太湖区域三维湖陆风场数值模拟   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

逄勇  濮培民 《大气科学》1995,19(2):243-251

本文考虑太湖周围实际地形，建立了一个适合太湖区域复杂地形，满足静力平衡条件的三维非定常大气边界层数值模式，计算表明:模式运行十分稳定，与实际观测资料吻合较好。  相似文献   

AN ATMOSPHERIC MOTION EQUATION BUILT ON THE CONSERVATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE SOLID EARTH AND THE ATMOSPHERE ON SEASONAL-ANNUAL TIMESCALE          下载免费PDF全文

钱维宏  游性恬  丑纪范 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,(2)

Within the seasonal-annual timeseale,there exists an angular momentum conservative exchange relationship be-tween the solid earth and the atmosphere,and their angular momentum exchange not only can cause variations inlength-of-day(LOD)but also can express anomalies in atmospheric general circulation.Therefore,their angular mo-mentum exchange mechanism should be introduced into the general circulation model.Considering the angular momentum anomalous exchange caused by the air-earth interface friction effect,awhole-layer atmospheric motion equation is derived in this paper including the earth spin anomalous friction forceparameterized by using the change in the earth rotation rate.Through analysing the equation,it shows that the magni-tude of the earth spin anomalous friction force is the same as that of Coriolis force on seasonal-annual timescale.  相似文献   

海口西郊海岸地带低层大气结构研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

吴兑  陈位超  游积平  甘春玲  叶燕翔  毛伟康 《热带气象学报》1995,11(2):123-132

对在海南省海口市西郊观测到的低空风、温探测资料进行了综合分析，研究了位于我国北热带地区的海口市新海地区的边界平均结构以及海边低层贴地逆温与内热边界层发生、发展的观测实例，发现观测区在旱，雨季均可在强日照下形成内热边界层，海边混合层明显比内陆地区深厚。  相似文献   

S(IV) Autoxidation in Atmospheric Liquid Water: The Role of Fe(II) and the Effect of Oxalate     

Irena Grgićc  Marjeta Pozničc  Mirko Bizjak 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(1):89-102

The reactivity of dissolved iron compounds towards different pollutants and photooxidants in atmospheric liquid water depends upon the oxidation state and speciation of iron. Our measurements of the oxidation state of dissolved iron eluted from aerosol particles (Dae: 0.4–1.6 m) collected in the urban atmosphere of Ljubljana showed that a large fraction of the iron content is present as Fe(II). The concentration ratio [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] varied between 0.9 and 3.1. The kinetics of S(IV) autoxidation catalyzed by Fe(II) under the conditions representative for acidified atmospheric liquid water and the influence of oxalate on this reaction under dark conditions was investigated. The reaction rate is the same if Fe(II) or Fe(III) is used as a catalyst under the condition that Fe(II) can be oxidized in Fe(III), which is the catalytically active species. Oxalate has a strong inhibiting effect on the S(IV) autoxidation in the presence of Fe(II). The reaction is autocatalytic with an induction period, that increases with higher concentrations of oxalate. The inhibiting effect of oxalate differs according to whether iron is initially in the Fe(II) or Fe(III) state. However, in both cases the inhibition by oxalate is a result of the formation of complexes with the catalyst.  相似文献   

Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles     

Rolf Sander 《Surveys in Geophysics》1999,20(1):1-31

For detailed modeling of atmospheric chemistry it is necessary to consider aqueous-phase reactions in cloud droplets and deliquesced aerosol particles. Often, the gas-phase concentration is in equilibrium with the aqueous phase. Then Henrys law can be used to describe the distribution between the phases provided that the Henrys law coefficient is known. In some cases, thermodynamic equilibrium will not be reached and it is necessary to use kinetic expressions of the rates involved. These rates depend on diffusion constants, accommodation coefficients, Henrys law coefficients, particle size distributions, and several other parameters. This review describes how these processes can be treated in computer modeling and how the necessary data can be obtained. Even though it is written primarily for use in modeling atmospheric chemistry, some parts will also be useful for waste water and pesticide control and in other areas where the distribution of chemicals between the aqueous and the gas phase is important.  相似文献   

The importance of moisture distribution for the growth and energetics of mid-latitude systems     

V. Pavan  N. Hall  M. Blackburn 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(2):242-256

A primitive equation model is used to study the sensitivity of baroclinic wave life cycles to the initial latitude-height distribution of humidity. Diabatic heating is parametrized only as a consequence of condensation in regions of large-scale ascent. Experiments are performed in which the initial relative humidity is a simple function of model level, and in some cases latitude bands are specified which are initially relatively dry. It is found that the presence of moisture can either increase or decrease the peak eddy kinetic energy of the developing wave, depending on the initial moisture distribution. A relative abundance of moisture at mid-latitudes tends to weaken the wave, while a relative abundance at low latitudes tends to strengthen it. This sensitivity exists because competing processes are at work. These processes are described in terms of energy box diagnostics. The most realistic case lies on the cusp of this sensitivity. Further physical parametrizations are then added, including surface fluxes and upright moist convection. These have the effect of increasing wave amplitude, but the sensitivity to initial conditions of relative humidity remains. Finally, control and doubled CO₂ life cycles are performed, with initial conditions taken from the time-mean zonal-mean output of equilibrium GCM experiments. The attenuation of the wave resulting from reduced baroclinicity is more pronounced than any effect due to changes in initial moisture.  相似文献   

The role of dynamics in total ozone deviations from their long-term mean over the Northern Hemisphere     

K. Petzoldt 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(2):231-241

Total ozone anomalies (deviation from the long-term mean) are created by anomalous circulation patterns. The dynamically produced ozone anomalies can be estimated from known circulation parameters in the layer between the tropopause and the middle stratosphere by means of statistics. Satellite observations of ozone anomalies can be compared with those expected from dynamics. Residual negative anomalies may be due to chemical ozone destruction. The statistics are derived from a 14 year data set of TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer January 1979-Dec. 1992) and corresponding 300 hPa geopotential (for the tropopause height) together with 30 hPa temperature (for stratospheric waves) at 60°N. The correlation coefficient for the linear multiple regression between total ozone (dependent variable) and the dynamical parameters (independent variables) is 0.88 for the zonal deviations in the winter of the Northern Hemisphere. Zonal means are also significantly dependent on circulation parameters, besides showing the known negative trend function of total ozone observed by TOMS. The significant linear trend for 60°N is 3 DU/year in the winter months taking into account the dependence on the dynamics between the tropopause region and the mid-stratosphere. The highest correlation coefficient for the monthly mean total ozone anomalies is reached in November with 0.94.  相似文献   

东疆黑戈壁近地大气边界层气象要素季节变化规律     

阿吉古丽·沙依提  王远宏  王豫  刘永强 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(3):131-136

利用东疆红柳河黑戈壁下垫面陆气相互作用观测站2017年近地大气边界层梯度探测资料和红柳河气象站天气现象观测数据,分析该地区典型晴天条件下的近地层风速、温度和比湿的四季廓线特征。结果表明:四季近地层风廓线变化规律明显。典型晴天条件下,在0.5～4 m高度内风速随高度的增加而变大的速度较快,在4～32 m范围内,白天风速随高度增大较缓慢,但夜间出现快速增大;存在明显的夜间逆温,逆温层主要集中在4～32 m,冬季逆温强于夏季,晨间0.5～32 m间的温度差可达4.6℃,且红柳河四季的气温日较差均较大,秋季可达到15.7℃;夜间比湿高于白天,秋、冬季夜间逆湿层出现在10～32 m,其比湿差为0.15 g/kg左右,夏季无逆湿现象。  相似文献   

大气遥感最小二乘反演法最优方程的建立和效果研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王振会  李兰 《南京气象学院学报》1993,(1)

以“使反演误差均方达最小”为准则,用不同的回归方法寻求最优通道组合,建立大气温湿遥感最小二乘反演法最优方程,以避免因自变量过多产生计算病态而造成的回归系数不稳定。通过实例比较最优子集法、前进法、后退法、逐步回归法以及文中提出的单F逐步回归法和定M逐步回归法等各种方法所得方程的回归效果。单F和定M逐步回归法不仅计算简单、意义明确,而且实际效果较好,接近于最优子集法的结果。  相似文献   

大气环流异常分析中使用合成方法的一个问题   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

施能  古文保 《气象》1993,19(9):32-34

通过一个实例的研究，指出，如果仅根据差值的绝对值大小来挑选关键区，其结果可能不可靠。它可能导致虚假的关键区或遗漏掉重要的关键区（在低纬度）。提出了解决问题的方法。  相似文献