Testing slope effect on flow resistance equation for mobile bed rills          下载免费PDF全文

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Palmeri  Vincenzo Pampalone 《水文研究》2018,32(5):664-671

In this paper, a recently theoretically deduced rill flow resistance equation, based on a power‐velocity profile, is tested experimentally on plots of varying slopes in which mobile bed rills are incised. Initially, measurements of flow velocity, water depth, cross‐sectional area, wetted perimeter and bed slope conducted in 106 reaches of rills incised on an experimental plot having a slope of 14% were used to calibrate the flow resistance equation. Then, the relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the channel slope, and the flow Froude number, which was calibrated using the 106 rill reach data, was tested using measurements carried out in plots having slopes of 22% and 9%. The measurements carried out in the latter slope conditions confirmed that (a) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, and (b) the data were supportive of the slope independence hypothesis of rill velocity stated by Govers.  相似文献   

Investigation on the Cyclonic Seastate along Southeast Coast of India     

K. V. Anand  V. Sundar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):58-78

The east coast of the Indian Peninsula experiences the effects of a devastating cyclone at least annually. The Thane cyclone of 29–30 December 2011 has been once such event that resulted in significant damages along the coastline of Tamil Nadu on the southeast coast of India (13° 9′ 10′ N and 80° 21′E). Waves as high as 8–12 m in a water depth of 20 m have been measured. Such huge waves, combined with a storm surge of 0.5 m, lead to severe damages to coastal structures during the passage of the cyclone. As a part of an exercise in assessing the sediment transport rates through measurements of the hydrodynamic driving parameters along the coast of major port of Chennai instruments were deployed for the measurement of waves and flow field. The measurement campaign was carried out at a location of about 120 km north of the cyclone made landfall. The ENCEP wind data formed the input for executing the WAM model for the simulation of wave characteristics, which are compared with the measured wave data. The agreement between them is found to be good. The details of the analysis of the results are presented and discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场可靠性分析及其揭示的中国近海风速分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐经纬  张秀芝  罗勇  徐敏 《海洋学报》2013,35(5):76-86

利用2000—2009年美国国家航空航天局(NASA)在中国近海海域(0°~45°N,105°~135°E)的QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料与近海测风塔(位于上海近海)、海上石油平台(位于东海和渤海)、岛屿站(南海珊瑚岛和西沙海边观测塔)的实测风场资料进行对比分析,检验了QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料在中国近海海域的可靠性。研究结果如下:各站点实测风速与站点位置以及站点附近的QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料相关系数均在0.7以上;QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料与海上石油平台的风速均方根误差较小(约1.5 m/s);其年均值均大于实测值,差值范围是0.1~1.3 m/s;其Weibull形状参数K与海上石油平台以及近海测风塔的K值较为接近,表明QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料各风速段的频次分布形态与观测站的实测值基本吻合,QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料能基本合理地反映出中国近海风速的分布状况。利用QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料分析了中国近海及其邻近水域风速的空间分布特征:(1)台湾海峡是中国近海风速最大的区域,从台湾海峡向东北至日本海,往西南至南海北部115°E附近和巴林塘海峡为风速的次大值区;(2)28°N到长江入海口的东海海域年均风速为7.0~7.5 m/s,在黄海和渤海为5.5~7.0 m/s,在南海北部自东向西由8.5 m/s递减为6.0 m/s,北部湾最大风速区位于东方附近海域。  相似文献   

流速断面法在长江古流量估算中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李彦彦  王建  周晓华  白世彪  曹光杰 《水科学进展》2012,23(3):295-301

河流古流量的估算可以定量化研究流域的水文、气候变化特征。根据收集的多个地质钻孔资料恢复出长江南京段3个古河槽横断面,对古深槽沉积物样品进行¹⁴C与ESR年代测定以及沉积相的分析,判定-50~-90m的古深槽形成于末次冰期最盛期。根据古河床沉积物粒度,利用泥沙起动公式计算古河槽不同深处的垂线平均流速,然后利用垂线平均流速和垂线间的过水面积计算单宽流量,最后累加恢复末次冰期最盛期的平滩流量。其计算结果为10000~12000m³/s,与现在1月份多年平均流量相当。该时期的纵坡降为4×10^-4~5×10^-4,与现在长江上游屏山—宜宾段相当。  相似文献   

超深涌水钻孔的钻探工艺及水文地质试验方法研究     

李建平 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(1):32-34,44

C4Z—G-05孔为某铁路高黎贡山隧道工程勘察钻孔,钻孔深度1075．5m。钻探过程中分别在孔深288～400m和611～724m穿过落差大于100m的断裂构造破碎带,并出现涌水及漏水现象,施工难度大,水文地质试验难以进行。据此,采取了合理的施工顺序,并根据钻进时的机械设备及钻进情况及时调控钻进参数;针对不同的地层,选用不同的泥浆类型,从而顺利的完成了该孔钻探工作。在水文地质试验中,对松散层潜水,采取了抽水试验,对两个断裂带,适时的运用观测涌水量和压力水头及涌水试验的方法,并选择适宜的计算公式,较好的完成了该孔的水文地质参数的计算工作．取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001411   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gongwen Wang  Lei Huang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(4):483-491

正Three-dimensional geological modeling(3DGM) assists geologists to quantitatively study in three-dimensional(3D) space structures that define temporal and spatial relationships between geological objects.The 3D property model can also be used to infer or deduce causes of geological objects.3DGM technology provides technical support for extraction of diverse geoscience information,3D modeling,and quantitative calculation of mineral resources.Based on metallogenic concepts and an ore deposit model, 3DGM technology is applied to analyze geological characteristics of the Tongshan Cu deposit in order to define a metallogenic model and develop a virtual borehole technology;a BP neural network and a 3D interpolation technique were combined to integrate multiple geoscience information in a 3D environment. The results indicate:(1) on basis of the concept of magmatic-hydrothermal Cu polymetallic mineralization and a porphyry Cu deposit model,a spatial relational database of multiple geoscience information for mineralization in the study area(geology,geophysics,geochemistry,borehole,and cross-section data) was established,and 3D metallogenic geological objects including mineralization stratum,granodiorite, alteration rock,and magnetic anomaly were constructed;(2) on basis of the 3D ore deposit model,23,800 effective surveys from 94 boreholes and 21 sections were applied to establish 3D orebody models with a kriging interpolation method;(3) combined 23,800 surveys involving 21 sections,using VC++ and OpenGL platform,virtual borehole and virtual section with BP network,and an improved inverse distance interpolation(IDW) method were used to predict and delineate mineralization potential targets (Cu-grade of cell not less than 0.1%);(4) comparison of 3D ore bodies,metallogenic geological objects of mineralization,and potential targets of mineralization models in the study area,delineated the 3D spatial and temporal relationship and causal processes among the ore bodies,alteration rock,metallogenic stratum,intrusive rock,and the Tongshan Fault.This study provides important technical support and a scientific basis for assessment of the Tongshan Cu deposit and surrounding exploration and mineral resources.  相似文献   

雨海地区晚雨海世-爱拉托逊纪月海玄武岩充填过程研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许延波  颜丹平  俞天石  王翔 《地质学报》2012,86(8):1306-1319

月海玄武岩是月球四大岩类之一,主要充填于月球大型撞击盆地之中。月海玄武岩充填过程的研究,对于了解撞击盆地充填过程和月海玄武岩充填规律及活动规模,揭示月球的热演化历史具有重要意义。本文综合利用嫦娥一号LAM数据、CCD影像数据和Clementine UVVIS数据,对雨海地区的地形地貌、岩石化学组成进行了提取和分析,对雨海地区月海玄武岩进行了单元划分,并运用撞击坑尺寸-频率分布法对各月海玄武岩单元进行了表面年龄的估算。结果表明,雨海地区月海玄武岩随着时代变新钛和铁元素更加富集,总体上从晚雨海世至爱拉托逊纪由低钛低铁玄武岩向高钛高铁方向演化;月海玄武岩充填活动具有多期次性,每期月海玄武岩的充填流动大体上保持由南向北方向,并且活动规模逐步减小,相对年轻月海玄武岩对早期月海玄武岩的覆盖范围不断减小。正是这种玄武岩流动与覆盖关系和充填过程造成了雨海地区从南向北地势的逐渐降低,以及较老月海玄武岩在较北部地区出露。最后,根据雨海地区月海玄武岩单元在地形地貌、岩石化学组成与表面年龄上的相关性,我们提出雨海地区月海玄武岩经历了多期次逐层填充过程,且每期由南向北流动、规模逐步减小。  相似文献   

南极沿岸固定冰观测与研究述评          下载免费PDF全文

杨清华  刘骥平  张林  赵杰臣  孙启振  李荣滨 《水科学进展》2013,24(5):741-749

南极固定冰的变化能够直接反映南极的局地气候变率,因此是数值模式验证的理想载体,对固定冰的观测研究结论也能用于评估南极海冰的年际变化。现今国际上对南极固定冰的观测和研究日渐丰富和深入,并逐渐形成了由多个国家参加的联合观测网。就海冰厚度、冰芯结构、表面辐射收支等现场测量和相机、卫星等遥感观测方面,总结了目前国内外南极固定冰观测的技术手段和研究进展,并分析了不同空间尺度上的南极固定冰年际变化特征。对南极固定冰观测研究目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了探讨。  相似文献   

科学与技术并进——近20年来海底峡谷浊流观测的成就和挑战   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐景平 《地球科学进展》2013,28(5):552-558

自1993年至今,美国地质调查局的科学家及其合作伙伴在美国西海岸的Monterey海底峡谷进行了针对现代浊流过程的一系列基础性研究,并成功地在世界上首次实地测量到高精度浊流流速及粒度参数.近20年来的数据和知识积累为解释海底峡谷内沉积物和其他颗粒物质输运的机理,以及浊流在维持深海峡谷中生机勃勃的生态系统所起的重要作用提供了直接依据.通过展示把海底观测应用于海洋沉积动力学研究过程中的成果、经验、教训,以及介绍目前还在讨论中的研究计划,以期达到以下宏观论点:在海洋科学里,只有科学与技术不脱节的科研团队才有希望获得成果和突破.  相似文献   

复合基坑支护在徐州某深基坑工程中的应用     

何宗义 《安徽地质》2013,(4):307-310

首先介绍了徐州某酒店深基坑工程的概况工程地质水文地质条件,重点介绍了根据场地周边条件的不同选择不同的支护形式,然后提出了对周边环境的监测要求。施工过程中实施动态监测,确保施工顺利进行及周边环境的安全。  相似文献