羧乙基壳聚糖蒙脱石吸附养殖水体中Cu²⁺的应用     

李俭平  周忻宇  代婧炜  沈庆洲 《海洋科学》2020,44(2):120-130

为了寻求性能良好、环保吸附剂,用于去除养殖水体中重金属Cu~(2+),作者利用蒙脱石负载羧乙基壳聚糖制备成复合吸附剂,并利用IR、SEM、XRD等手段分析其表面性能,将其用于处理Cu~(2+)溶液,考察了环境因子对其吸附性能的影响,并从吸附动力学和吸附热力学角度分析吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附机理,最后考察其再生利用效果。结果表明:羧乙基壳聚糖成功进入到蒙脱石层间;在羧乙基壳聚糖与蒙脱石质量比为1︰25、40℃恒温水浴搅拌60min、pH=6.0、最佳投加量为4.0g/L、处理浓度不超过30 mg/L Cu~(2+)溶液时,复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)去除率可以达到96.23%,将其用于淡水养殖鱼塘水体中, Cu~(2+)去除后可达到《渔业水质标准》规定;吸附剂对Cu~(2+)吸附热力学实验结果表明,符合Langmuir模型,反应过程为自发、吸热反应;吸附动力学结果表明该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,反应属于化学吸附;再生实验中NaOH的再生效果优于HCl。  相似文献   

二次生烃机理在中下扬子高演化烃源岩评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林小云  刘建 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(5):99-104

在野外地质观察、油气地球化学和样品分析的基础上,通过总结二次生烃特征和生烃机理,将其应用到中下扬子区海相高演化烃源岩生烃潜力的评价。模拟实验结果表明,二次生烃具有明显的迟缓现象,也仍具有相对的生烃高峰,二次生烃量与一次生烃量的总和小于连续热演化的生烃量,这些特征都与一次生烃的演化程度密切相关,初始演化程度成为评价高演化烃源岩二次生烃潜力的关键因素。中下扬子区中—古生界发育的6套烃源岩中,下二叠统、下志留统和下寒武统烃源岩具有较强的生烃能力,是主要的烃源层。下古生界烃源岩进入生烃时间较早,在强烈的构造运动背景下,生成的油气难以保存;上古生界烃源岩热演化程度相对较低,燕山—喜山期的再次沉降地区成为二次生烃的供源区。因此,下古生界台地相区和上古生界烃源岩具有一定的二次生烃潜力。  相似文献   

Commercial scale invertebrate fisheries enhancement in Australia: Experiences,challenges and opportunities     

《Marine Policy》2015

Stock enhancement or “assisted recruitment” for fisheries management in Australia is at an experimental R&D phase. Development of the science has focused largely on finfish targeted by the recreational sector; however it is considered that high value invertebrates will be the best candidates for commercial scale fisheries enhancement. Three main ingredients are required; technical capacity, governance capability, and the ‘correct’ species. The technical capacity needed is in the area of hatchery production and wild release methodologies, whilst the governance capability needed is informed policy that accounts for the complexities and interdisciplinary nature of stock enhancement. In particular, the appropriate articulation of policy to support economic development and integration into wild fisheries is currently lacking. If successful stock enhancement is implemented, the nature of fisheries management changes because the recruitment side of the fisheries equation is under substantial control, rather than just the production side. Management responses will require significant innovation, with a renewed emphasis on understanding the stock, rather than policing the fishers. By way of illustration, recent initiatives and key challenges encountered in Australian invertebrate fisheries are investigated through case studies. An example of a commercially-viable enhancement fishery that reflects solutions to the key challenges is also presented. The review ends with an argument to re-establish the context of stock enhancement in the discipline of ecological enhancement. This is a crucial and positive step forward for it recognises that, in principle, any renewable aquatic ecosystem has the potential to be enhanced instead of just depleted.  相似文献   

人促天然更新米槠次生林与杉木人工林乔木层碳贮量分配特征比较     

李丽红 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2012,7(2)

以杉木人工林为对照,分析三明陈大人工促进天然更新形成的米槠次生林乔木层碳贮量及其随树种、径阶、高阶的分配特点．结果表明：米槠次生林乔木层物种丰富度高于杉木林,人促天然更新有利于保持乔木层的树种多样性．米槠次生林乔木层碳贮量为178．67t·hm^-2,高于杉木人工林（111．24t·hm^-2）．米槠次生林和杉木人工林均以单优树种碳贮量占绝对优势,但米槠次生林中大个体林木（大径阶、大高阶）的碳贮量远大于杉木人工林．与杉木人工林相比,米槠次生林呈现出异龄的林分结构,这可能是其能够保持高碳吸存和高树种丰富度的重要原因．  相似文献   

关于喀斯特石漠和石漠化概念的讨论   总被引：48，自引：7，他引：48  

李阳兵  王世杰  容丽 《中国沙漠》2004,24(6):689-695

喀斯特石漠化是近年来所认识到的一种地质生态灾害，所造成的经济、环境乃至社会影响越来越大，受到国家的广泛关注，但却存在生态建设超前、基础研究落后的严峻现实。本文总结了当前石漠化的类型划分和存在问题，从喀斯特生态系统运行的地学过程、生物学过程和人为过程出发，提出石漠化过程存在地质石漠化过程、生态系统石漠化过程和人为加速石漠化过程，对不同类型的石漠化宜分别采取保护、恢复、重建、维持措施。石漠和石漠化表达的时空范畴不同，是石漠化这一土地退化过程的最后或顶极结果，自然条件下其形成多与地表坡度较大有关，而人为加速石漠化过程中石漠化土地空间分布与地形坡度、地貌部位并无直接联系。建议以“干扰方式 植被 土壤 地貌”对人为加速石漠化过程导致的石漠化土地进行类型划分，评价的土地应分为非石漠化土地、行漠化土地和逆转优化的“基准化”土地。  相似文献   

Bromide removal and recovery with layered double hydroxides as an adsorbent     

Liang LU Jing HE Xiangjun PAN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):107-107

Grignard regents have been applied extensively in chemical industry, especially in pharmacy. A mass of bromide-containing wastewater was produced after reaction, and ozonation of these organic contaminants can produce bromate and other brominated pollutants. The US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） has established a maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L for bromate in finished water. Therefore, it is necessary and significant to remove the DBP （disinfection by-products） precursor - bromide. On the other hand, since the bromine is a valuable element, recovery of it from wastewater is significant. Bromide removal is important to control DBP （disinfection by-products） contaminant and an ion exchange process is one of several treatment processes for this purpose. Layered double hydroxides （LDHs） are useful as adsorbents for bromide removal because of theft ion exchange properties. In this study, the adsorption properties of LDHs for bromide and the method of regeneration of this material were examined. It has been found that the LDHs with Mg/Al molar ratio of 2 represented the highest capacity to remove bromide ion from aqueous solution at pH 6.0. The equilibrium isotherms of uptake of bromide by CLDH were well fitted by the Langmuir equation. Bromide adsorbed on the LDHs was effectively desorbed at 30% Na2CO3 solution and the LDHs were regenerated at the same time. The regenerated LDHs could be reused repeatedly for the bromide removal. Bromide in the exhausted desorption solution was recovered as bromine by oxidation using Cl2.  相似文献   

新疆塔里木河下游应急输水的生态效益   总被引：17，自引：14，他引：17  

郭英杰  许英勤  马彦华 《干旱区地理》2002,25(3):237-240

2000年5月中旬至7月中旬向塔里木河下游断流河段应急输水，历时60天，输水2亿m^3，其后对进水河段分5个断面考察了沿岸植被的生长发育、恢复状况、草本植物地表生物量，根系的分布与数量、植被的分布特点、土壤状况及地下水分布等，通过比较分析，初步结论如下：1、断流河道应急输水对沿岸植被恢复作用显著，其中草本植物效果明显，灌木次之，乔木较差；2、非风积土壤效果更佳；3、应急输水加人工保护与更新则效果更好。  相似文献   

沈阳铁西区社区弹性特征与成因分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈玉洁  张平宇 《地理科学》2018,38(11):1847-1854

基于问卷数据,运用统计分析、地理探测器,分析沈阳铁西区不同社区弹性差异、影响因素及其成因。研究发现：① 商品房社区社会弹性、制度弹性、社区资本分值高于单位社区;单位社区的经济弹性、物质弹性分值高于商品房社区。② 物质弹性、制度弹性对社区资本影响作用较为显著,社会弹性、经济弹性影响作用较小。③ 从制度转型、地方政府、经济发展、社区服务和社会与个人5方面探讨了沈阳铁西区社区弹性成因。沈阳铁西区在搬迁改造、产业转型等冲击下,城市更新过程表现出较强的适应能力和较弱的学习能力,这是社会弹性、经济弹性、制度弹性、物质弹性共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

EXPLANT AXENISATION FOR TISSUE CULTURE IN MARINE MACROALGAE     

刘学武  Bernard Kloareg 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1992,(3)

Unialgal explants from Luminaria digitata, and from a variety of red algae were obtained by hand removing the visible epiphytes, and stirring the tissue in the presence of glass beads. Two antibiotic mixtures were found to be efficient in removing the contaminating fungi and bacteria from the algae. The procedure proved suitable as a primary step in the tissue culture of the investigated species.  相似文献   

Making space for unruly water: Sustainable drainage systems and the disciplining of surface runoff     

Phil Jones  Neil Macdonald 《Geoforum》2007,38(3):534-544

This paper explores the disciplining of non-human actors through the example of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) managing surface water runoff. The lens of performativity is used to examine the move from pre-modern repressive forms of discipline, to mechanisms which attempt a more productive disciplinary engagement by finding space to reform water’s more unruly behaviours. After examining the problems with traditional disciplinary approaches to water of rapid transit and exile, the paper explores the implications of a move towards SuDS technology. This change is examined using a case study of Glasgow, Scotland, where there is an attempt to utilise less repressive disciplinary mechanisms and to find spaces in the city for surface water outside the hard drainage infrastructure. New approaches to the disciplining of urban water are conceptualised as being a performance of tension between water and those who would modify its behaviour.  相似文献