Climate-governance entrepreneurship,higher-order learning,and sustainable consumption: the case of the state of Oregon,United States     

Halina Szejnwald Brown  Maurie J. Cohen 《Climate Policy》2019,19(6):739-755

The ongoing devolution of climate policy-making to sub-national levels has prompted growing interest in policy entrepreneurship by individuals who are politically and technically creative and institutionally resourceful. This paper investigates the case of the materials-management programme in the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality which has emerged as a national and international leader by focusing on the role of household consumption in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Two noteworthy innovations involve the development of a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory and introduction of policies aimed at facilitating construction of small homes (so-called Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU). The case traces over several decades the higher order learning processes within the group and their entrepreneurship toward affecting broader changes in emission accounting and climate policies in Oregon. The paper identifies the enabling factors for these innovations, and considers: how to create the conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; how to reproduce these conditions in different locales; and how to recognize and foster innovations that arise outside the established mainstream ‘climate community’. It also stresses the benefits of breaking down the barriers between science-based analysis and policy. The two questions frequently raised in the climate policy debate – how to bring researchers and practitioners together to develop efficacious policies; and how to replicate successful programmes and policies across different communities, jurisdictions, and locations – should be re-examined. It may be more appropriate to ask instead: How to create conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; and how to reproduce these conditions in different locales.

Key policy insights

• Using a consumption-based greenhouse gas emission inventory instead of a sector-based inventory radically changes climate policy priorities, shifting the emphasis from technological fixes to curbing household consumption.

• Policy innovations thrive in teams that combine technical and scientific competencies with: a commitment to addressing societal problems; interest in inquiry, experimentation, and learning; entrepreneurship; and strategic and political savvy.

• These qualities require breaking down artificial barriers between science and policy.

• Transformative policy ideas can originate within institutional nodes that operate outside of an established community of expertise and authority; and these should be identified and fostered.

  相似文献   

基于深度学习的FY3D/MERSI和EOS/MODIS云检测模型研究     

瞿建华  鄢俊洁  薛娟  郭雪星 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):87-93

针对FY3D/MERSI和EOS/MODIS的云检测问题,提出了一种基于深度学习技术的全自动云检测算法,首次将深度学习引入到卫星影像云检测领域。本算法使用深度全卷积神经网络(Deep Convolutional Neural Networks)作为核心结构,基于EOS/MODIS基本云检测原理选择合适的通道作为特性向量参数,针对不同的场景进行分类和网络模型的训练,最终得到基于深度学习的云检测模型。经过EOS/MODIS数据和FY3D/MERSI数据的测试,云检测的精度达到98%以上,可以看出基于深度学习的云检测算法能够用于云检测,该算法具有效率高、精度高等特点,云检测效果理想。  相似文献   

Transformational adaptation on the farm: Processes of change and persistence in transitions to ‘climate-smart’ regenerative agriculture     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Regenerative agriculture, an alternative form of food and fiber production, concerns itself with enhancing and restoring resilient systems supported by functional ecosystem processes and healthy, organic soils capable of producing a full suite of ecosystem services, among them soil carbon sequestration and improved soil water retention. As such, climate change mitigation and adaptation are incidental to a larger enterprise that employs a systems approach to managing landscapes and communities. The transformative potential of regenerative agriculture has seen growing attention in the popular press, but few empirical studies have explored the processes by which farmers enter into, navigate, and, importantly, sustain the required paradigm shift in their approach to managing their properties, farm businesses, and personal lives. We draw on theories and insights associated with relational thinking to analyze the experiences of farmers in Australia who have undertaken and sustained transitions from conventional to regenerative agriculture. We present a conceptual framework of “zones of friction and traction” occurring in personal, practical, and political spheres of transformation that both challenge and facilitate the transition process. Our findings illustrate the ways in which deeply held values and emotions influence and interact with mental models, worldviews, and cultural norms as a result of regular monitoring; and how behavioral change is sustained through the establishment of self-amplifying positive feedbacks involving biophilic emotions, a sense of well-being, and an ever-expanding worldview. We conclude that transitioning to regenerative agriculture involves more than a suite of ‘climate-smart’ mitigation and adaptation practices supported by technical innovation, policy, education, and outreach. Rather, it involves subjective, nonmaterial factors associated with culture, values, ethics, identity, and emotion that operate at individual, household, and community scales and interact with regional, national and global processes. Findings have implications for strategies aimed at facilitating a large-scale transition to climate-smart regenerative agriculture.  相似文献   

同构迁移学习理论和算法研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李茂莹  杨柳  胡清华 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(3):269-277

迁移学习的目的是解决目标领域中训练样本不足的学习问题,可以把一些在其他相关的源领域中获得的知识,迁移到目标领域中.它放宽了传统机器学习中的两个基本假设：用于学习的训练样本与新的测试样本满足独立同分布的条件;必须有足够可利用的训练样本才能学习得到一个较好的分类模型.按照源领域和目标领域的特征空间是否相同可划分为同构迁移学习和异构迁移学习.本文主要针对同构迁移学习的相关研究进展进行了综述,从理论、算法、应用方面介绍了在该领域所做的研究工作,并指出了同构迁移学习未来可能的研究方向.  相似文献   

Learning from the South: common challenges and solutions for small-scale farming     

LINDSAY C STRINGER  CHASCA TWYMAN†  LEAH M GIBBS‡ 《The Geographical journal》2008,174(3):235-250

Small-scale farmers all over the world face a number of common biophysical and socio-economic challenges. In this paper we draw on data from a workshop held in the UK in 2005, to assess whether experiences in addressing these challenges, as gained in the global South, may be used to inform solutions to similar challenges in the UK. In doing so, we contribute to a growing body of literature that seeks to challenge predominantly North–South flows of knowledge and resources. We first identify specific common challenges faced by small-scale farmers in the global North and South. We then compare the different solutions used to address these problems, drawing on the first-hand experiences of the academics, small-scale farmers, NGO staff and policymakers who participated in the workshop. Next, we examine the transferability of solutions between locations, elucidating the conditions that support and hinder such transfers. Finally, we evaluate the potential for a workshop approach to act as a 'learning space', in which the sharing of experiences can foster learning for participants and lead to new, creative ways of thinking about the process-based challenges faced by small-scale farmers  相似文献   

基于改进InceptionV3模型的常见矿物智能识别     

彭伟航  白林  商世为  唐小洁  张哲远 《地质通报》2019,38(12):2059-2066

以常见的16类矿物作为研究对象,收集每一类矿物约1000张图像,按比例划分为训练集、验证集和测试集,通过图像随机选取增加数据的多样性,建立矿物识别InceptionV3模型,训练7万次在测试集上获得81%的识别正确率。通过对损失函数的改进,引入Center Loss损失函数,训练40万次识别准确率提高到86%。对分类的混淆矩阵分析发现,孔雀石等外观特征明显的矿物识别正确率很高,而闪锌矿等与其他矿物容易混淆导致正确率较低。从特征图分析看出,模型很好地提取了孔雀石的放射状特征,矿物图像特征向量聚集程度很高,也说明了模型的可靠性。  相似文献   

Development and future prospects of quantitative mineral assessment in China     

《China Geology》2019,2(2):198-210

Mineral potential assessment at the Earth’s surface has been an important research for geoscientists around the world in the past five decades. The fundamental aspects of mineral assessment at different scales can be associated with the following tasks, e.g., mineral potential mapping and estimation of mineral resources. This paper summarized the history and development in terms of theories, methods technologies and software platforms for quantitative assessment of mineral resources in China, e.g. comprehensive information methodology, geological anomaly, three-component quantitative prediction method, 5P ore-finding area, integrated information assessment method, nonlinear process modeling and fractals, three dimensional mineral potential mapping, etc. At last, to discuss the future of quantitative mineral assessment in an era of big data including platform for 3D visualization, analysis and sharing, new methods and protocols for data cleaning, information enhancement, information integration, and uncertainties and multiple explanations of multi-information.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Integration of Geospatial Science in Teacher Education     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):163-172

Abstract

One of the primary missions of our university is to train future primary and secondary teachers. Geospatial sciences, including GIS, have long been excluded from teacher education curriculum. This article explains the curriculum revisions undertaken to increase the geospatial technology education of future teachers. A general education class introducing geospatial technology to the general student body has been developed, a cartography class has been modified to provide applied geospatial experience explicitly for future teachers, and a service learning partnership with local K–12 schools has been established where students are working with teachers to integrate geospatial sciences in their academic programs.  相似文献   

大学英语“自主-合作学习”整合模式研究     

范玉梅  何谦卫 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(2):68-72

针对现有自主学习和合作学习模式的不足,提出了大学英语"自主-合作学习"模式。该模式将学习目标、任务特质、学生认知风格、合作动机以及学习情境五个要素作为输入,教师教学、学生自主和合作学习几个环节的整合作为过程,以教学设计、教学实施和学习绩效作为输出,对大学英语教学模式的各要素、环节和结果及其关系予以整体、全面的探讨。模式结合了自主学习和合作学习两者的优势,克服了单一模式的不足,充分发挥教学模式的多重功能,为该模式的实施提供了一个概念框架。  相似文献   

基于改进U-Net网络的海洋中尺度涡自动检测模型     

董子意  杜震洪  吴森森  李亚东  张丰  刘仁义 《海洋学报》2022,44(2):123-131

海洋中尺度涡对浮游生物的分布、能量和盐分的输送具有非常重要的影响,海洋中尺度涡的自动检测是监测、分析中尺度涡时空变化的重要基础.针对传统基于物理特征检测海洋中尺度涡的方法存在受限于人工设计参数导致精度不高的问题,本文依据海洋卫星反演的海表面高度图,提出了一种基于改进U-Net网络的海洋中尺度涡自动检测模型.该模型在海洋...  相似文献