农村集体土地确权测量中的塔尖交会技术研究     

张太鹏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9):192-194

简要介绍了农村集体土地确权测量中的塔尖交会技术,生成平差文件的方法,以及平差计算的理论模型,最后给出了平差实例,极大地提高了作业效率,达到了满意的效果。  相似文献   

基于GIS的城镇建设用地发展适宜性评价——以常州市金坛区为例     

秦坤  刘耀林 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(11):102-107

为更加深入地了解村镇尺度城镇建设用地发展适宜性情况,提高土地利用综合效益,本文以常州市金坛区遥感影像数据和土地利用现状数据为基础,采用层次分析法和GIS空间分析技术,选择自然、区位、生态和土地转换适宜度四大类10个指标,建立了适用于平原地区的具有区域代表性的城镇建设用地发展适宜性评价指标体系,分析了金坛区城镇发展适宜区分布与空间自相关特征。研究结果能为城市规划、土地规划等提供依据,尤其在城镇建设用地发展布局上具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张妮  林春明 《岩矿测试》2016,35(3):217-228

因宝石检测常附带无损要求、宝石评价具科学性和不确定性等特点,X射线衍射(XRD)在宝石学这门矿物学的分支学科中的应用具有特殊性,其应用领域主要集中在三个方面。①宝石鉴定领域:对单晶宝石和多晶宝石进行物相鉴定、宝石产地特征研究以及宝石矿物多型的种类划分等。例如根据XRD图谱,可将品种繁多的微晶石英隐晶质变种玉髓中不同的SiO₂质矿物相精确区分;通过黏土矿物成分及其含量可将鸡血石中"地"的种类进行划分。②宝石矿物的晶体结构研究:对成分复杂的单晶宝石进行晶体化学分析、获取矿物类质同象替代情况、利用结晶度划分宝石品质。例如晶格参数中的c/a比值可将绿柱石的Al八面体类质同象替代和Be四面体类质同象替代进行区分;软玉中通过XRD数据计算出的结晶度与软玉的品质关系密切。③宝石学研究技术的开发:对宝石的优化处理过程进行监测,在宝石合成过程中检验矿物晶形大小、结晶质量及内应力等,以有机宝石的晶体结构为基础的人工养殖技术研究。例如尖晶石在热处理过程中,Mg离子由四面体中的T位迁移至八面体中的M位,导致M-O和T-O键长随温度变化,并反映在尖晶石的色调中;在托帕石合成过程中,XRD数据显示770~800℃时形成含氟托帕石(与天然托帕石结构相同),而在950℃和1000℃出现含氟托帕石离解成刚玉和莫来石。目前,我国在宝石学的XRD应用方面起步较晚,国外在宝石鉴定、优化与合成方面的应用相对成熟。本文认为,该技术与扫描电镜、质子探针等分析技术的联用仍有很大发展空间。  相似文献   

我国尾矿综合利用研究现状及建议   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘志强  郝梓国  刘恋  费红彩  黄敏 《地质论评》2016,62(5):62051277-62051282

尾矿资源综合利用问题已受到世界各国的重视,其对策已由消极的废物处理转向物质再回收,尾矿资源化的发展趋势越来越清晰。但是,我国尾矿综合利用率和发达国家相比还存在较大的差距。大量的尾矿积存,对矿山周边地区环境、土地利用造成了严重的影响。开展典型尾矿资源综合利用技术研究和推广尾矿资源产业化利用技术研究与推广,不但可使原来资源枯竭或资源不足的矿山焕发青春,而且还能够重新成为新的资源基地,以开辟新的材料科技领域,推动科技进步,同时也可以解决环境污染、改善生态环境和整治国土,具有巨大社会、经济和环境效益。因此尾矿的综合利用要做到国家重視、立法保障、评价先行、技术支撑、全部利用,才能真正解决尾矿污染等问题。  相似文献   

气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术应用     

李雁  李峰  郭维  夏元彩  周青  周薇 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(5):439-445

从气象观测设备运行保障角度出发,基于各观测设备自身运行状态检测信息,结合气象观测数据、气象观测元数据信息以及各级气象观测技术保障业务人员人工填报业务数据,研制了我国气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术;同时制订了各气象观测设备运行状态分类标准和显示标准,将设备运行状态分为正常、报警、故障和非观测4类状态,分别用绿色、橙色、蓝色和灰色标识.气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术在一定程度上促进了我国气象观测装备技术保障工作的规范化、标准化开展.该技术贴合气象装备技术保障业务实际需求,设备运行状态判定真实率达100％,结果经实践证明科学合理有效,基于该方法开展的设备运行监控保障工作提高了观测系统稳定可靠的运行能力.  相似文献   

国家环境遥感监测体系研究与实现   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王桥  刘思含 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):1161-1169

随着国家空间基础设施的建设和发展,中国遥感监测体系研究与建设取得了重大突破,从无到有形成了国家环境遥感监测能力,并业务化实现了主要环境遥感监测要素产品的生产与服务,为新时期环境管理工作提供了有力支撑。在分析国内外环境遥感发展及中国环境遥感监测需求的基础上,阐述了中国环境监测体系建设的必要性,研究了国家环境遥感监测体系的建立与业务化运行,提出了中国环境遥感监测体系发展思路与下一步重点任务。  相似文献   

农业遥感研究应用进展与展望   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

陈仲新  任建强  唐华俊  史云  冷佩  刘佳  王利民  吴文斌  姚艳敏  哈斯图亚 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):748-767

得益于中国自主遥感卫星、无人机遥感和物联网等技术的发展,中国农业遥感研究与应用在过去20年取得了显著进步,中国农业遥感信息获取呈现出天地网一体化的趋势;农业定量遥感在关键参数遥感反演技术方法与应用方面取得进展;作物面积、长势、产量、灾害遥感监测的理论与技术方法取得突破,农业遥感技术应用领域不断拓展。本文从农业遥感信息获取、农业定量遥感、农业灾害遥感、作物遥感识别与制图、作物长势遥感监测与产量预测、农业土地资源遥感等方面对中国农业遥感科研与应用进行了总结综述。  相似文献   

地理国情普查试点成果综合分析     

张琴琴  杨柏林  李娜娜  张晓瑜 《测绘科学》2016,41(4):83-88

城镇服务设施布局的评价与分析是地理国情普查综合统计分析城镇化发展的重要内容。针对当前城镇化发展不平衡,生活服务设施空间布局不合理的情况,该文利用克拉玛依市独山子区地理国情普查试点成果,结合专题数据,采用GIS网络分析方法,在独山子区城镇综合设施之间配置最短最优路径。耦合结果表明:老城区卫生资源分布较合理,但是教育资源和整体服务设施分布却过于集中。这种方法还可以进一步用于优化城镇功能单元布局与服务保障设施点的建设,完善居民出行、教育、日常生活和文化服务等方面。  相似文献   

Use of cartographic images by expert and novice field geologists in planning fieldwork routes     

Kathleen M. Baker  Andrew C. Johnson  Caitlin N. Callahan  Heather L. Petcovic 《制图学和地理信息科学》2016,43(2):176-187

Topographic maps and aerial photographs are particularly useful when geoscientists are faced with fieldwork tasks such as selecting paths for observation, establishing sampling schemes, or defining field regions. These types of images are crucial in bedrock geologic mapping, a cognitively complex field-based problem-solving task. Geologic mapping requires the geologist to correctly identify rock types and three-dimensional bedrock structures from often partial or poor-quality outcrop data while navigating through unfamiliar terrain. This paper compares the walked routes of novice to expert geologists working in the field (n = 66) with the results of a route planning and navigation survey of a similar population of geologists (n = 77). Results show clearly that those geologists with previous mapping experience make quick and decisive determinations about field areas from available imagery and maps, regardless of whether they are or not physically present in the field area. Recognition of geologic features enabled experts to form and verbalize a specific plan for travel through a landscape based on those features. Novices were less likely to develop specific travel route plans and were less likely to identify critical landscape cues from aerial photographs.  相似文献   

Status of Stratigraphy Research in China     

YAO Jianxin  BO Jingfang  HOU Hongfei  WANG Zejiu  MA Xiulan  LIU Fengshan  HU Guangxiao  JI Zhansheng  WU Guichun  WU Zhenjie  LI Suping  GUO Caiqing  LI Ya 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1069-1081

Scientific research and productive practice for earth history are inseparable from the accurate stratigraphic framework and time framework. Establishing the globally unified, precise and reliable chronostratigraphic series and geological time series is the major goal of the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS). Under the leadership of the ICS, the countries around the world have carried out research on the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points(GSSPs) for the boundaries of chronostratigraphic systems. In the current International Chronostratigraphic Chart(ICC), 65 GSSPs have been erected in the Phanerozoic Eonothem, and one has yet been erected in the Precambrian Eonothem. Based on the progress of research on stratigraphy especially that from its subcommissions, the ICS is constantly revising the ICC, and will publish a new International Stratigraphic Guide in 2020. After continual efforts and broad international cooperation of Chinese stratigraphers, 10 GSSPs within the Phanerozoic Eonothem have been approved and ratified to erect in China by the ICS and IUGS. To establish the standards for stratigraphic division and correlation of China, with the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Geological Survey, Chinese stratigraphers have carried out research on the establishment of Stages in China. A total of 102 stages have been defined in the "Regional Chronostratigraphic Chart of China(geologic time)", in which 59 stages were studied in depth. In 2014, the "Stratigraphic Chart of China" was compiled, with the essential contents as follows: the correlation between international chronostratigraphy and regional chronostratigraphy of China(geologic time), the distributive status of lithostratigraphy, the characteristics of geological ages, the biostratigraphic sequence, the magnetostratigraphy, the geological events and eustatic sea-level change during every geological stage. The "Stratigraphical Guide of China and its Explanation(2014)" was also published. Chinese stratigraphers have paid much attention to stratigraphic research in south China, northeast China, north China and northwest China and they have made great achievements in special research on stratigraphy, based on the 1:1000000, 1:250000, 1:200000 and 1:50000 regional geological survey projects. Manifold new stratigraphic units were discovered and established by the regional geological surveys, which are helpful to improve the regional chronostratigraphic series of China. On the strength of the investigation in coastal and offshore areas, the status of marine strata in China has been expounded. According to the developing situation of international stratigraphy and the characteristics of Chinese stratigraphic work, the contrast relation between regional stratigraphic units of China and GSSPs will be established in the future, which will improve the application value of GSSPs and the standard of regional stratigraphic division and correlation. In addition, the study of stratigraphy of the Precambrian, terrestrial basins and orogenic belts will be strengthened, the Stratigraphic Chart of China will be improved, the typical stratigraphic sections in China will be protected and the applied study of stratigraphy in the fields of oil and gas, solid minerals, etc. will be promoted. On the ground of these actions, stratigraphic research will continue to play a great role in the social and economic development of China.  相似文献