves the representativeness of the map by equalizing visible data values to correspond with the actual data. In this paper, we describe the algorithmic implementation of BinSq, explore its parametric design space, and discuss its capabilities in comparison to six existing clutter reduction techniques for dot maps. 相似文献
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针对四川省的城镇化进程与城市空间格局,采用了分形理论法,对四川省城镇体系的等级规模结构和空间结构进行了研究。得出了四川省城镇体系总体特征,可对四川省今后的区域规划提供借鉴参考作用。 相似文献
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Abstract. The dispersion pattern of mciobenthic harpacticoid copepods was measured on a mudflat at different tidal conditions. Samples were collected using a 5 times 5 array of contiguous cores (8 mm ID), and analyzed by spatial autocorrelation (MOHAN'S I statistic). Four species were abundant, and all were judged to be patchy by autocorrelation. The apparent scale of patchincss did not differ with tidal stage. Three species were aggregated at very small spatial scales (0.5 to 1cm2 ), with patches probably distributed at random within a sampling array. The fourth species was also aggregated at the smallest spatial scale (neighboring cores), but may have been regularly spaced at distances longer than 5 cm. This study shows that processes on the order of several cm2 must dictate the patch dynamics of small metazoans. 相似文献