气候模拟研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王绍武 《气象》1994,20(12):9-18

根据地回顾了大约４０年来气候模拟研究的发展过程，指出根据研究的目标可以分为三个阶段；模拟大气平均状况、敏感性实验及气候变率的模拟，着重总结了近年来气候变率模拟的最新成果，包括对印度夏季风降水，萨赫勒干旱、气候变率、世界三大涛动、ＥＮＳＯ循环及中国旱涝型的模拟研究。  相似文献   

北京地区气温诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢庄  李慧 《大气科学》1994,18(Z1):820-825

本文讨论了北京地区百余年气温的变化特征，依据加法模型理论，提出了一种气候诊断和预测方法─—逐步回归多重因子方法，其优点在于将序列的周期因子、谱成分及外界气候振动因子同时引入回归模型中。这一方法，对单序列的气候诊断和预测具有明显效果。  相似文献   

Historical changes in sediments of Pyramid Lake,Nevada, USA: consequences of changes in the water balance of a terminal desert lake   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martin E. Lebo  John E. Reuter  Philip A. Meyers 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,12(2):87-101

Sediment cores from the shallow and deep basins of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, revealed variations in composition with depth reflecting changes in lake level, river inflow, and lake productivity. Recent sediments from the period of historical record indicate: (1) CaCO₃ and organic content of sediment in the shallow basin decrease at lower lake level, (2) CaCO₃ content of deep basin sediments increases when lake level decreases rapidly, and (3) the inorganic P content of sediments increases with decreasing lake volume. Variations in sediment composition also indicate several periods for which productivity in Pyramid Lake may have been elevated over the past 1000 years. Our data provide strong evidence for increased productivity during the first half of the 20th Century, although the typical pattern for cultural eutrophication was not observed. The organic content of sediments also suggests periods of increased productivity in the lake prior to the discovery and development of the region by white settlers. Indeed, a broad peak in organic fractions during the 1800's originates as an increase starting around 1600. However, periods of changing organic content of sediments also correspond to periods when inflow to the lake was probably at extremes (e.g. drought or flood) indicating that fluctuations in river inflow may be an important factor affecting sediment composition in Pyramid Lake.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson,Palmer Station,and Marsh (King George Island)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D. L. Savoie  J. M. Prospero  R. J. Larsen  F. Huang  M. A. Izaguirre  T. Huang  T. H. Snowdon  L. Custals  C. G. Sanderson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(2):95-122

High volume bulk aerosol samples were collected continuously at three Antarctic sites: Mawson (67.60° S, 62.50° E) from 20 February 1987 to 6 January 1992; Palmer Station (64.77° S, 64.06° W) from 3 April 1990 to 15 June 1991; and Marsh (62.18° S, 58.30° W) from 28 March 1990, to 1 May 1991. All samples were analyzed for Na⁺, SO ₄ ^2– , NO ₃ ^– , methanesulfonate (MSA), NH ₄ ⁺ ,²¹⁰Pb, and⁷Be. At Mawson for which we have a multiple year data set, the annual mean concentration of each species sometimes vary significantly from one year to the next: Na⁺, 68–151 ng m^–3; NO ₃ ^– , 25–30 ng m^–3; nss SO ₄ ^2– , 81–97 ng m^–3; MSA, 19–28 ng m^–3; NH ₄ ⁺ , 16–21 ng m^–3;²¹⁰Pb, 0.75–0.86 fCi m^–3. Results from multiple variable regression of non-sea-salt (nss) SO ₄ ^2– with MSA and NO ₃ ^– as the independent variables indicates that, at Mawson, the nss SO ₄ ^2– /MSA ratio resulting from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) is 2.80±0.13, about 13% lower than our earlier estimate (3.22) that was based on 2.5 years of data. A similar analysis indicates that the ratio at Palmer is about 40% lower, 1.71±0.10, and more comparable to previous results over the southern oceans. These results when combined with previously published data suggest that the differences in the ratio may reflect a more rapid loss of MSA relative to nss SO ₄ ^2– during transport over Antarctica from the oceanic source region. The mean²¹⁰Pb concentrations at Palmer and Marsh and the mean NO ₃ ^– concentration at Palmer are about a factor of two lower than those at Mawson. The²¹⁰Pb distributions are consistent with a²¹⁰Pb minimum in the marine boundary layer in the region of 40°–60° S. These features and the similar seasonalities of NO ₃ ^– and²¹⁰Pb at Mawson support the conclusion that the primary source regions for NO ₃ ^– are continental. In contrast, the mean concentrations of MSA, nss SO ₄ ^2– , and NH ₄ ⁺ at Palmer are all higher than those at Mawson: MSA by a factor of 2; nss SO ₄ ^2– by 10%; and NH ₄ ⁺ by more than 50%. However, the factor differences exhibit substantial seasonal variability; the largest differences generally occur during the austral summer when the concentrations of most of the species are highest. NH ₄ ⁺ /(nss SO ₄ ^2– +MSA) equivalent ratios indicate that NH₃ neutralizes about 60% of the sulfur acids during December at both Mawson and Palmer, but only about 30% at Mawson during February and March.  相似文献   

南京城市气候灾害的研究     

朱诗武  王月莲 《南京气象学院学报》1993,16(1):97-100

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二维动力—物理气候模式的建立和发展     

李维亮  王维强 《南京气象学院学报》1993,16(3):257-268

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海温气候振动和北半球对流层高度场变化     

陈兴芳 《气象》1993,19(8):3-7

近40年赤道太平洋和北太平洋月平均海温距平场分布存在着短期气候振动,分析表明,它对大气环流有一定的影响。在海温气候振动的前期位相时期,对流层平均高度有降低趋势,相反在海温气候振动的后期位相时期,对流层平均高度为增高趋势。这种相关关系高层比低层要好,低纬度较中高纬度稳定,夏季较冬季明显。  相似文献   

华北平原下垫面荒漠化和绿化对气候的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

林贤超  尹思明 《地理学报》1993,48(6):552-562

从大气热力学能量方程,水汽守恒方程以及降水与大气水汽含量和相对湿度的经验关系出发,本文假定大尺度环流不受地表下垫面变化的影响,不考虑大气辐射吸收与水汽和温度的反馈作用,对大气和地表能量过程作参数化处理,建立了一个反映区域年平均温度和降水的变化与地表反射率和波恩比变化之间的关系。计算分析表明,对于线性尺度为550km的华北平原来说,如果地表下垫面从目前状态变成沙漠的话,年平均温度将增加2.14°C,年降水量将减少536.1mm。如果华北平原全部绿化、年平均温度变化不大,年降水量可增加21.2mm。  相似文献   

我国土壤热流场及与深层大地热流场的比较   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汤懋苍  董文杰 《地球科学进展》1991,6(4):10-17

本文提出岩石圈内的某些过程是气候变迁的重要原因之一。并依据对土壤热流、大地热流、地震和旱涝关系研究所得到的一些现象和结论,利用气象站地温资料计算了土壤热流,初步分析得到如下主要结论:(1)据线性热传导理论设计的热流的计算方法基本上可以满足多年平均土壤热流场计算精度的要求;(2)平均土壤热流场、深层大地热流场、地震带三者之间有很好的对应关系。平均土壤热流高值带一般都有大地热流高值带和地震带与之对应;(3)土壤热流距平场与汛期降水场有相似的分布形势,土壤热流距平的变化与强震也有一定的联系。  相似文献   

萨拉乌苏河地区地层中的碎屑矿物及其所反映的中更新世末期以来之气候环境变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李保生  董光荣  高尚玉  丁同虎  申建友  邵亚军 《岩石矿物学杂志》1991,10(1):84-90

文章根据对萨拉乌苏河地区第四纪地层中的碎屑矿物分析结果,将重矿物按其抗化学风化的能力不同分为不稳定、较稳定、稳定和极稳定四种类型,不同层位的重矿物类型的百分含量不同,从而可求出重矿物的风化系数HW。不同时期地层的HW不同,而HW的大小变化与化学风化的程度有很大关系,一般来说,化学风化作用强,HW相应变小。而化学风化作用的强弱又主要受气候的影响,从而可推测该时期气候环境的变化。  相似文献