INTRINSIC THRESHOLDS IN SOIL SYSTEMS     

Daniel R. Muhs 《自然地理学》2013,34(2):99-110

The threshold concept has been applied with considerable success to the understanding of geomorphic systems. Both intrinsic and extrinsic thresholds can be recognized in soil systems, but intrinsic thresholds have previously been largely ignored. Examples of intrinsic thresholds in soils include minimum levels of sesquioxides for immobilization of organic matter in spodic horizons, leaching of carbonates before clay movement can take place, and certain minimum clay mineral ratios before a pedogenic regime dominated by pedoturbation can occur. Recognition of intrinsic thresholds explains soil instability in the absence of environmental change.  相似文献   

多类用户的混合星座导航系统定位性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂鹏程  姚静  易东云 《测绘科学》2011,36(3):62-64

本文针对地面用户与空间用户在测量环境与观测几何动态性等方面的不同,基于导航卫星可见性与加权精度因子(WDOP)对混合星座导航系统的定位性能进行了分析.给出了不同用户的星座天空视图与可视时长;从理论上讨论了权值选取对WDOP的影响.仿真表明,地面静态用户对不同类型导航卫星的可见性差异很大;而低轨卫星用户的可视时长更短,观...  相似文献   

浅埋大跨小净距隧道断面形态及合理间距的优化研究     

王辉  陈卫忠  陈培帅  田洪铭  曹俊杰  赵武胜 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):641-646

对于大跨度小净距隧道而言,合理扁平率及双洞间距的设计对于节约成本,提高隧道线型规划具有至关重要的作用,因此,优化大跨度小净距隧道的扁平率及其间距是隧道设计施工面临的关键问题。利用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS的标准设计语言Python编程,对某拟建大跨度小净距隧道不同扁平率及其间距进行参数化设计;采用精确罚函数法以及Nelder-Mead优化算法相结合的有限元优化分析计算程序,以隧道开挖面积、围岩塑性区、地表沉降和拱顶下沉等作为优化目标值,对建立的参数化模型进行计算,提出依托工程条件下扁平率及间距的最优组合。研究方法和成果对推动大断面小净距隧道的发展和应用具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

The two micron all sky survey     

S. G. Kleinmann  M. G. Lysaght  W. L. Pughe  S. E. Schneider  M. F. Skrutskie  M. D. Weinberg  S. D. Price  K. Y. Matthews  B. T. Soifer  J. P. Huchra  C. A. Beichman  T. J. Chester  T. Jarrett  G. L. Kopan  C. J. Lonsdale  J. Elias  J. W. Liebert  P. Seitzer 《Experimental Astronomy》1994,3(1-4):65-72

This paper describes the design, expectations, and prototyping of a new allsky survey, called 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) to be carried out with the new generation of infrared array detectors.  相似文献   

丽江高美古站夜天光亮度的观测     

陈培生  张周生  周吉光 《天文研究与技术》1996,(Z1)

在叙述了夜天光亮度指标对评价天文站址的重要性后，介绍了在丽江高美古站进行夜天光亮度测量的原理和具体方法，给出了在１９９６年１－３月在该处实际观测的结果为６３或．８６，并将这结果与世界上部分著名天文台的数据进行了比较。  相似文献   

BATC测光系统的仪器效率测定     

范璐璐　彭昌周旭  程福臻 《天文研究与技术》2005,2(2):122-129

对文[2]的4颗流量标准星HD19445、HD84937、BD 17°4708和BD 26°2606中的2颗:HD19445和HD84937所在天区,用BATC15色测光系统中的14色滤光片(除b片外)进行测光。利用批处理程序PipelineI和PipelineⅡ对观测数据进行处理,并利用观测天区中标准星已知的BATC星等来确定天区内的其它恒星的BATC星等。我们估算出天光背景值,并寻找得到的信噪比与BATC星等mbatc以及曝光时间t之间的关系,最后得到三者之间的经验关系公式。  相似文献   

SURFACE OZONE CHARACTERISTICS AT THREE STATIONS IN GAW OF WMO IN CHINA     

丁国安  徐晓斌  罗超  汤洁  向荣彪  颜鹏  李兴生 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,(1)

The characteristics of surface O_3 on clear days at Waliguan Observatory,Lin'an regionalstation and Longfengshan regional station in China were analyzed in this paper.The three stationsbelong to Global Atmospheric Watch(GAW)of WMO.There was obvious daily variation on cleardays at Lin'an.with maximum(42.9 ppb)and minimum(20.3 ppb)of daily range appearing inspring and summer.respectively.The daily variation was more regular at Lonfengshan than atLin'an.The maximum(about 27 ppb)appeared in autumn at Longfengshan.There was noobvious daily variation and also daily range was smaller in other seasons except weaker dailyvariation in summer at Waliguan.But the surface O_3 concentration(SOC)in summer was higherthan that in winter at Waliguan.The SOC on clear days of summer at Waliguan was over 20 ppbhigher than at Longfengshan and Lin'an.The global radiation and NO_x concentration were themain factors which control the SOC on clear days at Longfengshan and Lin'an.and playedimportant role in different seasons and areas.The transportation of air flow around the area ofQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau was the main cause for high SOC and weak daily variation insummer at Waliguan.The similar effect of transportation was obtained at the Mauna LoaObservatory.The distribution characteristics of SOC increasing with height in the tropospheredetermined the difference of SOC between East China and West China.  相似文献   

Error assessment of grid-based diffuse solar radiation models     

Xingong Li  Shuhua Zhang  Yaning Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(10):2032-2049

Two grid-based diffuse solar radiation models, ESRI’s Solar Analyst (SA) and Kumar’s model (KM), were assessed using a data-independent approach where each model’s numerical results of clear sky diffuse radiation on V/U-shaped surfaces were compared with analytical results derived using each model’s assumptions. SA and KM consistently underestimate and overestimate, respectively, diffuse radiation at daily, seasonal, and annual scale relative to the analytical results based on each model’s parameterizations. Overall, SA performs better than KM in modeling diffuse radiation at most timescales. While SA and KM have similar error in calculating diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, SA models sky view factor much better than KM, with mean absolute relative differences of 0.76% and 17.02%, respectively. KM has a large error in sky view factor as it does not consider the shading effect from surrounding terrain. Sky view factor error in SA is small and use of more zenith divisions can further reduce the error. Based on our previous study, model performance on clear sky global solar radiation was also evaluated. Overall, KM performs better than SA in global radiation as KM performs better than SA in modeling direct radiation which is the major component of global radiation.  相似文献   

地基可见光全天空云图云量图像处理识别方法     

陈青青  李彪  汤志亚  杨玲  王耀萱 《气象科技》2017,45(6):1006-1010

为增强地基可见光全天空云图中云与天空的特征和区别,提高云检测率,基于图像复原和图像增强技术提出一种改善云图质量的方法。该方法采用暗通道去雾算法进行图像复原;采用亮度直方图均衡增强图像纹理细节;综合两种方法,先图像复原,再图像增强。按低能见度薄云、低能见度厚云、高能见度薄云、高能见度厚云4种情况分别进行讨论,结果表明:除高能见度薄云采用单一的图像复原使云检测效果降低外,图像复原和图像增强都能使云检测和云量识别准确率提高;综合二者,云检测和云量识别准确率进一步提高;该方法对薄云和低能见度云图的改善最为显著。  相似文献   

激光云高仪与可见光测云仪观测试验对比     

朱君  曹晓钟  李晓兰 《气象科技》2017,45(4):611-615

选取激光云高仪观测的云高和可见光测云仪观测的云量,通过对比两种地面云观测设备观测数据在相同条件下的差异,分析不同要素对设备观测性能的影响,结果表明:在相同观测条件下,两种地基云观测设备的观测结果不同;激光云高仪和可见光测云仪受雾、霾、降水等天气现象以及云物理特性的影响,云观测数据会出现的漏报和误报的现象;激光云高仪还受自身探测高度和垂直分辨率的影响,对高云和薄云的捕获率较差。  相似文献