Agricultural policy reforms and sustainable land management: a New Zealand case study     

William Smith  Lindsay Saunders 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(2):112-118

This paper examines the link between poverty and land management within the context of New Zealand's almost total removal of subsidies to agriculture since 1984. The impact of these policy changes is explored through the findings from a detailed study of sixteen farms in the North Island hill country. Stress is identified as a primary link between social damage and environmental degradation. This link reinforces the impact of other linkages expressed in reduced production, lower stocking rates, and reduced capital inputs. Deregulation is claimed to be good. This paper shows that in certain circumstances this is not so.  相似文献   

Issues of Spatial and Temporal Variability in Climate Impact Studies     

Gregory J. Carbone 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(1):30-40

The accuracy of impact estimates relating climate change to regional-scale agricultural production is constrained by the temporal and spatial resolution of climate change projections. Several techniques have been used to compensate for these limitations in order to provide reasonable estimates of the impact of climate change on crop yield. One approach assumes that variability over time can substitute for spatial variability, thereby reducing the need to estimate the impacts at a spatially dense network of stations—an assumption that has not been generally tested. This study evaluates this assumption using methods similar to those employed in the climate impact literature. The findings suggest that current practices are generally defensible if the goal is to provide a range of possible crop responses to climate change. However, the results also show that the assumption is highly sensitive to specific interactions at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface and, consequently, does not hold under certain circumstances.  相似文献   

湖北大别山区土地资源生产力估算     

张安录  谭传凤 《山地学报》1993,(1)

本文以湖北大别山区为例,提出了自然条件复杂,资料缺乏的山区土地资源第一性生产力的估算方法,并计算了湖北大别山区土地资源的生产力。即在土地资源带及类型(组合)区划分的基础上,以资源类型(组合)区为基本单元,通过典型地区抽样获取资料,运用多种数学模型测算,并经过综合判定,求得各类型(组合)区,资源带主要作物的第一性生产力。  相似文献   

The role and value of local knowledge in Jamaican agriculture: adaptation and change in small-scale farming     

CLINTON BECKFORD  DAVID BARKER† 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(2):118-128

Local knowledge has played an active role in the lives of rural communities in virtually every part of the world. In Jamaica, traditional cropping systems based on local informal knowledge have been practiced since the days of slavery and play a vital role in meeting food security. Yet, some negative attitudes remain about the legitimacy and relevance of small-scale farmers' local and traditional knowledge. This paper discusses some conceptual and empirical issues related to the application of local knowledge among small-scale food farmers in central Jamaica. The paper argues that contextually speaking, local and traditional knowledge is valuable, adaptable and necessary in coping with risk and uncertainty in a changing world, while cautioning against a misguided notion of traditional knowledge as a panacea to all the ills of local agriculture.  相似文献   

节水灌溉与农业面源污染控制研究--以新疆焉耆盆地为例   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

靳孟贵  刘延锋  董新光  周金龙 《地质科技情报》2002,21(1):51-54

针对我国北方农业面源污染面积大、分布广、控制难的问题，通过分析新疆焉耆盆地水资源利用现状、潜水位动态、农田排水特征，认为大水漫灌不仅浪费水资源，造成肥料流失，降低产量，而且污染水体，导致土壤次生盐渍化；提出了推广节水灌溉、合理开发利用水资源、控制农业面源污染、综合治理环境的有效途径。  相似文献   

我国中部地带农业现代化建设途径探讨     

黎勇  刘新平  王克林  高昌海 《地域研究与开发》2001,20(2):72-76

中部地带是我国农业的精华地带，目前，我国农业发展中面临的部分农产品结构性剩余严重，市场竞争力弱，农业劳动生产率和土地生产力低而不稳，农民收入增长放慢，农业持续发展的后劲不足等问题在中部地带表现更为典型，探索中部地带农业现代化建设的实施途径对于研究和解决当前我国农业发展面临的诸多问题都具有重要的作用。中部地带农业现代化途径主要是：整体规划，分类推进，极点突破；改革城乡户口隔离机制，加速农村城镇化；创新土地流转机制，培育规模经济的现代农业市场主体；创新科技机制，发挥高科技对农业的带动作用；拓宽农产品加工领域加大农产品市场建设力度。  相似文献   

Land use changes in the environs of Moscow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Grigory Ioffe  & Tatyana Nefedova 《Area》2001,33(3):273-286

This paper focuses on several aspects of land use change in Russia during the 1990s with a particular focus on the environs of Moscow. These aspects include modes of farming, recreation, ownership of land, and concentric zones of outwardly declining land use intensity that resemble Von Thunen's economic landscape. These zones are given special attention. In contrast to other land use aspects, the analysis of which indeed reveals a fair amount of change bringing the environs of Russian cities one step closer to their Western counterparts, concentric agricultural land use patterns with outwardly declining productivity suggest continuity rather than change.  相似文献   

西部大开发中的农业结构调整思考   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

侯京林 《干旱区地理》2001,24(2):113-117

西部地区的农业发展直接影响到我国国民经济是否能够持续快速健康的发展，这是由于我国是农业大国，农业人口大约占全国人口比例的80％，而实现西部地区持续健康发展的关键在于对传统农业产业结构的调整，提高农业增长的结构变动效益，树立大农业观念，延长农业产业链，在联产承包责任制的基础上通过经营权的集中规模种植，达到实现农业结构调整生态化和产业一体化目标。西部地区在大开发战略实施中，如何将自身的发展环境劣势转变为优势，提出了农业结构调整模式的构想。  相似文献   

农业资源高效利用评价指标体系初步研究   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

徐勇 《地理科学进展》2001,20(3):240-246

本文从农业自然再生产和经济再生产统一体和整体性的角度出发 ,在阐述构建农业资源高效利用评价指标体系宜遵循的基本原则的基础上 ,通过对农业资源的农业生产行为特征及高效利用途径进行系统分析 ,筛选、构建和设计出了农业资源高效利用评价指标体系 ,并对其中的重要指标进行了讨论。  相似文献   

论河西绿洲灌区节水型集约持续农业之发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄高宝  胡恒觉 《地域研究与开发》1996,15(4):30-32,36

通过分析河西绿洲农业区光能、土地、水、矿藏资源优势，对该区的粮食生产力、种植业结构调整、畜牧业、农畜产品加工业生产力进行了估算，指出在计划经济向市场经济转轨，粗放经营向集约经营转变的过程中面临的突出问题。河西绿洲农业可持续发展的出路在于建设高标准永久性农田、开发节水农业技术体系、建设节粮型商品化牧业基地、兴工致富、兴办农业高新技术示范园区，促进农业由劳动集约向资本和技术集约转变。  相似文献