Temperature dependence of large-scale water-retention curves: a case study     

Hui-Hai Liu  G. S. Bodvarsson  J. H. Dane 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1403-1408

A local-scale model for temperature-dependence of water-retention curves may be applicable to large scales. Consideration of this temperature dependence is important for modeling unsaturated flow and transport in the subsurface in numerous cases. Although significant progress has been made in understanding and modeling this temperature effect, almost all the previous studies have been limited to small scales (on the order of several centimeters). Numerical experiments were used to investigate the possibility of extending a local-scale model for the temperature-dependence of water retention curves to large scales (on the order of meters). Temperature effects on large-scale hydraulic properties are of interest in many practical applications. Numerical experiment results indicate that the local-scale model can indeed be applicable to large-scale problems for special porous media with high air entry values. A typical porous medium of this kind is the porous tuff matrix in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed geologic disposal site for national high-level nuclear wastes. Whether this finding can approximately hold for general cases needs to be investigated in future studies.  相似文献   

Basin-related effects on ground motion for earthquake scenarios in the Lower Rhine Embayment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Ewald  Heiner Igel  Klaus-Günter Hinzen  Frank Scherbaum 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(1):197-212

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H/V ratio: a tool for site effects evaluation. Results from 1-D noise simulations   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

Sylvette Bonnefoy-Claudet  Cécile Cornou  Pierre-Yves Bard  Fabrice Cotton  Peter Moczo  Jozef Kristek  Donat Fäh 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(2):827-837

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油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张丽萍曾荣树  徐文东金福杰 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(2):46-48,51

世界能源日益减少的局面为油页岩的开发应用带来广阔的前景，但油页岩工业所带来的环境影响亦不容忽视。以抚顺油页岩为例，从油页岩综合利用和油页岩工业对环境的影响等方面系统讨论了在我国发展油页岩工业时，如何本着节约能源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的观念，利用现有先进技术，科学发展油页岩工业，降低生产过程中的固、液、气污染物对环境的危害。  相似文献   

Early Estimation of Seismic Hazard for Strong Earthquakes in Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wen-Yu Jean  Yu-Wen Chang  Kuo-Liang Wen  Chin-Hsiung Loh 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):39-53

A shakemap system providing rapid estimates of strong ground shaking could be useful for emergency response providers in a damaging earthquake. A hybrid procedure, which combines site-dependent ground motion prediction models and the limited observations of the Real-Time Digital stream output system (RTD system operated by Central Weather Bureau, CWB), was set up to provide a high-resolution shakemap in a near-real-time manner after damaging earthquakes in Taiwan. One of the main factors that affect the result of ground motion prediction analysis is the existence of site effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local site effects and their influence in the ground shaking and then establish an early estimation procedure of potential hazard for damaging earthquakes. Based on the attenuation law, the site effects of each TSMIP station are discussed in terms of a bias function that is site and intensity-level dependent function. The standard deviation of the site-dependent ground motion prediction model can be significantly reduced. The nonlinear behavior of ground soil is automatically taken into account in the intensity-level dependent bias function. Both the PGA and the spectral acceleration are studied in this study. Based on the RTD data, event correctors are calculated and applied to precisely estimate the shakemap of damaging earthquakes for emergency response.  相似文献   

湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代地质构造发展框架的厘定   总被引：25，自引：8，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

柏道远黄建中  刘耀荣伍光英马铁球  王先辉 《中国地质》2005,32(4):557-570

湘东南及湘粤赣边区属南岭中段北部,是研究华南中生代构造背景与演化的良好窗口.通过同位素年代学和地质地球化学研究,确定了区内中生代3个时代花岗岩的时限与构造环境,并结合对区内中生代不同时代陆相盆地和火山岩的性质与形成机制,构造变形和成矿作用的期次与特征等研究,厘定出研究区中生代地质事件序列的框架.从早至晚分为早三叠世-中三叠世早期前造山阶段（Ⅰ）、中三叠世后期-中侏罗世初陆内造山阶段（Ⅱ）、中侏罗世早期-晚侏罗世后造山阶段（Ⅲ）、白垩纪板内裂谷阶段（Ⅳ）等4个大的地质发展阶段,其中陆内造山阶段（Ⅱ）进一步划分为4个亚阶段（Ⅱ1～Ⅱ4）.前造山阶段（Ⅰ）为稳定海相沉积阶段.中三叠世后期（Ⅱ1）为陆内俯冲汇聚高峰期,形成大量NNE向为主的逆冲断裂与褶皱,并使陆壳增厚.中三叠世末-晚三叠世后期（Ⅱ2）挤压相对松弛,大量壳源花岗岩浆形成并侵位（233～210Ma）.晚三叠世末-早侏罗世（Ⅱ3）为同造山上隆伸展环境,形成NNE向裂陷含煤盆地,高Na低K的拉斑玄武岩喷发.中侏罗世初期（Ⅱ4）为NNE向左旋汇聚走滑造山,发育逆冲断裂且前期裂陷盆地反转成为山前冲断收缩盆地.中侏罗世早期-晚侏罗世后造山阶段（Ⅲ）,大量后造山花岗岩侵位（174～135Ma）,同时发生大规模成矿作用;侏罗纪末期发生过短暂的挤压事件.白垩纪板内裂谷阶段（Ⅳ）形成盆-岭构造和变质核杂岩构造、双峰式火山岩和次火山岩、酸性岩脉及具有AA型花岗岩特征的上堡小型岩体等组合.文章最后就华南地区燕山早期构造环境和中生代不同阶段构造-岩浆活动特征的形成机制等问题进行了讨论.  相似文献   

高山峡谷区影响土壤测量找矿效果的元素表生活动特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马生明  朱立新等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(5):58-62

研究发现，高山峡谷区内土壤中元素的表生活动以表生富集作用为主，元素表征富集作用的程度、富集层位和粒级等受矿化作用和自然风化作用双重影响。非矿化地段土壤中元素的表生富集程度较矿化带处土壤中元素表生富集程度更强；矿化带处B层土壤比A层土壤中元素的富集强度稍大，元素明显地富集在粗粒级组分中；近矿（化）带的非矿化地段，A、B两层土壤仍受到矿化组分的影响，A层土壤比B层土壤受到的影响更加明显，粗粒级组分比细粒级组分反映敏感，C层土壤中元素在细粒级组分中轻微富集。根据本次研究结果，调整了高山峡谷区土壤测量工作方法，经试点测量验证，找矿效果良好。  相似文献   

Capture-zone design in an aquifer influenced by cyclic fluctuations in hydraulic gradients     

Willy Zawadzki  Don W. Chorley  Guy Patrick 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(6):601-609

Design of a groundwater pumping and treatment system for a wood-treatment facility adjacent to the tidally influenced Fraser River estuary required the development of methodologies to account for cyclic variations in hydraulic gradients. Design of such systems must consider the effects of these cyclic fluctuations on the capture of dissolved-phase contaminants. When the period of the cyclic fluctuation is much less than the travel time of the dissolved contaminant from the source to the discharge point, the hydraulic-gradient variations resulting from these cycles can be ignored. Capture zones are then designed based on the average hydraulic gradient determined using filter techniques on continuous groundwater-level measurements. When the period of cyclic fluctuation in hydraulic gradient is near to or greater than the contaminant travel time, the resulting hydraulic-gradient variations cannot be ignored. In these instances, procedures are developed to account for these fluctuations in the capture-zone design. These include proper characterization of the groundwater regime, assessment of the average travel time and period of the cyclic fluctuations, and numerical techniques which allow accounting for the cyclic fluctuations in the design of the capture zone. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Far field effects of Alpine plate tectonism in the Iberian microplate recorded by fault-related denudation in the Spanish Central System     

C. H. de Bruijne  P. A. M. Andriessen 《Tectonophysics》2002,349(1-4)

Apatite fission track analysis was performed on 56 samples from central Spain to unravel the far field effects of the Alpine plate tectonic history of Iberia. The modelled thermal histories reveal complex cooling in the Cenozoic, indicative of intermittent denudation. Accelerated cooling events occurred across the Spanish Central System (SCS) from the Middle Eocene to Recent. These accelerated cooling events resulted in up to 2.8±0.9 km of denudation in the western Sierra de Gredos and 3.6±1.0 km in the central and eastern Gredos (assuming a paleogeothermal gradient of 28±5 °C and a surface temperature of 10 °C). The greatest amount of denudation (5.0±1.6 km) occurred in the Sierra de Guadarrama. Accompanying rock uplift was 4.7±1.0 and 5.9±1.6 km in the eastern Gredos and Guadarrama, respectively. Most denudation in the Gredos occurred from the Middle Eocene to the Early Miocene and can be related to the N–S stress field, induced by the Pyrenean compression. In the Guadarrama, the greatest denudation was Pliocene to Recent of age and seems related to the ongoing NW–SE Betic compression. The fact that the formation of the E–W trending Gredos coincides with the N–S Pyrenean compression and the creation of the present day morphology of the NE–SW trending Guadarrama with the younger NW–SE Betic compression, indicates that they record the far field effects of Alpine plate tectonics on Iberia. The trend of pre-existing lineaments was of major importance in influencing the style and magnitude of these of far field effects.  相似文献   

Validation through HVSR measurements of a method for the quick detection of site amplification effects from intensity data: an application to a seismic area in Northern Italy     

Vera D'Amico  Marco Mucciarelli   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(6)

An instrumental validation is attempted of an innovative approach devoted to the quick individuation, from macroseismic data, of site amplification phenomena able to significantly modify seismic hazard levels expected on the basis of average propagation effects only. According to this methodology, two evaluations of hazard are performed at each investigated locality: the former, obtained by epicentral intensity data ‘reduced’ at the site through a probabilistic attenuation function and, the latter, computed by integrating such data with seismic effects actually observed at the site during past earthquakes. The comparison, for each locality, between these two hazard estimates allow to orientate the identification of those sites where local amplifications of earthquake ground motion could be significant. In order to check such methodology, indications obtained in this way from macroseismic data are compared with the estimates of transfer functions performed through the HVSR technique applied to microtremors. Results concerning municipalities located in a seismic area of Northern Italy indicate a good agreement between macroseismic and instrumental estimates.  相似文献