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Shiro Kohshima Nozomu Takeuchi Jun Uetake Takayuki Shiraiwa Ryu Uemura Naohiro Yoshida Sumito Matoba Maria Angelica Godoi 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,59(1-4):236
Snow algae in a 45.97-m-long ice core from the Tyndall Glacier (50°59′05″S, 73°31′12″W, 1756 m a.s.l.) in the Southern Patagonian Icefield were examined for potential use in ice core dating and estimation of the net accumulation rate. The core was subjected to visual stratigraphic observation and bulk density measurements in the field, and later to analyses of snow algal biomass, water isotopes (18O, D), and major dissolved ions. The ice core contained many algal cells that belonged to two species of snow algae growing in the snow near the surface: Chloromonas sp. and an unknown green algal species. Algal biomass and major dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−) exhibited rapid decreases in the upper 3 m, probably owing to melt water elution and/or decomposition of algal cells. However, seasonal cycles were still found for the snow algal biomass, 18O, D-excess, and major ions, although the amplitudes of the cycles decreased with depth. Supposing that the layers with almost no snow algae were the winter layers without the melt water essential to algal growth, we estimated that the net accumulation rate at this location was 12.9 m a− 1 from winter 1998 to winter 1999, and 5.1 m from the beginning of winter to December 1999. These estimates are similar to the values estimated from the peaks of 18O (17.8 m a− 1 from summer 1998 to summer 1999 and 11.0 m from summer to December 1999) and those of D-excess (14.7 m a− 1 from fall 1998 to fall 1999 and 8.6 m a− 1 from fall to December 1999). These values are much higher than those obtained by past ice core studies in Patagonia, but are of the same order of magnitude as those predicted from various observations at ablation areas of Patagonian glaciers. 相似文献
195.
Brent V. Alloway David J. Lowe David J. A. Barrell Rewi M. Newnham Peter C. Almond Paul C. Augustinus Nancy A. N. Bertler Lionel Carter Nicola J. Litchfield Matt S. McGlone Jamie Shulmeister Marcus J. Vandergoes Paul W. Williams NZ‐INTIMATE members 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(1):9-35
It is widely recognised that the acquisition of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from southern mid‐latitude sites is essential for establishing a coherent picture of inter‐hemispheric climate change and for better understanding of the role of Antarctic climate dynamics in the global climate system. New Zealand is considered to be a sensitive monitor of climate change because it is one of a few sizeable landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere westerly circulation zone, a critical transition zone between subtropical and Antarctic influences. New Zealand has mountainous axial ranges that amplify the climate signals and, consequently, the environmental gradients are highly sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Since 1995, INTIMATE has, through a series of international workshops, sought ways to improve procedures for establishing the precise ages of climate events, and to correlate them with high precision, for the last 30 000 calendar years. The NZ‐INTIMATE project commenced in late 2003, and has involved virtually the entire New Zealand palaeoclimate community. Its aim is to develop an event stratigraphy for the New Zealand region over the past 30 000 years, and to reconcile these events against the established climatostratigraphy of the last glacial cycle which has largely been developed from Northern Hemisphere records (e.g. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Termination I, Younger Dryas). An initial outcome of NZ‐INTIMATE has been the identification of a series of well‐dated, high‐resolution onshore and offshore proxy records from a variety of latitudes and elevations on a common calendar timescale from 30 000 cal. yr BP to the present day. High‐resolution records for the last glacial coldest period (LGCP) (including the LGM sensu stricto) and last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT) from Auckland maars, Kaipo and Otamangakau wetlands on eastern and central North Island, marine core MD97‐2121 east of southern North Island, speleothems on northwest South Island, Okarito wetland on southwestern South Island, are presented. Discontinuous (fragmentary) records comprising compilations of glacial sequences, fluvial sequences, loess accumulation, and aeolian quartz accumulation in an andesitic terrain are described. Comparisons with ice‐core records from Antarctica (EPICA Dome C) and Greenland (GISP2) are discussed. A major advantage immediately evident from these records apart from the speleothem record, is that they are linked precisely by one or more tephra layers. Based on these New Zealand terrestrial and marine records, a reasonably coherent, regionally applicable, sequence of climatically linked stratigraphic events over the past 30 000 cal. yr is emerging. Three major climate events are recognised: (1) LGCP beginning at ca. 28 000 cal. yr BP, ending at Termination I, ca. 18 000 cal. yr BP, and including a warmer and more variable phase between ca. 27 000 and 21 000 cal. yr BP, (2) LGIT between ca. 18 000 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, including a Lateglacial warm period from ca. 14 800 to 13 500 cal. yr BP and a Lateglacial climate reversal between ca. 13 500 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, and (3) Holocene interglacial conditions, with two phases of greatest warmth between ca. 11 600 and 10 800 cal. yr BP and from ca. 6 800 to 6 500 cal. yr BP. Some key boundaries coincide with volcanic tephras. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
196.
The production efficiency of shale gas is affected by the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures. This study presents a simulation of natural fractures in shale reservoirs, based on a discrete fracture network (DFN) method for hydraulic fracturing engineering. Fracture properties of the model are calculated from core fracture data, according to statistical mathematical analysis. The calculation results make full use of the quantitative information of core fracture orientation, density, opening and length, which constitute the direct and extensive data of mining engineering. The reliability and applicability of the model are analyzed with regard to model size and density, a calculation method for dominant size and density being proposed. Then, finite element analysis is applied to a hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation of a shale fractured reservoir in southeastern Chongqing. The hydraulic pressure distribution, fracture propagation, acoustic emission information and in situ stress changes during fracturing are analyzed. The results show the application of fracture statistics in fracture modeling and the influence of fracture distribution on hydraulic fracturing engineering. The present analysis may provide a reference for shale gas exploitation. 相似文献
197.
随着人类社会和科学技术的发展,尤其是中国国力的提升和教育的深化提高,教育改革,包括地学高等教育的改革,就更需进一步深化,以适应时代发展的需要。文章根据作者长期从事地学教学实践与科研的经历,针对2020年全国基础地质学教学会议关于普通地质学教学改革的精神,概括提出两点体会,一是关于普地教学目标和任务,二是涉及普地教学关键所在,供同行讨论。作者从地球科学基本特征和教学目标出发,提出普地教学的核心价值与重要性,进一步明确普地教学的关键在于教师队伍、教学定位与目标及教学内容与方法等三个方面。普通地质学的教学是地学高等教育中最基础、最关键的环节,其总体目标是提高地学教育的普适性,目的是培育学生的科学志趣,引导学生奔向地球科学大道。 相似文献
198.
在天然气水合物岩心样品的带压转移过程中,岩心衬管抓捕装置是实现样品转移的关键。岩心抓取是在岩心管内进行,属于非可视化操作过程,同时岩心样品和抓捕器都处于高压液体中,岩心衬管与岩心管之间的间隙非常小,要保证岩心样品的原位状态,对岩心抓捕装置的结构设计、精准定位、快速抓取和释放都有很高的要求。根据该装置所需实现的抓取、拖动、定位和释放功能,设计挂盘自锁和触碰解锁机构,探针抓取衬管,经过室内抓捕实验,该机构可以顺利抓捕和解卡,其结构简单,能在压力状态下进行岩心转移,加快了天然气水合物样品的带压转移装置的研究进展。 相似文献
199.
四川尔呷地吉铅锌矿区位于南北向甘洛-小江断裂(本区内称为马拉哈断裂)北段与马拉哈背斜的复合部位。区域地质条件复杂,岩层破碎、裂隙发育,存在钻孔坍塌、漏失、缩径、掉块等钻探难题。为避免井内复杂事故、缩减钻井周期、降低作业风险,在该矿区开展了钻探技术研究工作。以ZK4522、ZK4737、ZK7545钻孔施工问题为例,重点剖析了钻孔事故频发的原因,提出了改进措施,总结了适合该矿区钻探施工的钻孔结构设计,并对不同地层使用冲洗液配方进行了阐述,对水泥浆护壁工艺、套管护壁工艺采取了技术管控措施,在该矿区取得了良好的效果,形成了一套具有实际参考价值的钻探施工方案,为该矿区以后的施工提供了技术保障措施和经验,同时对其他类似钻探施工也具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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为了解决新疆地区铀矿勘探设备落后、劳动强度大、安全隐患多、钻效提升困难等难题,研制了XD-10DK型小口径电动顶驱钻机,该钻机采用了模块化设计、交流变频电机直驱、负载双通道、数字化检测、顶部驱动等多项先进技术。经过在准噶尔盆地车排子地区3个钻孔的现场试验,提高了铀矿勘探自动化程度和钻进效率、降低了工人的劳动强度、改善了工人的工作环境、保障了施工设备和人员安全。为新疆地区铀矿勘探乃至全国的岩心钻机更新换代提供了借鉴。 相似文献