黔西北乐开铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自硫、铅同位素的证据     

肖宪国  李波  何志威  王景腾  魏庆喜  万新 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):806-822

赋存于泥盆系望城坡组白云岩中的乐开铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区,主要发育似层状矿体,具有典型的“逆(逆断裂)导-张(张断裂)运-岩(受断裂影响的碳酸盐岩破碎空间被碳质黏土岩圈闭形成的有利岩性组合)储”构造控矿模式。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,发育(网)脉状、角砾状、浸染状等构造与交代、充填、共边等结构,后生成矿特征明显。硫化物δ³⁴S值为11.1‰~18.1‰(均值约14.7‰),明显高于幔源岩浆硫的δ³⁴S值,与泥盆纪同期海水硫酸盐的δ³⁴S值相近,显示硫化物中的还原硫可能是赋矿地层中的高溶解度硫酸盐热化学反应(TSR)的产物。硫化物铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为18.400‰~18.767‰(均值为18.565‰);²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.660‰~16.058‰(均值为15.791‰);²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.580‰~39.432‰(均值为39.059‰),变化范围相对较大。铅同位素的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解与△γ-△β图解显示明显的壳源特征,同时暗示沉积岩石与基底岩石共同提供了成矿物质。综合矿床地质、硫化物硫、铅同位素特征,笔者认为乐开铅锌矿床的成矿过程为盆地流体循环萃取沉积岩石与基底岩石的金属元素后形成含矿流体,含矿流体被深大断裂导入上覆沉积地层的特殊构造部位(被碳质黏土岩圈闭的碳酸盐岩破碎空间)时,富含的热量导致沉积盖层中硫酸盐发生热化学反应(TSR),生成大量的S^2-,与含矿流体中的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺等金属阳离子结合成矿。乐开铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征与MVT型矿床类似,因此,乐开铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。成矿物质来源与矿床类型的确定有利于川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区同类型铅锌矿床的勘查与开发。  相似文献   

运动速度对褶皱—冲断带的构造变形样式的影响分析——来自硅胶和石英砂组合模型的模拟启示     

何文刚  李生红  刘重庆  赵远雯  骆忧 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022082008-2022082008

运动速度与构造样式之间或许存在一定的内在联系,充分认识它们之间的关系对理解自然界的构造变形演化过程具有十分重要意义。为此,笔者等结合野外露头观察,开展了脆—韧性结构条件下,不同的变形速率对褶皱—冲断带的构造样式影响的物理模拟测试分析。结果表明：① 高应形速率形成以前冲为主的构造样式,中等应形速率形成以前冲和后冲为主的构造样式,而低应形速率则形成以纯后冲为主的构造样式。② 构造变形样式的差异主要是物质内部的应力状态所决定的：褶皱—冲断带的根带,脆性层剪应力大于基底韧性层的剪应力,形成以前冲断裂为主的构造样式; 而褶皱—冲断带的中段和前缘地区,脆性层的剪应力和基底韧性层的剪应力较为接近,形成后冲和对称性冲起构造为主。③ 构造地质体的变形速率很可能决定了其存在的物质状态。葡萄牙南部滨岸带的布丁构造和北美卡斯卡底古陆的纯后冲构造等特殊的构造样式极有可能是在差异的变形速率下形成。  相似文献   

Perihelion motion of small irregular dust particles due to radiation forces     

J. Kla?ka  F. Kundracík 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(4):379-393

Perihelion motion, i.e. a secular change of longitude of perihelion, of interplanetary dust particles is investigated under the action of solar gravity and solar electromagnetic radiation. As for spherical particle [Kla?ka, J., 2004. Electromagnetic radiation and motion of a particle. Cel. Mech. Dynam. Astron. 89, 1-61]: (i) perihelion motion is of the order ( is heliocentric velocity of the meteoroid and c is the speed of light in vacuum), if a component of electromagnetic radiation acceleration is considered as a part of central acceleration; (ii) perihelion motion is of the first order in if the total electromagnetic radiation force is considered as a disturbing force. The new facts presented in this paper concern irregular dust particles. Detailed numerical calculations were performed for the grains ejected at aphelion of comet Encke. Perihelion motion for irregular interplanetary dust particles exists already in the first order in for both cases of central accelerations. Moreover, perihelion motion of irregular particles exhibits both positive and negative directions during the particle orbital motion. Irregularity of the grains causes not only perihelion motion, but also dispersion of the dust in various directions, also normal to the orbital plane of the parent body.  相似文献   

The Tully-Fisher relations of the Eridanus group of galaxies     

A. Omar  K. S. Dwarakanath 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2006,27(1):7-23

The Tully-Fisher (TF) or the luminosity-linewidth relations of the galaxies in the Eridanus group are constructed using the HI rotation curves and the luminosities in the optical and in the near-infrared bands. The slopes of the TF relations (absolute magnitudevs log2V _flat) are −8.6 ± 1.1, −10.0 ±1.5, −10.7 ±2.1, and −9.7 ±1.3 in the R, J, H, and K bands respectively for galaxies having flat HI rotation curves. These values of the slopes are consistent with those obtained from studies of other groups and clusters. The scatter in the TF relations is in the range 0.5-1.1 mag in different bands. This scatter is considerably larger compared to those observed in other groups and clusters. It is suggested that the larger scatter in the TF relations for the Eridanus group is related to the loose structure of the group. If the TF relations are constructed using the baryonic mass (stellar +HI + Helium mass) instead of the stellar luminosity, nearly identical slopes are obtained in the R and in the near-infrared bands. The baryonic TF (baryonic massvs log2V _flat) slope is in the range 3.5–4.1.  相似文献   

A model of sand transport in Treporti channel: northern Venice lagoon     

Georg Umgiesser  Francesca De Pascalis  Christian Ferrarin  Carl L. Amos 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(3-4):339-351

The origin of the sands in the Venice lagoon has been the subject of an extensive field survey in parallel with numerical modelling. Four transects along Treporti and Burano canals were conducted from which 33 bottom sediment samples were collected. These samples were analysed for grain size and sorting to examine any trends in the granulometry of these sediments that might shed light on transport paths. The modelling study consists of three parts: the sediment transport model sedtrans96 was used with a finite-element hydrodynamic model (Shyfem) and an empirical wave model (US Army Corps of Engineering) to simulate sand transport in the Treporti canal. A type of link box model was created where finite elements of the hydrodynamic model have been combined to macro-boxes on which the water and sediment flux over the sections, and a mass balance has been computed. Several grain size classes were simulated; the distributions before and after the simulation were examined. Idealised wind and tidal values were initially used to force 12 h simulations to test the sediment transport sensitivity. Finally, a full-year simulation (1987) has been carried out using measured tidal and wind data. Only a part of Venice lagoon was covered by the simulation: a major channel (Treporti) running from Lido inlet towards the northern lagoon. The total sand transport through all of the sections was computed for 1 year. Sediment mass balance was determined, and the resulting trends of erosion and deposition were computed. There were no trends in the median grain diameter and sorting of bottom samples from the Treporti canal; all sands were fine (120 μm, one outlier of 300 μm was removed). The absence of a trend in grain size suggests that there is no significant import of sand to the lagoon through the Lido inlet. The results from the simulations seem therefore to confirm the hypothesis of reworking of sand within the lagoon. The computed erosion is some centimeters per year diagnostic of channel scouring and enlargement with time. The Treporti canal is subject to strong current velocities of around 1 m/s, which hold fine sand in suspension and thus prevent sedimentation.  相似文献   

长春市粘性土建筑基坑悬臂桩支护设计计算方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王庆华  郑毅 《世界地质》2001,20(2):188-194

长春市建筑基坑支护一层地下室采用多悬臂桩支护体系，结合长春市粘性土为超固结土的特征，选用静力平衡法、Blum法、极限平衡法、试算法等4种常用的悬臂桩支护设计计算方法进行探讨，并在计算时对相应的计算参数进行适当调整，通过对比分析得出极限平衡法及其相应的参数值适合于长春市粘性土的悬壁桩支护设计计算。  相似文献   

反转构造与油气圈闭   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

陈昭年  陈发景 《地学前缘》1995,2(3):96-102

反转构造作为伸展盆地中的重要构造类型以及它对油气的聚集作用己成为石油地质界广泛重视的研究课题之一。盆地从拉张→挤压的构造反转对油气生成、运移和聚集有明显的控制作用。本文在综述反转构造的研究进展基础上，重点对伸展盆地反转构造构造样式、圈闭条件及其与油气聚集的关系进行了论述，旨在为我国东部含油气盆地中寻找与反转构造有关的油气藏提供科学基础。  相似文献   

Performance of the stereoscopic system of the HEGRA imaging air erenkov telescopes: Monte Carlo simulations and observations     

《Astroparticle Physics》1999,10(4):886

Based on the Monte Carlo simulations we have studied the performance of the HEGRA system of imaging air erenkov telescopes (IACTs) in its present configuration of 4 IACTs as well as in its future final configuration of 5 IACTs. Here we present the results on the basic characteristics of the IACT system which are used in the standard data analysis procedure, i.e., the collection areas, the detection rates, the angular resolution, the energy resolution, and the γ/hadron-separation efficiency. By comparing several key Monte Carlo predictions with experimental results it is possible to check the accuracy of the simulations. The Monte Carlo results concerning hadron-nuclear showers are tested with the recorded cosmic ray events and the results concerning photon-induced showers are tested with a large data sample of γ-rays observed from BL Lac object Mkn 501 during its high flaring activity in 1997. Summarizing the simulations and current observations we give the basic recommendations of using the instrument and the major values of its sensitivity.  相似文献   

Aerial perspective for shaded relief     

Bernhard Jenny  Tom Patterson 《制图学和地理信息科学》2021,48(1):21-28

ABSTRACT

Aerial perspective is an essential design principle for shaded relief that emphasizes high elevation terrain using strong luminance contrast and low elevations with low contrast. Aerial perspective results in a more expressive shaded relief and helps the reader to understand the structure of a landscape more easily. We introduce a simple yet effective method for adding aerial perspective to shaded relief that is easy to control by the mapmaker.  相似文献   

伊通地堑断层系统与构造样式   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10  

孙万军  刘宝柱  李本才  宋立中 《现代地质》2004,18(4):505-510

与走滑相关的盆地构造一般比较复杂,主要表现为断层系统较复杂和构造样式类型丰富。通过对三维地震资料进行系统的构造解析,结合区域地质和钻井资料的分析表明,伊通地堑的断层系统在平面上主要由近东西向的张性正断层和北东走向的张剪性断层组成,反映盆地具右旋走滑的应力体制;断层在演化序列上分为4个类型,与盆地的形成和演化之间存在良好的对应关系。地堑构造样式以"基底卷入型"为主,从盆地的动力学机制的角度,它属于"走滑—拉分型",进一步可将它概括为5种类型的构造样式,而且每一个断陷都以一种构造样式占主体,其展布具有明显的规律性。构造样式的差异是造成不同断陷具有独特油气分布规律的主导因素。  相似文献