全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4793篇 |
免费 | 675篇 |
国内免费 | 768篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 428篇 |
大气科学 | 554篇 |
地球物理 | 1290篇 |
地质学 | 1679篇 |
海洋学 | 1002篇 |
天文学 | 35篇 |
综合类 | 344篇 |
自然地理 | 904篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 157篇 |
2021年 | 200篇 |
2020年 | 198篇 |
2019年 | 238篇 |
2018年 | 181篇 |
2017年 | 212篇 |
2016年 | 213篇 |
2015年 | 249篇 |
2014年 | 260篇 |
2013年 | 326篇 |
2012年 | 298篇 |
2011年 | 326篇 |
2010年 | 235篇 |
2009年 | 299篇 |
2008年 | 281篇 |
2007年 | 289篇 |
2006年 | 257篇 |
2005年 | 253篇 |
2004年 | 191篇 |
2003年 | 154篇 |
2002年 | 170篇 |
2001年 | 145篇 |
2000年 | 141篇 |
1999年 | 144篇 |
1998年 | 136篇 |
1997年 | 121篇 |
1996年 | 91篇 |
1995年 | 84篇 |
1994年 | 76篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 52篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6236条查询结果,搜索用时 36 毫秒
991.
This technical note aims to provide a quick reference and some computational examples for the conversion between Antarctic ice-mass changes and global sea level equivalent (SLE) changes using a few assumptions that computationally simplify this complex problem and that acknowledge gaps in our knowledge of the Antarctic environment. A number of factors involved in the conversion process are discussed, and the sensitivity of the conversion result to certain aspects is analyzed. It was found that the global ocean area calculated from a recently improved global shoreline dataset has little impact on the uncertainty of the SLE estimation. SLE estimation using satellite gravity observations, such as those by GRACE, are sensitive to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models. One more important result from the computation is that the effective density of the volume that is gained or lost during mass change may greatly affect the outcome of the conversion if it differs greatly from the actual density of the firn/ice layers. Finally, a table of computational examples is provided for reference under some assumptions for simplifying the computation. 相似文献
992.
《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):201-238
TOPEX/Poseidon is a well known success, with the operational altimeter (TOPEX) and the experimental one (Poseidon-1), providing data of unprecedented quality. However, there are two major differences between the TOPEX and Poseidon-1 radar altimeters on board TOPEX/Poseidon. The first is related to the estimated range noise; the second is linked to the sea-state bias (SSB) model estimates. Since the recent launch of the Jason-1 radar altimeter (also called Poseidon-2), we have been cross-comparing these three systems to better characterize each of them. Analyzing standard user products, we have found that Jason-1 is behaving like Poseidon-1 and thus shows the same observed differences when compared with TOPEX. A comparative analysis of their features was performed, starting from the on-board acquisition of the ocean return and ending with the ground generation of the high level accuracy oceanographic product. The results lead us to believe that the sources for these differences lie in both the waveform tracking processing and the presence or abscence of a retracking procedure whether on-board or on ground. Because Poseidon-1 and Jason-1 waveforms are retracked while TOPEX waveforms are not in the products distributed to the users, we have applied the same ground retracking algorithm to the waveforms of the three radar altimeters to get consistent data sets. The analysis of the outputs has shown that: (a) the noise level for the three radar altimeters is definitively the same, and (b) the source of the relative SSB between Jason-1 and TOPEX lies in the different behavior of the on-board tracking softwares. 相似文献
993.
George A. Maul 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):167-168
The Jason-1 satellite was launched on 7 December 2001 with the primary objective of continuing the high accuracy time series of altimeter measurements that began with the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to validate the performance of the Jason-1 measurement system, and to verify that its error budget is at least at the same level as that of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. The article reviews the main components of the Jason-1 altimetric error budget from instrument characterization to the geophysical use of the data. Using the Interim Geophysical Data Records (16DR) that were distributed to the Jason-1 Science Working Team during the verification phase of the mission, it is shown that the Jason-1 mission is performing well enough to continue studies of the large-scale features of the ocean, and especially to continue time series of mean sea-level variations with an accuracy comparable to TOPEX/Poseidon. 相似文献
994.
Stability Study of a Tide Embankment Subjected to Sea Level Variations Using Centrifugal Model Tests
Chung-Won Lee Yong-Sun Yoon Dong-Su Chang Yun Wook Choo Min-Chul Jung 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):376-390
To investigate the behavior of dredged-sea-sand fill compacted inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat, centrifugal model tests and numerical simulation were conducted, both considering variations in sea level. The results from the three centrifugal model tests demonstrate that the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat was strongly affected by the loss of dredged-sea-sand into the filter layers with large particles and a decrease in the bearing capacity of the filter layers with small particles. In addition, a comparison of the test and simulation results confirms that the loss of sand into the filter layer and the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill were well reproduced by the numerical simulation. 相似文献
995.
Daniel Leduc Ashley A. Rowden Conrad A. Pilditch Elizabeth W. Maas P. Keith Probert 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):334-344
Studying the diversity‐ecosystem function relationship in the deep sea is of primary importance in the face of biodiversity loss and for our understanding of how the deep sea functions. Results from the first study of diversity‐ecosystem function relationships in the deep sea (Danovaro et al. 2008; Current Biology, 18, 1–8) are unexpected and show an exponential relationship between deep‐sea nematode diversity and ecosystem function and efficiency, although this relationship appears largely restricted to relatively low diversities [ES(51) <25]. Here, we investigate the relationship between nematode diversity and several independent measures/proxies of ecosystem function (sediment community oxygen consumption, bacterial biomass, bacterial extracellular enzyme activity) and efficiency (ratio of bacterial/nematode carbon to organic C content of the sediment) on the New Zealand continental slope. Nematode diversity at our study sites was relatively high [ES(51) = 30–42], and there was no relationship between species/functional diversity and ecosystem function/efficiency after accounting for the effects of water depth and food availability. Our results are consistent with a breakdown of the exponential diversity‐function relationship at high levels of diversity, which may be due to increased competition or greater functional redundancy. Future studies need to take into account as many environmental factors and as wide a range of diversities as possible to provide further insights into the diversity‐ecosystem function relationship in the largest ecosystem on Earth. 相似文献
996.
盐度对近江牡蛎耗氧率、排氨率、O:N 和吸收率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以半现场流水槽法研究了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35)对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)耗氧率、排氨率、O:N、吸收率的影响,并测定了盐度为20条件下牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的周日变化.结果表明,近江牡蛎耗氧率、排氨率、O:N先随着盐度的升高而下降,在20左右降到最低,随着盐度继续上升,又升高;而近江牡蛎的吸收率先随着盐度的升高而升高,在20左右达到最高,然后随盐度升高而下降.根据数据得出耗氧率与盐度的拟合方程: y=0.0033x2-0.1161x+1.5523, R2=0.9018;排氨率与盐度:y=0.0001x2-0.0041x+0.0871, R2=0.9889;O:N与盐度:y=0.0016x3-0.0782x2+0.9051x+10.818, R2=0.955;吸收率与盐度: y=-0.0011x2+0.0399x+0.4393.R2=0.9453.一日内,8时、14时、19时、22时4个时间点,近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率变化较大,在14时最大,表明该时点其代谢活动最强. 相似文献
997.
养殖大黄鱼在自然海区降温不同阶段抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解越冬期间水温下降对大黄鱼抗氧化水平和血清酶活性的影响, 作者研究了养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)冬季海区自然降温不同阶段(20、16、12、10、8℃)肝脏和肌肉中抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化。结果显示: 自然降温过程中, 肝脏中3 种抗氧化酶变化趋势不同, 其中SOD 活性呈升高趋势, 8℃时SOD活性最强; POD 活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势, 16℃时活性最高; CAT 活性呈下降趋势; 而肌肉中这3 种抗氧化酶活性均呈下降趋势。肝脏中GSH 和MDA 含量在16℃时最高; 肌肉中的3 种抗氧化酶活性、GSH 和MDA 含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均明显低于肝脏中, 反映了肝脏对清除自由基具有重要作用, 在抗氧化调节方面起到主要作用。血清酶ALT、AST、ALP、LDH 及CK-MB 随水温自然下降酶活性均呈现降低趋势, 即20℃时酶活性最强; CK 和LIP 随着水温降低, 呈先上升再下降的趋势; ADA 和GGT 随水温降低活性呈上升趋势。血清酶的不同变化, 说明水温对大黄鱼血清酶活性有一定的影响。 相似文献
998.
烟台海域海岛自动站大风对比试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
烟台北部面临黄、渤海,海岛自动站分布众多.我们发现,在同一大风过程中,各海岛自动站的风速、风向因为海拔高度、周围地形影响、下垫面摩擦的不同造成明显差异.本文主要以长岛作为渤海海峡大风的代表站,以崆峒岛和芝罘岛作为烟台北部沿海海域大风的代表站,利用便携自动站的观测数据近似代表海面大风的实况,与代表站进行大风的对比试验,对比试验的数据均采用指数廓线公式订正到海面10m高度.分析了三个海岛自动站的不同风向下的海面大风的实际代表性,并给出不同风向下的大风订正值. 相似文献
999.
1000.
根据透岩浆流体成矿理论,岩浆体是含矿流体的通道而不是来源,因而估算含矿流体注入岩浆体的能力是评价高位侵入体成矿潜力的有效方法。文中利用一维传热模型计算了石湖金矿区三类代表性岩墙(花岗斑岩、石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩)不同厚度条件下的冷却时间尺度,同时估算了岩浆冷却过程中的粘度变化速率。假定岩浆侵位于约6 km,且完全固结时含矿流体才不能有效注入,石湖金矿区三类代表性岩墙的最小临界成矿厚度分别为3345 m(花岗斑岩)、822 m(石英闪长玢岩)和102 m(辉绿岩)。模拟结果与石湖金矿区矿体的产状一致,暗示模拟结果具有较强的实用价值。结合岩墙长度/宽度比值,进一步估算致矿侵入体的最小临界出露面积分别约为312~1 561 m2(玄武质岩体)、0014~0068 km2(石英闪长玢岩)和0011~0034 km2(花岗斑岩)。估算结果为野外地质找矿提供了一个定性的标准,对快速资源勘查具有参考价值。 相似文献